48 research outputs found

    Eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) e analise numerica de leveduras isoladas da cavidade oral de humanos

    Get PDF
    Orientador: Jose Francisco HoflingDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O emprego de diferentes metodologias na extração de proteínas intracelulares de leveduras isoladas da cavidade oral de humanos, para aplicação em SDS-PAGE, foi avaliado. As proteínas foram obtidas por disrrupção com pérolas de vidro, pela ação do ácido tricloroacético, por sonicação, por um tampão de amostra e por criofratura celular através do uso de nitrogênio líquido, e posteriormente aplicadas em SDS-PAGE. Os perfis individuais foram analisados por densitometria de integralização de área e mostraram que a extração por criofratura e sonicação apresentaram os melhores resultados, seguidos pelos métodos de extração por tampão de amostra e pérolas de vidro. O ácido tricloroacético não se demonstrou satisfatório na obtenção de proteínas separáveis por SDS-PAGE. As proteínas intracelulares totais das espécies Cândida albicans, Cândida krusei, Cândida parapsitosis, Cândida tropicalis e Cândida guilliermondii, obtidas pelo método de" criofratura celular, foram submetidas à SDS-PAGE, em sistema descontínuo, e analisadas por densitometria. Os valores relativos de migração (Rfs) foram convertidos em dados binários e forneceram, após processamento computadorizado, as similaridades fenéticas entre as diferentes linhagens de uma mesma espécie e entre as diferentes espécies do gênero. Os resultados obtidos permitiram, ainda, agrupar as diferentes linhagens e espécies em função de suas similaridades fenéticas, gerando "clusters" compostos por linhagens de uma mesma espécie. Esse resultado sugere que a análise numérica de características baseadas em eletroforegramas de proteínas intracelulares totais de leveduras orais, é um recurso importante na identificação e discriminação de isolados clínicos e nos estudos com ênfase em Taxonomia, Sistemática e biodiversidadeAbstract: This work aimed to evaluate distincts methodologies for whole-cell proteins extraction of yeasts isolated from oral cavity, for application in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Such proteins were obtained by disruption with glass beads, trichloroacetic acid action, loading sample buffer action, sonication and cellular cryofracture by liquid nitrogen and applied in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The profiles were analised by area integralization densitometry and showed that the best electrophoretic profile for proteins were obtained by cellular cryofracture and sonication. Glass beads and loading sample buffer showed less satisfactories results and the trichloroacetic acid method was not able to disclose applicable proteins bands to be used in studies of relationships of Candida species. The experimental results let to the observation that the species studied by using liquid nitrogen (cellular cryofracture method) showed the best electrophoretic profiles when compared to other metodologies. At the second part of this work, the whole-cell proteins were obtained by cellular cryofracture, separated by SDS-PAGE in a discontinous gel system and analised by densitometry of peaks detection. The migration distance values (Rfs) were converted in binominal data that after computer-process, gave the phenetic similarities among the different strains within the same species and among the different species within the same genera. The results obtained alowed to cluster the different strains and species by their phenetic similarities, giving clusters composed uniquely by specimen of the same species. This result suggests that the numerical analysis of characteristics based on electrophoregrams of whole-cell proteins of oral yeasts is a tool with great discriminately potential in studies of identification, sistematics and biodiversityMestradoBiologia e Patologia Buco-DentalMestre em Ciência

    TOXICIDADE DE AGENTES CLAREADORES SOBRE STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

    Get PDF
    Embora os agentes de clareamento dental venham sendo utilizados extensivamente, efeitos biológicos adversos sobre estruturas do organismo e bactérias têm sido reportados. Objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade in vitro de agentes clareadores [peróxido de carbamida 16% (PC) e peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (PH)] sobre Streptococcus mutans crescido em fase planctônica e biofilme em dois tempos de exposição continuada. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes Kruskal-Wallis e U de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Os grupos PH, PC, e seus excipientes demonstraram efeito bactericida para as células em fase planctônicas, nos dois tempos. PC e PH apresentaram efeito bactericida em biofilme.. Os tratamentos com excipientes apresentaram redução tempo-dependente na viabilidade de células crescidas em biofilme para todos os períodos de tempo. Os agentes clareadores e seus excipientes apresentaram toxicidade para Streptococcus mutans crescido em fase planctônica e em biofilme, nos dois tempos investigados.  

    Caracterização clonal de cepas de Streptococcus mutans por eletroforese de enzimas codificadas por multilocus

    Get PDF
    Twenty-one Streptococcus mutans strains were clustered by Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE). Six isoenzymes showed strong infra-specific discriminatory power (M1P, MPI, PLP, NSP, GOT, and LAP). MLEE is a robust technique that may be used to explore clonal diversity of S. mutans isolates in epidemiological surveys.Vinte e uma cepas de Streptococcus mutans foram agrupadas pela eletroforese de enzimas codificadas por multilocus (MLEE). Seis isoenzimas apresentaram forte poder discriminatório (M1P, MPI, PLP, NSP, GOT e LAP). A MLEE é uma técnica robusta que pode ser empregada no estudo da diversidade clonal de cepas de S. mutans, em estudos epidemiológicos.171

    Electrophoretic Protein Patterns And Numerical Analysis Of Candida Albicans From The Oral Cavities Of Healthy Children.

    Get PDF
    The aim of this research was to evaluate the protein polymorphism degree among seventy-five C. albicans strains from healthy children oral cavities of five socioeconomic categories from eight schools (private and public) in Piracicaba city, São Paulo State, in order to identify C. albicans subspecies and their similarities in infantile population groups and to establish their possible dissemination route. Cell cultures were grown in YEPD medium, collected by centrifugation, and washed with cold saline solution. The whole-cell proteins were extracted by cell disruption, using glass beads and submitted to SDS-PAGE technique. After electrophoresis, the protein bands were stained with Coomassie-blue and analyzed by statistics package NTSYS-pc version 1.70 software. Similarity matrix and dendrogram were generated by using the Dice similarity coefficient and UPGMA algorithm, respectively, which made it possible to evaluate the similarity or intra-specific polymorphism degrees, based on whole-cell protein fingerprinting of C. albicans oral isolates. A total of 13 major phenons (clusters) were analyzed, according to their homogeneous (socioeconomic category and/or same school) and heterogeneous (distinct socioeconomic categories and/or schools) characteristics. Regarding to the social epidemiological aspect, the cluster composition showed higher similarities (0.788 < SD < or = 1.0) among C. albicans strains isolated from healthy children independent of their socioeconomic bases (high, medium, or low). Isolates of high similarity were not found in oral cavities from healthy children of social stratum A and D, B and D, or C and E. This may be explained by an absence of a dissemination route among these children. Geographically, some healthy children among identical and different schools (private and public) also are carriers of similar strains but such similarity was not found among other isolates from children from certain schools. These data may reflect a restricted dissemination route of these microorganisms in some groups of healthy scholars, which may be dependent of either socioeconomic categories or geographic site of each child. In contrast to the higher similarity, the lower similarity or higher polymorphism degree (0.499 < or = SD < 0.788) of protein profiles was shown in 23 (30.6%) C. albicans oral isolates. Considering the social epidemiological aspect, 42.1%, 41.7%, 26.6%, 23.5%, and 16.7% were isolates from children concerning to socioeconomic categories A, D, C, B, and E, respectively, and geographically, 63.6%, 50%, 33.3%, 33.3%, 30%, 25%, and 14.3% were isolates from children from schools LAE (Liceu Colégio Albert Einstein), MA (E.E.P.S.G. Prof. Elias de Melo Ayres), CS (E.E.P.G. Prof. Carlos Sodero), AV (Alphaville), HF (E.E.P.S.G. Honorato Faustino), FMC (E.E.P.G. Prof. Francisco Mariano da Costa), and MEP (E.E.P.S.G. Prof. Manasses Ephraim Pereira), respectively. Such results suggest a higher protein polymorphism degree among some strains isolated from healthy children independent of their socioeconomic strata or geographic sites. Complementary studies, involving healthy students and their families, teachers, servants, hygiene and nutritional habits must be done in order to establish the sources of such colonization patterns in population groups of healthy children. The whole-cell protein profile obtained by SDS-PAGE associated with computer-assisted numerical analysis may provide additional criteria for the taxonomic and epidemiological studies of C. albicans.45249-5

    Padrões eletroforéticos de proteínas e análise numérica de Candida albicans isoladas da cavidade oral de crianças saudáveis

    Get PDF
    O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar os graus de polimorfismos protéicos entre setenta e cinco linhagens de C. albicans isoladas da cavidade oral de crianças saudáveis provenientes de cinco categorias socioeconômicas e oito escolas (particulares e públicas) do município de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, a fim de identificar subespécies de C. albicans e suas similaridades em grupos de populações infantis e estabelecer suas possíveis rotas de disseminação. Culturas celulares foram desenvolvidas em meio YEPD, coletadas por centrifugação e lavadas com solução salina gelada. As proteínas celulares totais foram extraídas por rompimento celular usando pérolas de vidro e submetidas à técnica de SDS-PAGE. Após a eletroforese, as bandas de proteínas foram coradas com Coomassie-blue e analisadas pelo conjunto de programas estatísticos NTSYS-pc versão 1.70. Matriz de similaridade e dendrograma foram gerados, pela aplicação do coeficiente de similaridade de Dice e do algoritmo UPGMA, respectivamente, os quais permitiram avaliar os graus de polimorfismo ou similaridade intra-específico, baseados nos padrões eletroforéticos de proteínas totais de isolados orais de C. albicans. Um total de 13 principais fenons (grupos) foi analisado de acordo com suas características homogêneas (categoria socioeconômica e/ou escola idênticas) e heterogêneas (categorias socioeconômicas e/ou escolas diferentes). Com relação ao aspecto epidemiológico socioeconômico, as composições dos grupos mostraram alta similaridade (0.788 < S D < 1.0) entre algumas linhagens de C. albicans isoladas de crianças saudáveis independentemente de suas camadas socioeconômicas (alta, média e baixa). Isolados de alta similaridade não foram encontrados nas cavidades orais de crianças saudáveis pertencentes às camadas sociais A e D, B e C, ou C e E. Isto pode ser explicado pela ausência de uma rota de disseminação entre estas crianças. Geograficamente, algumas crianças saudáveis entre escolas idênticas e diferentes (particulares e públicas) também são portadoras de linhagens semelhantes, mas tal similaridade não foi encontrada entre outros de determinadas escolas. Esses dados podem refletir uma rota de disseminação restrita destes microrganismos em alguns grupos de escolares saudáveis, a qual pode ser dependente da categoria socioeconômica ou local geográfico de cada criança. Em contraste à alta similaridade, a baixa similaridade ou alto grau de polimorfismo (0.499 < S D < 0.788) dos perfis protéicos foi demonstrado em 23 (30,6%) isolados orais de C. albicans. Considerando o aspecto epidemiológico social, 42,1%, 41,7%, 26,6%, 23,5% e 16,7% foram isolados de crianças provenientes das categorias socioeconômicas A, D, C, B e E, respectivamente, e geograficamente, 63,6%, 50%, 33,3%, 33,3%, 30%, 25% e 14,3% foram isolados de crianças provenientes das escolas LAE, MA, CS, AV, HF, FMC e MEP, respectivamente. Tais resultados sugerem um maior grau de polimorfismo entre algumas linhagens isoladas de crianças saudáveis independentemente de suas camadas sociais ou locais geográficos. Estudos complementares envolvendo escolares saudáveis e seus familiares, professores, serventes, hábitos nutricionais e de higiene deverão ser realizados a fim de estabelecer as fontes de tais padrões de colonização em grupos de populações de crianças saudáveis. Os perfis de proteínas totais obtidos por SDS-PAGE associados com análise numérica computadorizada podem proporcionar critérios adicionais para os estudos epidemiológicos e taxonômicos de C. albicans.The aim of this research was to evaluate the protein polymorphism degree among seventy-five C. albicans strains from healthy children oral cavities of five socioeconomic categories from eight schools (private and public) in Piracicaba city, São Paulo State, in order to identify C. albicans subspecies and their similarities in infantile population groups and to establish their possible dissemination route. Cell cultures were grown in YEPD medium, collected by centrifugation, and washed with cold saline solution. The whole-cell proteins were extracted by cell disruption, using glass beads and submitted to SDS-PAGE technique. After electrophoresis, the protein bands were stained with Coomassie-blue and analyzed by statistics package NTSYS-pc version 1.70 software. Similarity matrix and dendrogram were generated by using the Dice similarity coefficient and UPGMA algorithm, respectively, which made it possible to evaluate the similarity or intra-specific polymorphism degrees, based on whole-cell protein fingerprinting of C. albicans oral isolates. A total of 13 major phenons (clusters) were analyzed, according to their homogeneous (socioeconomic category and/or same school) and heterogeneous (distinct socioeconomic categories and/or schools) characteristics. Regarding to the social epidemiological aspect, the cluster composition showed higher similarities (0.788 < S D < 1.0) among C. albicans strains isolated from healthy children independent of their socioeconomic bases (high, medium, or low). Isolates of high similarity were not found in oral cavities from healthy children of social stratum A and D, B and D, or C and E. This may be explained by an absence of a dissemination route among these children. Geographically, some healthy children among identical and different schools (private and public) also are carriers of similar strains but such similarity was not found among other isolates from children from certain schools. These data may reflect a restricted dissemination route of these microorganisms in some groups of healthy scholars, which may be dependent of either socioeconomic categories or geographic site of each child. In contrast to the higher similarity, the lower similarity or higher polymorphism degree (0.499 < S D < 0.788) of protein profiles was shown in 23 (30.6%) C. albicans oral isolates. Considering the social epidemiological aspect, 42.1%, 41.7%, 26.6%, 23.5%, and 16.7% were isolates from children concerning to socioeconomic categories A, D, C, B, and E, respectively, and geographically, 63.6%, 50%, 33.3%, 33.3%, 30%, 25%, and 14.3% were isolates from children from schools LAE (Liceu Colégio Albert Einstein), MA (E.E.P.S.G. "Prof. Elias de Melo Ayres"), CS (E.E.P.G. "Prof. Carlos Sodero"), AV (Alphaville), HF (E.E.P.S.G. "Honorato Faustino), FMC (E.E.P.G. "Prof. Francisco Mariano da Costa"), and MEP (E.E.P.S.G. "Prof. Manasses Ephraim Pereira), respectively. Such results suggest a higher protein polymorphism degree among some strains isolated from healthy children independent of their socioeconomic strata or geographic sites. Complementary studies, involving healthy students and their families, teachers, servants, hygiene and nutritional habits must be done in order to establish the sources of such colonization patterns in population groups of healthy children. The whole-cell protein profile obtained by SDS-PAGE associated with computer-assisted numerical analysis may provide additional criteria for the taxonomic and epidemiological studies of C. albicans

    The proposition of an inexpensive chemically defined culture medium (MycoDef) for yeast studies

    Get PDF
    Chemically defined culture media (CDCMs) have their compositions qualitatively and quantitatively known. They are constituted of components able to meet the nutritional requirements of microorganisms. This study evaluated the employability of a multivitamin as the basis for the elaboration of a CDCM for experiments with yeasts. Candida albicans reference strains ATCC®90028™ and SC5314 were used. YNB® without amino acid (Difco Co.) was used as the standard in evaluations. For the preparation of the experimental culture medium (MycoDef), commercial multivitamin tablets had their coatings removed and were crushed until obtaining a fine powder; missing constituents were added. Comparisons were carried out evaluating aerobic and anaerobic planktonic growth rate, biofilm formation rate, whole-cell protein patterns by SDS-PAGE, minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations for clotrimazole, fluconazole, nystatin, and griseofulvin. Growth in MycoDef and YNB® did not differ between them (p&gt;0.05) in both normoxic and anoxic conditions. Regarding employability for sensitivity testing, MycoDef showed performance like YNB®. The protein profiles of cells grown on both media did not differ in the number and positioning of bands. The results obtained allowed us to infer that MycoDef is a reliable low-cost culture medium useful for trials involving C. albicans

    Candida spp. biotypes in the oral cavity of school children from different socioeconomic categories in Piracicaba - SP, Brazil

    Get PDF
    Duzentos e trinta e nove crianças brasileiras foram estudadas, distribuídas em cinco categorias socioeconômicas distintas (A a E). As amostras de saliva foram analisadas avaliando-se o fluxo salivar, pH, capacidade tampão e parâmetros microbianos. Os resultados mostraram Candida em 47,3% da amostra total. A espécie mais encontrada foi C. albicans em todas as categorias socioeconômicas seguidas por C. tropicalis, C. krusei e C. parapsilosis. A saliva e os parâmetros de investigacão clínicos como a proporcão de secreção, capacidade tampão e CFU/ml de Candida não mostraram nenhuma correlação estatística entre estes parâmetros. A freqüência de Candida não diferiu substancialmente entre os grupos; no entanto elas foram mais acentuadas entre as categorias B e C. Entre todas as espécies, C. albicans foi a mais prevalente. Somente 5% das amostras mostraram mais de uma espécie e revelaram a presença de C. albicans associada com C. tropicalis, C. Parapsilosis ou C. krusei. Foi possível detectar uma correlação significante entre os índices de cárie e as categorias socioeconômicas. As categorias A e E mostraram índices de cárie aumentados; no entanto, a amostra da população foi considerada de risco de cárie baixo. Não havia nenhuma correlação positiva entre Candida e risco de cárie.Two hundred and thirty-nine (239) Brazilian children, distributed into five distinct socioeconomic categories (A to E) were studied. Saliva samples were analyzed as to flow rate, pH, buffer capacity and microbial parameters. The results revealed the presence of Candida spp. in 47.3% of the samples. The most commonly isolated species was C. albicans, in all socioeconomic categories, followed by C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. There was no statistical correlation between secretion rate, buffer capacity and Candida spp. CFU/ml. The prevalence of Candida spp. did not differ substantially among the groups; however the microorganisms were more detected in categories B and C. Among all species, C. albicans was the most prevalent. Only 5% of the sample presented more than one species - C. albicans associated with C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis or C. krusei. It was possible to detect a significant correlation between caries indices and the socioeconomic categories. All categories presented increased caries indices; however the studied population was considered of low caries risk. There was no positive correlation between the presence of Candida and caries risk in the analyzed population
    corecore