Influence of Dilute Acetic Acid Treatments on American Pondweed Winter Buds in the Nevada Irrigation District, California

American pondweed ( Potamogeton nodosus Poir.) is commonly found in northern California irrigation canals. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure of American pondweed winter buds to dilute acetic acid under field conditions would result in reduced subsequent biomass

THE USE OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE INDUSTRIAL MASONRY CHIMNEY VERTICALITY

Abstract. This paper presents a strategy to measure verticality deviations (i.e. inclination) of tall chimneys. The method uses laser scanning point clouds acquired around the chimney to estimate vertical deviations with millimeter-level precision. Horizontal slices derived from the point cloud allows us to inspect the geometry of the chimney at different heights. Two methods able to estimate the center at different levels are illustrated and discussed. A first solution is a manual approach that uses traditional CAD software, in which circle fitting is manually carried out through point cloud slices. The second method is instead automatic and provides not only center coordinates, but also statistics to evaluate metric quality. Two case studies are used to explain the procedures for the digital survey and the measurement of vertical deviations: the chimney in the old slaughterhouse of Piacenza (Italy), and the chimney in Leonardo Campus at Politecnico di Milano (Italy).</p

Historic bim: A new repository for structural health monitoring

Recent developments in Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies are facilitating the management of historic complex structures using new applications. This paper proposes a generative method combining the morphological and typological aspects of the historic buildings (H-BIM), with a set of monitoring information. This combination of 3D digital survey, parametric modelling and monitoring datasets allows for the development of a system for archiving and visualizing structural health monitoring (SHM) data (Fig. 1). The availability of a BIM database allows one to integrate a different kind of data stored in different ways (e.g. reports, tables, graphs, etc.) with a representation directly connected to the 3D model of the structure with appropriate levels of detail (LoD). Data can be interactively accessed by selecting specific objects of the BIM, i.e. connecting the 3D position of the sensors installed with additional digital documentation. Such innovative BIM objects, which form a new BIM family for SHM, can be then reused in other projects, facilitating data archiving and exploitation of data acquired and processed. The application of advanced modeling techniques allows for the reduction of time and costs of the generation process, and support cooperation between different disciplines using a central workspace. However, it also reveals new challenges for parametric software and exchange formats. The case study presented is the medieval bridge Azzone Visconti in Lecco (Italy), in which multi-Temporal vertical movements during load testing were integrated into H-BIM

CONNECTING INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THROUGH 360° IMAGERY FOR CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Abstract. Metric documentation of buildings requires the connection of different spaces, such as rooms, corridors, floors, and interior and exterior spaces. Images and laser scans have to be oriented and registered to obtain accurate metric data about different areas and the related metric information (e.g., wall thickness). A robust registration can be obtained with total station measurements, especially when a geodetic network with multiple intersections on different station points is available. In the case of a photogrammetric project with several images acquired with a central perspective camera, the lack of total station measurements (i.e., control and check points) could result in a weak orientation for the limited overlap between images acquired through doors and windows. The procedure presented in this paper is based on 360&amp;deg; images acquired with an affordable digital camera (less than 350$). The large field of view of 360&amp;deg; images allows one to simultaneously capture different rooms as well as indoor and outdoor spaces, which will be visible in just a picture. This could provide a more robust orientation of multiple images acquired through narrow spaces. A combined bundle block adjustment that integrates central perspective and spherical images is here proposed and discussed. Additional considerations on the integration of fisheye images are discussed as well.</p

Digital Documentation in Narrow Burial Spaces Using a 360° Borescope Prototype

This paper illustrates and discusses a novel method for the digital documentation of human remains in narrow spaces. A 360° borescope prototype made up of a panoramic camera and a lighting LED system was designed and assembled to acquire data in confined spaces for photogrammetric processing. A series of laboratory experiments were planned to assess the method’s validity. A modern concrete tunnel and a mock grave were surveyed using surveying instruments and a laser scanner, comparing the results with the borescope prototype. Then, data acquisition was moved to the field, i.e., in a real case study. Two burial vaults in a church containing human remains were selected and surveyed. The remains were accessible only from small breaches. The results show that using the 360° borescope is suitable for documenting narrow/confined spaces with minimum alteration of the scene. This result can be of interest for archaeological and forensic purposes, especially when the context is hardly accessible, with minimal intervention on the scene

considerations on the use of digital tools for documenting ancient wall graffiti

Abstract. Ancient graffiti are a valuable and constant historical evidence through the human history, regardless from the geographic area or historical period. They can be found on different kinds of surfaces and in different contexts, such as religious building or civic structures, in public or private environments. Their study and comprehension need to be grounded on good and complete documentation techniques. The application of accurate recording methods is even more important for ancient graffiti, for a series of reasons. First of all, their perception is often less immediate than other historical or artistic evidence, and directly depends on external aspects, such as the lighting conditions, and personal skills. Moreover, their interpretation is often challenging also for expert scholars, so as to require both the most objective reproduction possible and the personal interpretation of the scholar. As a case study, several late medieval graffiti scratched on frescos have been documented with digital methods. Results will be presented and discussed. This paper will mainly focus on graffiti scratched on frescos or plaster, and not on petroglyphs, i.e. marks and drawings on rock surfaces.</p

Lumpability of linear evolution equations in banach spaces

We analyze the lumpability of linear systems on Banach spaces, namely, the possibility of projecting the dynamics by a linear reduction opera-tor onto a smaller state space in which a self-contained dynamical description exists. We obtain conditions for lumpability of dynamics defined by unbounded operators using the theory of strongly continuous semigroups. We also derive results from the dual space point of view using sun dual theory. Furthermore, we connect the theory of lumping to several results from operator factoriza-tion. We indicate several applications to particular systems, including delay differential equations. © 2017, American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. All rights reserved

360° IMAGE ORIENTATION AND RECONSTRUCTION WITH CAMERA POSITIONS CONSTRAINED BY GNSS MEASUREMENTS

Photogrammetric applications using 360° images are becoming more and more popular in different fields, such as cultural heritage documentation of narrow spaces; civil, architectural, and environmental projects like tunnel surveying; mapping of urban city centres, etc. The popularity of 360° photogrammetry relates to the high productivity of the acquisition phase, giving the opportunity to capture the entire scene around the user in a relatively short time. On the other hand, the photogrammetric workflow needs ground control points (GCPs), well distributed over the survey area, to georeference the produced 3D data. Placing, measuring on-field, and identifying GCP on images is time-consuming and sometimes even not feasible due to environmental conditions. While effective solutions exist for UAV-based projects, direct georeferencing and GNSS assisted photogrammetry is still not fully exploited for ground-based acquisitions. This paper aims at presenting a solution coupling 360° images and high-precision GNSS systems for direct georeferencing of outdoor projects without the need for manually measuring GCPs. Three different acquisition modes for 360° images and GNSS data are presented, and orientation results are compared with manually measured Check Points

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity : time for sifting the grain

In the last few years, a new nomenclature has been proposed for the disease induced by the ingestion of gluten, a protein present in wheat, rice, barley and oats. Besides celiac disease and wheat allergy, the most studied forms of gluten-related disorders characterized by an evident immune mechanism (autoimmune in celiac disease and IgE-mediated in wheat allergy), a new entity has been included, apparently not driven by an aberrant immune response: the non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). NCGS is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical picture with intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms arising after gluten ingestion and rapidly improving after its withdrawal from the diet. The pathogenesis of NCGS is largely unknown, but a mixture of factors such as the stimulation of the innate immune system, the direct cytotoxic effects of gluten, and probably the synergy with other wheat molecules, are clues for the complicated puzzle. In addition, the diagnostic procedures still remain problematic due to the absence of efficient diagnostic markers; thus, diagnosis is based upon the symptomatic response to a gluten-free diet and the recurrence of symptoms after gluten reintroduction with the possibility of an important involvement of a placebo effect. The temporary withdrawal of gluten seems a reasonable therapy, but the timing of gluten reintroduction and the correct patient management approach are have not yet been determined

COMBINED GEOMETRIC AND THERMAL ANALYSIS FROM UAV PLATFORMS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION

The aim of this work is to study the value and potential of UAV technology as an instrument for documenting and analyzing a heritage site on both the detailed scale and the wider territorial scale. In particular, this paper will focus on the application of an UAV platform on the archeological site of Isola Comacina (Comacina Island), in the Lago di Como (Lake Como, Lombardy, Northern Italy). The work considers the advantages of different metric scales and the use of both RGB and thermal imagery, along with other terrestrial data (total station measurements and laser scans), in order to arrive at a working heritage information model. In particular, the archaeological remains on Isola Comacina have been intensively studied before by standard techniques but unfortunately no wider context is provided. A part of the research is the investigation of new methodologies offered by accurate geometric reconstructions combined with thermal imagery acquired by means of UAV platforms, e.g. the support of this type of imagery to discover rock formations partially buried