Origins of asexuality in Bryobia mites (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Background Obligate asexual reproduction is rare in the animal kingdom. Generally, asexuals are considered evolutionary dead ends that are unable to radiate. The phytophagous mite genus Bryobia contains a large number of asexual species. In this study, we investigate the origin and evolution of asexuality using samples from 111 populations in Europe, South Africa and the United States, belonging to eleven Bryobia species. We also examine intraspecific clonal diversity for one species, B. kissophila, by genotyping individuals from 61 different populations. Knowledge on the origin of asexuality and on clonal diversity can contribute to our understanding of the paradox of sex. Results The majority (94%) of 111 sampled populations reproduces asexually. Analysis of part of nuclear 28S rDNA shows that these asexuals do not form a monophyletic clade. Analysis of the mitochondrial COI region shows that intraspecific variation is extensive (up to 8.8%). Within B. kissophila, distinct clades are found, which are absent at the nuclear 28S rDNA level. Moreover, paraphyletic patterns are found at the mitochondrial DNA. Conclusion Asexuality is widespread in the genus Bryobia, signifying that some animal taxa do contain a high number of asexuals. We argue that asexuality originated multiple times within Bryobia. Wolbachia bacteria cause asexuality in at least two Bryobia species and may have infected different species independently. The high intraspecific clonal diversity and the patterns of paraphyly at the mitochondrial DNA in B. kissophila might be explained by a high mutation fixation rate and past hybridization events. Reproductive parasites like Wolbachia and Cardinium might influence these processes. We discuss the role these bacteria could play in the evolutionary success of asexual species

MS-222 toxicity in juvenile seabream correlates with diurnal activity, as measured by a novel video-tracking method

©2010. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Aquaculture. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.028Fish are frequently exposed to anaesthetics since their use is necessary in several aquaculture procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of day night differences in toxicity and effectiveness of a common fish anaesthetic (MS-222) in juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), determining the induction time of anaesthesia and subsequent recovery by a novel video-recording system. Our results showed that MS-222 toxicity was significantly higher at ML (mid-light) (LC50=85.5 mg/L) than at MD (mid-darkness) (LC50=107.6 mg/L) (trimmed Spearman-Karber method). In addition, when fish were exposed to a sublethal but effective MS-222 concentration (65 mg/L), 7 min passed before 50% a reduction in swimming activity was observed at ML compared to the 9 min required at MD. As regards recovery, fish showed activity levels similar to basal levels 10 min after MS-222 removal at ML, but only 6 min at MD. These results indicated that both toxicity and effectiveness were higher during the day than at night, coinciding with the diurnal activity pattern displayed by seabream, which should be taken into account when designing and applying daily protocols for anaesthesia in aquacultur

An evaluation of harm reduction Kits distrubution

The PRD Sampa (the Sampa Harm Reduction Project) was initiated in the Mental Health District of São Paulo to implement a harm reduction policy for drug and alcohol users in the city and reduce their exposure to sexually transmitted diseases - STDs and HIV. São Paulo Alcohol and Drug Psycho-social Care Centers (CAPS ad) run by the Mental Health Division of São Paulo municipality dispatched their staff to receive professional training from PRD Sampa to implement Harm Reduction Public Policy. The study was implemented from July 2003 to November 2004 in São Paulo, in order to evaluate the interventions. The presentation of the harm reduction (HR) concept at CAPS ad shed light on the complexity of the task and the impact of the service within the territory covered. After observation, training and booster meetings were designed to raise the awareness of professionals, users, families and the community.A parceria com a Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo e Organização Mundial da Saúde - KOBE Center possibilitou que a Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo investigasse as intervenções realizadas junto à população de usuários de drogas e junto aos serviços públicos municipais dirigidos a essa população, durante o período de julho de 2003 a novembro de 2004. Pesquisou-se dessa forma a implantação de estratégias de redução de danos em serviços de tratamento a usuários de drogas. A estratégia de avaliação das intervenções focou a distribuição de kits de redução de danos em serviços de tratamento da dependência química, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas da área temática de Saúde Mental do município de São Paulo - CAPS ad - cujos técnicos foram treinados pelos profissionais do projeto PRD Sampa, visando a implantação da Política de Redução de Danos. A introdução do conceito de redução de danos (RD) nos CAPS ad fez com que se compreendesse a complexidade da tarefa e o impacto no serviço e no território de abrangência. Após tal constatação, desenharam-se treinamentos e reuniões de fortalecimento para sensibilização dos profissionais, usuários, familiares e comunidade.unifespPUC/SPSecretaria Municipal da Saúde da cidade de São PauloMinistério da Saúde PN-DST/AIDSUNIFESP PROADUNAERPPRD SampaUNESCOProjeto de desenvolvimento em Redução de DanosUNIFESP, PROADSciEL

The Torre Llagostera building system

[SPA] A finales de siglo XIX surge en Cartagena una notable burguesía consecuencia de la actividad minera del entorno y del comercio portuario. La pujanza económica de estas nuevas élites tuvo un fuerte impacto en la ciudad y sus alrededores. Entre otros aspectos, levantaron suntuosas y ricas edificaciones de distinta categoría. Una de ellas fueron las villas, en general con fuerte carga modernista, construidas en las inmediaciones de la localidad como casas de recreo o esparcimiento. Esteban Llagostera y Puntí, comerciante de tejidos catalán, fue uno de los que acudió a Cartagena ante las nuevas posibilidades económicas. Asentado en la zona de la diputación del Plan, adyacente a la antigua carretera de Murcia, promovió una hermosa villa de campo conocida como “Torre Llagostera” o “Huerto de las bolas”, asociada al arquitecto Víctor Beltrí y Roqueta. Además de la calidad compositiva y riqueza ornamental de la edificación, como es el empleo de “trencadís”, la construcción presenta un sistema estructural interesante. Resulta relevante la solución empleada para sustentar la cubierta de aguas mediante cerchas de pares reforzados o contrapares, pendolón y falso tirante, inusual en la región. [ENG] At the end of the 19th century emerged in Cartagena a remarkable bourgeoisie with mining activity and port trade. The economic strength of these new elites had a strong impact on the city and its surroundings. Among other things, they built rich and sumptuous buildings of different categories. One of them were villas, generally “art noveau”, built in the vicinity of the town as houses of pleasure or recreation. Esteban Llagostera and Puntí, catalan fabrics wholesaler, was one of those who went to Cartagena to new economic possibilities. Seated in the area “diputación del Plan”, adjacent to the old road of Murcia, he promoted a beautiful countryside villa known as “Torre Llagostera” or “Huerto de las bolas”, related to the architect Víctor Beltrí y Roqueta. In addition to the building the composition quality and ornamental richness, as it is the use of “trencadís”, construction presents an interesting structural system. Is relevant the solution employed to sustain the roof using trusses of pairs reinforced or “contrapares, pendolón y falso tirante”, unusual in the region

Diversity and recombination in Wolbachia and Cardinium from Bryobia spider mites

Background Wolbachia and Cardinium are endosymbiotic bacteria infecting many arthropods and manipulating host reproduction. Although these bacteria are maternally transmitted, incongruencies between phylogenies of host and parasite suggest an additional role for occasional horizontal transmission. Consistent with this view is the strong evidence for recombination in Wolbachia, although it is less clear to what extent recombination drives diversification within single host species and genera. Furthermore, little is known concerning the population structures of other insect endosymbionts which co-infect with Wolbachia, such as Cardinium. Here, we explore Wolbachia and Cardinium strain diversity within nine spider mite species (Tetranychidae) from 38 populations, and quantify the contribution of recombination compared to point mutation in generating Wolbachia diversity. Results We found a high level of genetic diversity for Wolbachia, with 36 unique strains detected (64 investigated mite individuals). Sequence data from four Wolbachia genes suggest that new alleles are 7.5 to 11 times more likely to be generated by recombination than point mutation. Consistent with previous reports on more diverse host samples, our data did not reveal evidence for co-evolution of Wolbachia with its host. Cardinium was less frequently found in the mites, but also showed a high level of diversity, with eight unique strains detected in 15 individuals on the basis of only two genes. A lack of congruence among host and Cardinium phylogenies was observed. Conclusions We found a high rate of recombination for Wolbachia strains obtained from host species of the spider mite family Tetranychidae, comparable to rates found for horizontally transmitted bacteria. This suggests frequent horizontal transmission of Wolbachia and/or frequent horizontal transfer of single genes. Our findings strengthens earlier reports of recombination for Wolbachia, and shows that high recombination rates are also present on strains from a restrictive host range. Cardinium was found co-infecting several spider mite species, and phylogenetic comparisons suggest also horizontal transmission of Cardinium among host

Avaliação da disponibilizaçâo de Kits de redução de danos

The PRD Sampa (the Sampa Harm Reduction Project) was initiated in the Mental Health District of São Paulo to implement a harm reduction policy for drug and alcohol users in the city and reduce their exposure to sexually transmitted diseases - STDs and HIV. Sao Paulo Alcohol and Drug Psycho-social Care Centers (CAPS ad) run by the Mental Health Division of Sao Paulo municipality dispatched their staff to receive professional training from PRD Sampa to implement Harm Reduction Public Policy. The study was implemented from July 2003 to November 2004 in São Paulo, in order to evaluate the interventions. The presentation of the harm reduction (HR) concept at CAPS ad shed light on the complexity of the task and the impact of the service within the territory covered. After observation, training and booster meetings were designed to raise the awareness of professionals, users, families and the community.A parceria com a Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo e Organização Mundial da Saúde - KOBE Center possibilitou que a Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo investigasse as intervenções realizadas junto à população de usuários de drogas e junto aos serviços públicos municipais dirigidos a essa população, durante o período de julho de 2003 a novembro de 2004. Pesquisou-se dessa forma a implantação de estratégias de redução de danos em serviços de tratamento a usuários de drogas. A estratégia de avaliação das intervenções focou a distribuição de kits de redução de danos em serviços de tratamento da dependência química, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas da área temática de Saúde Mental do município de São Paulo - CAPS ad - cujos técnicos foram treinados pelos profissionais do projeto PRD Sampa, visando a implantação da Política de Redução de Danos. A introdução do conceito de redução de danos (RD) nos CAPS ad fez com que se compreendesse a complexidade da tarefa e o impacto no serviço e no território de abrangência. Após tal constatação, desenharam-se treinamentos e reuniões de fortalecimento para sensibilização dos profissionais, usuários, familiares e comunidade

Sale Of Residence In Trust: Is The Exclusion Available?

With more use of trusts, particularly revocable inter vivos trusts, the question is being raised with increasing frequency as to whether sale of the residence by the trust is eligible for the $250,000 exclusion from income ($500,000 for married taxpayers) on a joint return. The stakes are high and may influence whether a residence is placed in trust

Evaluación de propiedades físicas de los suelos agrícolas del Centro de Investigación y Producción de Santo Tomas – UTEA – Abancay – Apurímac

La esencia de la investigación fue evaluar las propiedades físicas de los suelos agrícolas, y para determinar cada componente se recurrió al uso del método de bouyoucos para textura, la estructura mediante el método comparativo, la densidad aparente por el método de cilindro, densidad real por picnómetro, porosidad a través de los resultados de la densidad aparente y densidad real, profundidad efectiva mediante observación y medición directa, y color del suelo a partir de las muestras y uso de la tabla Munssell e interpretación. El área total de investigación de 22.31 hectáreas fueron delimitadas en zona alta, media y baja, con sus respectivas parcelas, siendo la unidad de análisis una muestra de una parcela, haciendo un total de 20 muestras. Los resultados de textura predominan en la zona alta como franco arcilloso (48.886%), en la zona media y baja es arcillo arenoso de (50.00 %) y (42.86 %) respectivamente. La estructura es granular y migojosa, la densidad aparente varía de 1.66 a 1.82 gr/cm3, la densidad real en promedio de 2.20 a 2.42 gr /ml; porosidad variable, de media, alta a muy alta; profundidad efectiva de moderadamente profundos a profundo, y suelos de color marrón para toda la zona de estudio. Finalmente, se clasificó los suelos según la Clasificación de Tierras por su Capacidad de Uso Mayor en suelos aptos para cultivos permanentes en la zona alta y media, y suelos de aptitud para cultivos en limpio en la zona baj

Lateral gene transfer between prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes: ongoing and significant?

The expansion of genome sequencing projects has produced accumulating evidence for lateral transfer of genes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. However, it remains controversial whether these genes are of functional importance in their recipient host. Nikoh and Nakabachi, in a recent paper in BMC Biology, take a first step and show that two genes of bacterial origin are highly expressed in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Active gene expression of transferred genes is supported by three other recent studies. Future studies should reveal whether functional proteins are produced and whether and how these are targeted to the appropriate compartment. We argue that the transfer of genes between host and symbiont may occasionally be of great evolutionary importance, particularly in the evolution of the symbiotic interaction itself

OMA -AMO - Casa de la música de Oporto

La investigación de un “objeto arquitectónico” enlaza con los principios teóricos desde los que en ARKRIT-LAB se entiende la crítica la arquitectura: la obra antes que el autor y su descripción antes que su interpretación. Consecuentemente, se propuso estudiar un edificio relevante y considerado de gran impacto teórico y mediático, entrando primero de manera precisa en su respuesta al medio, al material, a la medida, a la morfología y a la misión -metodo M3- y proponiendo después, entre los investigadores del laboratorio diversas actividades: re exionar de manera abierta sobre las condiciones de su “arquitectura”, experimentar el edi cio, rastrear sus antecedentes e investigar en la materia concreta y en las formas utilizadas; actividades que buscaban nuevas realidades que pudieran mostrar otras visiones. En el laboratorio consideramos que como arquitectos y como críticos, no resulta super uo aprender a ver más, a oír más, a sentir más y a pensar más4. El edificio elegido para el curso 2010-2011 fue la “Casa da Musica” de Oporto, proyecto de OMA-Rem Koolhaas, siendo el texto que se convirtió en referencia para la primera aproximación el titulado “Otra Modernidad” de Rafael Moneo. Texto en el que se describe el proyecto como encarnación de los nuevos atributos de la arquitectura contemporánea5. “Otra Modernidad” entendida desde la Modernidad, como frontera considerada por Antonio Miranda como referente de progreso y faro de toda acción arquitectónica. Modernidad como anhelo de una sociedad nueva más justa