Biochemistry and localization of somatostatin in the retina

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27481/1/0000524.pd

A climate-sensitive forest model for assessing impacts of forest management in Europe

FORMIT-M is a widely applicable, open-access, simple and flexible, climate-sensitive forest management simulator requiring only standard forest inventory data as input. It combines a process-based carbon balance approach with a strong inventory-based empirical component. The model has been linked to the global forest sector model EFI-GTM to secure consistency between timber cutting and demand, although prescribed harvest scenarios can also be used. Here we introduce the structure of the model and demonstrate its use with example simulations until the end of the 21st century in Europe, comparing different management scenarios in different regions under climate change. The model was consistent with country-level statistics of growing stock volumes (R-2=0.938) and its projections of climate impact on growth agreed with other studies. The management changes had a greater impact on growing stocks, harvest potential and carbon balance than projected climate change, at least in the absence of increased disturbance rates.Peer reviewe

Estrategias para incrementar la participación en programas agroambientales: el papel del capital social

[EN] The voluntary nature of agri-environmental programmes makes their success contingent on the adoption decision by farmers. This is a complex decision which cannot be explained in terms of a single construct. This paper extends the modelling of the selection of the best farm management option in the presence of agri-environmental programmes to consider explicitly the role of social capital, investigating both its structural and cognitive dimensions. The results support the idea that technical aspects alone are not sufficient to explain how best farm management plans are selected and suggest that social capital influences this decision both for low and high change requirement measures.[ES] El carácter voluntario de los programas agroambientales hace que su éxito dependa del grado de aceptación por parte de los agricultores. La decisión de participación es compleja, ya que está condicionada por una gran variedad de factores. Este estudio amplía el análisis de la elección de la mejor alternativa de gestión para una explotación agraria en presencia de programas agroambientales analizando de manera explícita el papel que juega el capital social. Los resultados señalan la importancia de este concepto, tanto en medidas con escasos requisitos de cambio como en medidas más exigentes para los agricultores.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el INIA-MICINN y los fondos FEDER en el marco del proyecto DISOPTIPOL(RTA2005-0020). JBH realizó este trabajo mientras estaba contratado por el programa de incorporación de doctores al sistema INIA-CCAA, parcialmente financiado por el Fondo Social Europeo. Los autores quieren agradecer los comentarios realizados por dos revisores anónimos y el comité editorial a la versión original remitida a la revista. Dichos comentarios han permitido mejorar la presentación del artículo publicado, por supuesto, cualquier error que persista en éste es responsabilidad única de los autores.Barreiro-Hurlé, J.; Espinosa-Goded, M.; Dupraz, P. (2011). Strategies to increase participation in agri-environmental programmes: The role of social capital. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 9(2):3-26. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2009.02.01SWORD3269

Biological characteristics and treatment outcomes of metastatic or recurrent neuroendocrine tumors: tumor grade and metastatic site are important for treatment strategy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies about the biology, treatment pattern, and treatment outcome of metastatic/recurrent neuroendocrine tumor (NET) have been few.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We enrolled patients with metastatic/recurrent NET diagnosed between January 1996 and July 2007 and retrospectively analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 103 patients were evaluated. Twenty-six patients (25.2%) had pancreatic NET, 27 (26.2%) had gastrointestinal NET, 2 (1.9%) had lung NET, 28 (27.2%) had NET from other sites, and 20 (19.4%) had NET from unknown origin. The liver was the most common metastatic site (68.9%). Thirty-four patients had grade 1 disease, 1 (1.0%) had grade 2 disease, 15 (14.6%) had grade 3 disease, 9 (8.7%) had large cell disease, and 7 (6.8%) had small cell disease.</p> <p>Sixty-six patients received systemic treatment (interferon, somatostatin analogues or chemotherapy), 64 patients received local treatment (TACE, radiofrequency ablation, metastasectomy, etc.). Thirty-six patients received both systemic and local treatments.</p> <p>Median overall survival (OS) was 29.0 months (95% confidence interval, 25.0-33.0) in the103 patients. OS was significantly influenced by grade (<it>p </it>= .001). OS was 43.0, 23.0, and 29.0 months in patients who received local treatment only, systemic treatment only, and both treatments, respectively (<it>p </it>= .245). The median time-to-progression (TTP) was 6.0 months. Overall response rate was 34.0% and disease-control rate was 64.2%. TTP was influenced by the presence of liver metastasis (<it>p </it>= .011).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>OS of metastatic/recurrent NET was different according to tumor grade. TTP was different according to metastasis site. Therefore, development of optimal treatment strategy based on the characteristics of NET is warranted.</p