83 research outputs found
Internet usage, frequency and intensity in old age during the COVID-19 pandemic - a case study for Switzerland
IntroductionThis study examines the digital divide among older adults in Switzerland within the rapidly evolving digital environment. It investigates changes in internet usage among this population, focusing on the proportion of users, frequency, and the intensity of their internet usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsDrawing on Swiss data from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement (SHARE), conducted in 2021, the study analyzes a sample of 1,205 older adults.ResultsThe findings indicate a growing proportion of internet users over time. It also highlights that gender differences persist but are decreasing. Notably, around 9% of individuals in this study had never used the internet, while recent users exhibited high activity levels, spending an average of approximately two and a half hours online daily. The study identified age, education, employment, living arrangements, and attitudes toward technology as influential factors shaping internet usage among older adults. Importantly, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant impact on internet adoption among this demographic.DiscussionThese findings shed light on the complex dynamics that shape internet usage among older adults and underscore the need to promote digital inclusion and engagement within this population
Coping With Covidâ19: Older Europeans and the Challenges of Connectedness and Loneliness
Social networks are important for wellâbeing and healthy aging. However, older adults are more likely to have less social contact with others than their younger counterparts due to significant changes in their lives, such as retirement or ageârelated losses, along with declining health and mobility. Consequently, with increasing age, a growing proportion of people experience feelings of loneliness. This becomes even more important during pandemics when social contact should be minimized. Therefore, this article examines the extent and patterns of loneliness before and during the first two years of the Covidâ19 pandemic and how social contact and the type of communication affected levels of loneliness during the pandemic. To investigate loneliness, social contact, and their association during the pandemic, this study uses representative data from 27 countries from SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe). The analyses are based on a balanced panel covering three consecutive waves with 28,448 respondents aged 50 years or older. The results indicate that three out of ten Europeans face loneliness in later life. While loneliness has increased for a significant part of the elderly in the wake of the pandemic, there has also been a reverse trend in terms of a decrease in feelings of loneliness for an almost equal proportion of people. Additionally, multivariate analyses highlight that nonpersonal communication cannot substitute faceâtoâface interaction and can potentially increase feelings of loneliness
Familie als Netzwerk? Hilfen jenseits von Haushaltsgrenzen
Die viel thematisierte und diskutierte âKrise der Familieâ hat zahlreiche Gesichter. Angehörige, so wird behauptet, gehen verstĂ€rkt eigene Wege, ein verlĂ€sslicher Zusammenhalt sei kaum erkennbar, Partner trennen sich, Eltern und Kinder stĂŒnden entweder in permanentem Konflikt oder hĂ€tten sich nichts mehr zu sagen. Dies gilt besonders fĂŒr FamilienverhĂ€ltnisse, die durch getrennte Haushalte geprĂ€gt sind. Einerseits steigt der Bedarf an UnterstĂŒtzung, andererseits zeigen sich zunehmende Herausforderungen und Unsicherheiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Familie heutzutage ĂŒberhaupt als soziales Netzwerk begriffen werden kann, und zwar vor allem, wenn die Angehörigen nicht (mehr) im selben Haushalt leben. Der Beitrag widmet sich funktionalen UnterstĂŒtzungsleistungen in Form von Zeit und Geld. In welchem AusmaĂ zeigen sich zeitliche und finanzielle Transfers ĂŒber Haushaltsgrenzen hinweg? Dabei wird zwischen Eltern, Kindern, anderen Verwandten, Freunden, Arbeitskollegen und Bekannten unterschieden. Einbezogen sind a) praktische Hilfen im Haushalt und Garten, bei Reparaturen oder beim Einkaufen, b) bĂŒrokratische Hilfen z.B. beim AusfĂŒllen von Formularen, c) persönliche Pflege, d) Kinderbetreuung sowie e) finanzielle UnterstĂŒtzungen mittels Geld- oder Sachgeschenken.Die empirischen Befunde fĂŒr 14 europĂ€ische LĂ€nder einschlieĂlich Deutschlands basieren auf dem Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Sie belegen, dass auch jenseits von Haushaltsgrenzen ein groĂes MaĂ an sozialer Verbundenheit existiert. Vor allem Eltern und (erwachsene) Kinder ĂŒbernehmen Verantwortung und sorgen fĂŒreinander. Andere Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen und Nichtverwandte sind als soziale UnterstĂŒtzungsnetzwerke ebenfalls relevant, aber im Vergleich mit den Familiengenerationen weniger ausgeprĂ€gt
Relations with Parents: Questions and Results
This book offers essential information on relations between adults and their parents. How well do the generations get along with one another? What kinds of support do adults provide to their parents, and how much do parents give to their adult children? How often does tension or conflict arise? What impact do education, finances, age, gender, migration and region have on intergenerational relationships? The study examines both current relationships with living parents and past ties to mothers and fathers who have passed away.
The empirical basis is SwissGen, a representative survey of intergenerational relations in Switzerland. This book forms a tandem with the analysis volume, which examines central generational issues in depth (âGenerationen zwischen Konflikt und Zusammenhaltâ / âGenerations between Conflict and Cohesionâ). The analysis volume offers key findings, whereas the volume at hand documents all questions and answers of the survey. This includes the numbers on which the figures in the analysis volume are based. Moreover, the data volume is a general reference book for all SwissGen results and provides basic information on the research project
Migration und Generation: SolidaritĂ€t ĂŒber LĂ€ndergrenzen?
Familiengenerationen zeichnen sich im Allgemeinen durch eine starke, lebenslange Verbundenheit bis ins hohe Alter aus, und sie spielen darĂŒber hinaus eine zentrale Rolle in Krisenzeiten und kritischen Lebenssituationen. Gerade in Zeiten von Globalisierung und Transnationalisierung stellt sich allerdings zunehmend die Frage, inwiefern dieser Familienzusammenhalt auch ĂŒber LĂ€ndergrenzen hinweg besteht. Wie sind transnationale Generationenbeziehungen und -netzwerke organisiert? Existiert weit reichende SolidaritĂ€t auch â bzw. gerade â wenn die Familienmitglieder nicht mehr in derselben Umgebung oder sogar nicht mehr im selben Land leben? Diese Fragen sind besonders relevant, wenn Ă€ltere Eltern auf UnterstĂŒtzungsbedarf angewiesen und ihre erwachsenen Kinder in ein anderes Land migriert sind. Bleiben enge Generationenbande auch dann bestehen, und stehen die Kinder tatsĂ€chlich fĂŒr ihre weit entfernt lebenden Eltern ein, möglicherweise sogar noch stĂ€rker als dies bei einheimischen Familien der Fall ist? Gleichzeitig ist hierbei nach unterschiedlichen UnterstĂŒtzungsformen zu unterscheiden, also insbesondere der so genannten funktionalen GenerationensolidaritĂ€t in Form von Geld und Zeit.Um die ZusammenhĂ€nge zwischen Migration und GenerationensolidaritĂ€t nĂ€her zu beleuchten, werden auf Basis des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) 14 europĂ€ische LĂ€nder in den Blick genommen. Dabei wird das finanzielle und zeitliche Transferverhalten von ĂŒber 50jĂ€hrigen an ihre Eltern analysiert. Es wird einerseits untersucht, inwiefern sich Migrantinnen und Migranten von Einheimischen bei der Art und dem AusmaĂ familialer GenerationensolidaritĂ€t unterscheiden. Lassen sich spezielle Transfermuster an die Elterngeneration ĂŒber LĂ€ndergrenzen ausmachen? Andererseits geht es um die Frage, inwiefern hierbei Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Migrantengruppen existieren und worauf sich mögliche Differenzen zurĂŒckfĂŒhren lassen
Wer hat, dem wird gegeben?
Die UnterstĂŒtzung von Eltern an ihre Kinder endet lĂ€ngst nicht mit dem Auszug aus dem Elternhaus. Im Gegenteil lassen sich vielfĂ€ltige Formen der so genannten GenerationensolidaritĂ€t auch bei Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen finden, die nicht im gleichen Haushalt leben. Allerdings wissen wir noch vergleichsweise wenig ĂŒber den Einfluss von sozialer Ungleichheit auf SolidaritĂ€t in Familiennetzwerken ĂŒber Haushaltsgrenzen hinweg. Inwiefern beeinflusst soziale Ungleichheit die intergenerationale SolidaritĂ€t im Erwachsenenalter? Kann man davon sprechen, dass sich soziale Ungleichheit in Familiennetzwerken intergenerational durch ungleiche SolidaritĂ€t manifestiert oder sogar vergröĂert?
Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der Beitrag intergenerationale Geldtransfers im Kontext von sozialer Ungleichheit auf Basis des âSurvey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europeâ (SHARE). Die Analysen berĂŒcksichtigen eine Drei-Generationenperspektive und behandeln die Weitergabe verschiedener Arten monetĂ€rer Transfers in Familiennetzwerken, und zwar in Form von Geld, Sachgeschenken und WertgegenstĂ€nden zu Lebzeiten oder in Form von Erbschaften in 16 europĂ€ischen LĂ€ndern.
Die multivariaten Mehrebenenanalysen zeigen, dass es zu einer Zementierung von sozialer Ungleichheit ĂŒber Generationen hinweg kommt und damit eine Kumulation von Vor- bzw. Nachteilen im Lebenslauf beobachtet werden kann. Geld und Vermögen bleibt mehrheitlich in den höheren Schichten und wird auch bei rĂ€umlich getrennten Familiennetzwerken von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben. Höher gebildete und wohlhabendere Eltern, die in der Regel selber aus höheren Schichten stammen, unterstĂŒtzen ihre eigenen Kinder wiederum selber hĂ€ufiger finanziell, und zwar obwohl diese selber meistens finanziell auf Grund einer höheren Bildung bessergestellt sind. Das MatthĂ€us-Prinzip «Wer hat, dem wird gegeben» spiegelt gut das finanzielle Transferverhalten in europĂ€ischen familialen Netzwerken wider, und dies ĂŒber mehrere Generationen hinweg
Help From and Help to Neighbors Among Older Adults in Europe
Neighborhoods can be a valuable source of social support particularly for older adults. Such support can be mutual; however, the influential factors in giving and receiving are unclear. This study investigated neighborhood help among the older European population using representative data for 17 countries from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The analyses were based on 104,059 observations of 39,113 respondents aged 50 years and older. In general, ~6% of all respondents provided recently neighborhood help, and 4% received help. Moreover, the results indicate a high degree of reciprocity in giving and receiving neighborhood help. However, the situation varied widely among age groups and countries. Our multilevel results suggest that the provision and receipt of help are driven by personal characteristics (age, sex, education, income, and retirement), health resources (subjective health, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living), living situation (homeownership, location, and length of time in a residence), social factors (marital status, partner, parents, and children), and contextual factors (gross domestic product, social expenditures, poverty rate, Gini index, population density, country-centered satisfaction with life, living, and relationships)
Case Report: Clinical Use of a Patient-Individual Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Stereotactic Navigation Device for Brain Biopsies in Three Dogs
Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for patient-individual medicine has found its
way into veterinary neurosurgery. Because of the high accuracy of 3D printed specific
neurosurgical navigation devices, it seems to be a safe and reliable option to use patient-
individual constructions for sampling brain tissue. Due to the complexity and vulnerability
of the brain a particularly precise and safe procedure is required. In a recent cadaver
study a better accuracy for the 3D printed MRI-based patient individual stereotactic
brain biopsy device for dogs is determined compared to the accuracies of other biopsy
systems which are currently used in veterinary medicine. This case report describes
the clinical use of this 3D printed MRI-based patient individual brain biopsy device for
brain sampling in three dogs. The system was characterized by a simple handling.
Furthermore, it was an effective and reliable tool to gain diagnostic brain biopsy samples
in dogs with no significant side effects
Preparation and purification of organic samples for selenium isotope studies
Selenium (Se) is an important micronutrient but also a strong toxin with a narrow tolerance range for many organisms. As such, a globally heterogeneous Se distribution in soils is responsible for various disease patterns (i.e. Se excess and deficiency) and environmental problems, whereby plants play a key role for the Se entrance into the biosphere. Selenium isotope variations were proved to be a powerful tracer for redox processes and are therefore promising for the exploration of the species dependent Se metabolism in plants and the Se cycling within the Critical Zone. Plant cultivation setups enable systematic controlled investigations, but samples derived from themâplant tissue and phytoagarâare particularly challenging and require specific preparation and purification steps to ensure precise and valid Se isotope analytics performed with HG-MC-ICP-MS. In this study, different methods for the entire process from solid tissue preparation to Se isotope measurements were tested, optimized and validated. A particular microwave digestion procedure for plant tissue and a vacuum filtration method for phytoagar led to full Se recoveries, whereby unfavorable organic residues were reduced to a minimum. Three purification methods predominantly described in the literature were systematically tested with pure Se solution, high concentrated multi-element standard solution as well as plant and phytoagar as target matrices. All these methods efficiently remove critical matrix elements, but differ in Se recovery and organic residues. Validation tests doping Se-free plant material and phytoagar with a reference material of known Se isotope composition revealed the high impact of organic residues on the accuracy of MC-ICP-MS measurements. Only the purification method with no detectable organic residues, hydride generation and trapping, results in valid mass bias correction for plant samples with an average deviation to true ÎŽ82/76Se values of 0.2 â° and a reproducibility (2 SD) of ± 0.2 â°. For phytoagar this test yields a higher deviation of 1.1 â° from the true value and a 2 SD of ± 0.1 â°. The application of the developed methods to cultivated plants shows sufficient accuracy and precision and is a promising approach to resolve plant internal Se isotope fractionations, for which respective ÎŽ82/76Se values of +2.3 to +3.5 â° for selenate and +1.2 to +1.9 â° for selenite were obtained
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