Épica, crónicas y genealogías. En torno a la historicidad de la Leyenda de los infantes de Lara

[ES] Este trabajo analiza la historicidad de la narración épica conocida como Leyenda de los Infantes de Lara. Frente a la visión tradicional, que atribuía a este relato una gran fidelidad a los hechos históricos, se sugiere una imagen más compleja, que mezcla elementos nuevos y más antiguos: 1) Un posible núcleo histórico consistente en la historia de Ruy Velázquez; 2) Una parte más compacta formada por la trama de la venganza de sangre, que enlaza la traición con la venganza de Mudarra. Frente a la idea tradicional de que la venganza es una completa ficción elaborada mucho tiempo después, se sugiere que traición y venganza constituyen una unidad lógica, aunque no se relacione con hechos históricos concretos. Es muy probable que el núcleo central de la leyenda, tal y como nos ha llegado, sea más bien un conjunto amplio de temas y motivos entretejidos con hechos históricos más o menos desfigurados. Finalmente, todas estas piezas cobran sentido en su contexto geográfico: la leyenda parece estar reflejando un conflicto entre Lara y Salas, leído desde el punto de vista de Salas, con una clara hostilidad hacia Lara.Peer reviewe

Diannexin Protects against Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and Targets Phosphatidylserines in Ischemic Tissue

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) frequently complicates shock, renal transplantation and cardiac and aortic surgery, and has prognostic significance. The translocation of phosphatidylserines to cell surfaces is an important pro-inflammatory signal for cell-stress after IRI. We hypothesized that shielding of exposed phosphatidylserines by the annexin A5 (ANXA5) homodimer Diannexin protects against renal IRI. Protective effects of Diannexin on the kidney were studied in a mouse model of mild renal IRI. Diannexin treatment before renal IRI decreased proximal tubule damage and leukocyte influx, decreased transcription and expression of renal injury markers Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and improved renal function. A mouse model of ischemic hind limb exercise was used to assess Diannexin biodistribution and targeting. When comparing its biodistribution and elimination to ANXA5, Diannexin was found to have a distinct distribution pattern and longer blood half-life. Diannexin targeted specifically to the ischemic muscle and its affinity exceeded that of ANXA5. Targeting of both proteins was inhibited by pre-treatment with unlabeled ANXA5, suggesting that Diannexin targets specifically to ischemic tissues via phosphatidylserine-binding. This study emphasizes the importance of phosphatidylserine translocation in the pathophysiology of IRI. We show for the first time that Diannexin protects against renal IRI, making it a promising therapeutic tool to prevent IRI in a clinical setting. Our results indicate that Diannexin is a potential new imaging agent for the study of phosphatidylserine-exposing organs in vivo

Circulating Precursor Levels of Endothelin-1 and Adrenomedullin, Two Endothelium-Derived, Counteracting Substances, in Sepsis

Plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (ADM), two opposingly acting peptides, correlate with mortality in endotoxemia, but their measurement is cumbersome. New sandwich assays have been introduced that measure more stable precursor fragments. The objective of this study was to investigate the counterplay of their precursor peptides in septic patients and to compare them with disease severity and other biomarkers. Blood samples of an observational study in 95 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were analyzed. CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM concentrations on admission were measured using new sandwich immunoassays. Depending on the clinical severity of the infection, both CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM levels exhibited a gradual increase from Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) to sepsis and septic shock (p < .001). Compared to the group of survivors, the group of non-survivors had higher median values of MR-proADM (5.7 nmol/L [range 0.4 to 21.0] versus 1.9 nmol/L [range 0.3 to 17.1], p < .02) and similar CT-proET-1 levels (56.0pmol/L [range 0.5 to 271.0] versus 54.1pmol/L [range 1.0 to 506.0], p = .86). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed a higher prognostic accuracy of the calculated ratio of both counteracting substances as compared to CT-proET-1 (p = 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = .001) and in the range of MR-proADM (p = .51), procalcitonin (p = 0.22), and the APACHE II score (p = .61). Endothelin-1 and adrenomedullin precursor peptides gradually increase with increasing severities of infection in critically ill patients. The ratio of the two counteracting peptides correlates with mortality and shows aprognostic accuracy to predict adverse outcome comparable to the APACHE II score

Горизонтальные классификаторы. Основы теории и расчета: моногр.

Приведены технологические схемы получения строительных песков при гидромеханизированной добыче, основные конструктивные схемы классификаторов, используемых при получении строительных песков. Особое внимание уделено изучению процесса взаимодействия проточной части горизонтального классификатора с совокупностью твердых частиц, расположенных в горизонтальном ускоренном потоке несущей среды. Выполнено математическое моделирование ускоренного движения горизонтального потока и твердых частиц в пределах разнонаклонных поверхностей горизонтального классификатора. Экспериментально изучено гравитационное осаждение твердых частиц, рассмотренное в виде вертикальной и горизонтальной составляющих, а также влияние стесненности движения и перемещения твердых частиц относительно несущего горизонтального потока. Приведена методика расчета и выбора параметров классификаторов, информация об опыте проектирования и внедрения горизонтальных классификаторов в составе добычных комплексов при освоении обводненных месторождений песков. Монография может быть полезна студентам, инженерно-техническим работникам, сотрудникам высших учебных заведений, научно-исследовательских институтов и проектных организаций горной промышленности

Impact of lifelong exercise training on endothelial ischemia-reperfusion and ischemic preconditioning in humans.

Reperfusion is essential for ischemic tissue survival, but causes additional damage to the endothelium (i.e. ischemia-reperfusion [IR] injury). Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) refers to short repetitive episodes of ischemia that can protect against IR. However, IPC efficacy attenuates with older age. Whether physical inactivity contributes to the attenuated efficacy of IPC to protect against IR injury in older humans is unclear. We tested the hypotheses that lifelong exercise training relates to 1) attenuated endothelial IR and 2) maintained IPC efficacy that protects veteran athletes against endothelial IR. In 18 sedentary male individuals (SED, 20 years, 63±7 years) and 20 veteran male athletes (ATH, >5 exercise hours/week for >20 years, 63±6 years), we measured brachial artery endothelial function with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after IR. We induced IR by 20-minutes of ischemia followed by 20-minutes of reperfusion. Randomized over 2 days, participants underwent either 35-minute rest or IPC (3 cycles of 5-minutes cuff inflation to 220 mmHg with 5-minutes of rest) before IR. In SED, FMD decreased after IR (median [interquartile range]): (3.0% [2.0-4.7] to 2.1% [1.5-3.9], P=0.046) and IPC did not prevent this decline (4.1% [2.6-5.2] to 2.8% [2.2-3.6],P=0.012). In ATH, FMD was preserved after IR (3.0% [1.7-5.4] to 3.0% [1.9-4.1], P=0.82) and when IPC preceded IR (3.2% [1.9-4.2] to 2.8% [1.4-4.6],P=0.18). These findings indicate that lifelong exercise training is associated with increased tolerance against endothelial IR. These protective, preconditioning effects of lifelong exercise against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion may contribute to the cardio-protective effects of exercise training

Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are used to enable a number of modern devices, including mobile telecommunications infrastructure and phones, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. As radiofrequency EMFs at sufficiently high power levels can adversely affect health, ICNIRP published Guidelines in 1998 for human exposure to time-varying EMFs up to 300 GHz, which included the radiofrequency EMF spectrum. Since that time, there has been a considerable body of science further addressing the relation between radiofrequency EMFs and adverse health outcomes, as well as significant developments in the technologies that use radiofrequency EMFs. Accordingly, ICNIRP has updated the radiofrequency EMF part of the 1998 Guidelines. This document presents these revised Guidelines, which provide protection for humans from exposure to EMFs from 100 kHz to 300 GHz

Outcome measurement instruments for peripheral vascular malformations and an assessment of the measurement properties: a systematic review

© 2019, The Author(s). Purpose: The Outcome measures for vascular malformation (OVAMA) group reached consensus on the core outcome domains for the core outcome set (COS) for peripheral vascular malformations (venous, lymphatic and arteriovenous malformations). However, it is unclear which instruments should be used to measure these domains. Therefore, our aims were to identify all outcome measurement instruments available for vascular malformations, and to evaluate their measurement properties. Methods: With the first literature search, we identified outcomes and instruments previously used in prospective studies on vascular malformations. A second search yielded studies on measurement properties of patient- and physician-reported instruments that were either developed for vascular malformations, or used in prospective studies. If the latter instruments were not specifically validated for vascular malformations, we performed a third search for studies on measurement properties in clinically similar diseases (vascular or lymphatic diseases and benign tumors). We assessed the methodological quality of these studies following the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments methodology, and evaluated the quality of the measurement properties. Results: The first search yielded 27 studies, none using disease-specific instruments. The second and third search included 22 development and/or validation studies, concerning six instruments. Only the Lymphatic Malformation Function Instrument was developed specifically for vascular malformations. Other instruments were generic QoL instruments developed and/or partly validated for clinically similar diseases. Conclusions: Additional research on measurement properties is needed to assess which instruments may be included in the COS. This review informs the instrument selection and/or the development of new instruments. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, 42017056242

Immunological parameters in girls with Turner syndrome

Disturbances in the immune system has been described in Turner syndrome, with an association to low levels of IgG and IgM and decreased levels of T- and B-lymphocytes. Also different autoimmune diseases have been connected to Turner syndrome (45, X), thyroiditis being the most common. Besides the typical features of Turner syndrome (short stature, failure to enter puberty spontaneously and infertility due to ovarian insufficiency) ear problems are common (recurrent otitis media and progressive sensorineural hearing disorder). Levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and the four IgG subclasses as well as T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations were investigated in 15 girls with Turners syndrome to examine whether an immunodeficiency may be the cause of their high incidence of otitis media. No major immunological deficiency was found that could explain the increased incidence of otitis media in the young Turner girls