Land transport accidents: motorcycles as a public health problem

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for Land Transport Accidents, involving motorbikes, between the years 2011 to 2020, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Method: This is a descriptive epidemiological study with data from the Hospital Information System. Descriptive methods of analysis were used, with rates expressed in absolute numbers, relative frequency and weighted by population. Results: The results indicate that young white males concentrate the highest rates of hospitalizations in the state. They also suggest an increase of cases between the months of October and March, besides presenting the highest hospital mortality rates in the southern macro-region of the state. Conclusion: The knowledge of the profile of hospitalizations involved in these accidents can help in the structuring of strategies appropriate to local realities, with the aim of reducing accidents, damage to health, suffering and treatment costs

Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis

The use of pesticides in the soybean crop may impair the biological control, if the products are not selective to Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, which are important stink bug egg parasitoids. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of 15 pesticides registered for soybean crop on adults of T. podisi and T. basalis. Three laboratory bioassays were performed, totaling 18 treatments, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The insecticides (g or mL of a.i.) imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (0.25 + 0.03), deltamethrin (0.06), thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.27 + 0.35), acephate (1.87) and fenitrothion (1.25) are harmful to both parasitoids species. Flubendiamide (1.20), diflubenzuron (2.00), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.08) and lufenuron (0.12) are innocuous to both parasitoids. The fungicides azoxystrobin + flutriafol (0.31 + 0.31), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (0.37 + 0.44), pyraclostrobin + metconazole (0.33 + 0.12) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole (0.94 + 0.40) are innocuous to T. podisi, but slightly harmful to T. basalis. The herbicides glufosinate ammonium salt (0.50) and glyphosate isopropylamine salt (1.20) are innocuous to both parasitoids

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Fatores de risco em operações valvares: análise de 412 casos

O tratamento cirúrgico das valvopatias é muito freqüente e sua mortalidade ainda não se aproxima de zero. Neste estudo, procuramos identificar diversos fatores que poderiam aumentar o risco cirúrgico nestes procedimentos. Para isso, foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, 412 operações valvares realizadas no período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 1995. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 48,3 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (59,3%). Consistiam em reoperação 154 (37,4%) casos e 24 (5,8%) pacientes necessitaram revascularização miocárdica (RM) associada. As valvas acometidas foram: mitral isolada (55,1%), aórtica isolada (27,2%), mitral e aórtica (11,4%), mitral e tricúspide (4,4%), tricúspide (0,7%), mitral aórtica e tricúspide (1,2%). A mortalidade hospitalar geral foi de 8,3%. Apresentaram-se como fatores de risco, relacionados à maior mortalidade, os seguintes: idade superior a 60 anos, presença de fibrilação atrial (FA) no pré-operatório, necessidade de troca valvar (impossibilidade de preservação), classe funcional IV da NYHA no pré-operatório, redução da função ventricular (FE menor que 0,50), tempo de anôxia miocárdica superior a 75 minutos e tempo de circulação extracorpórea (CEC) superior a 120 minutos. Pacientes submetidos a reoperação valvar e aqueles com RM associada apresentaram mortalidade mais elevada (11,7% e 20,8%, respectivamente), mas sem significância estatística. Por outro lado, a valva acometida, sexo, tipo de prótese utilizada nas trocas valvares (biológica ou metálica), número de operações valvares realizadas previamente (nas reoperações), intervalo de tempo entre a última operação e a atual (nas reoperações), e também nas reoperações o fato de ter sido submetido à troca valvar ou cirurgia conservadora previamente não alteram a mortalidade. Indicação cirúrgica precisa e no momento adequado, controle de arritmias pré-operatórias, novos medicamentos para controle da ICC e melhora da função ventricular, aprimoramento e surgimento de novas técnicas para preservação valvar, e novos mecanismos para suporte hemodinâmico pré, per e pós-operatório são medidas que podem reduzir ainda mais a mortalidade.Cardiac valve procedures are very commom in heart surgery but its mortality is not yet null. In this study, a retrospective analysis of 412 cases was done between January 1994 and December 1995 to identify increased risk factors in these procedures. The mean age of patients was 48.3 years (13 to 85 years) with 59.3% (244 patients) females. Reoperations for valve diseases were performed on 154 cases (37.4%) and in 24 patients (5.8%) associated myocardial revascularization was necessary. The valves involved were: isolated mitral (55,1%), isolated aortic (27.2%), mitro-aortic (11.4%), mitro-tricuspid (4.4%), tricuspid (0.7%), mitro-aortic-tricuspid (1.2%). The hospital mortality was 8.3%. The following factors were identified to be significant predictors for hospital mortality: age over 60, preoperative atrial fibrillation, valve replacement (impossibility of native valve preservation), preoperative NYHA functional class IV, ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.50), aortic cross clamp time longer than 75 minutes, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass longer than 120 minutes. Patients submitted to valve reoperations and those with associated myocardial revascularization showed increased mortality (11.7% and 20.8% respectively), but there were no significant statistical differences. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between risk and the valve involved, prostheses used in valve replacement (bioprostheses or mechanical prostheses) number of prior cardiac valve surgeries previous realized, interval since the last cardiac valve surgery (in reoperations) and (also in reoperations) if the patient was previously submitted to a valve replacement or a conservative operation. A precise surgical indication, the treatment of preoperative arrhythmias, new drugs for controlling congestive heart failure and to improve ventricular function, the improvement and appearance of new operative techniques for conservative management of valvular diseases, and a better hemodynamic support pre, per and post operative are measures that could further reduce mortality in cardiac valve surgery

Anesthesia for pulmonary trunk aneurysmorrhaphy

Abstract Background and objectives: The aneurysm in the pulmonary trunk is a rare disease. Because of its location, a rupture can lead to right ventricular failure and sudden death. Aneurysmorraphy is the most widely used surgical treatment in these cases. The aim of this study is to report a successful balanced general anesthesia for aneurysmorraphy of pulmonary trunk. Case report: Male patient, 28 years, asymptomatic, diagnosed with an aneurysm in the pulmonary trunk. According to the location of the aneurysm and the consequent failure of the pulmonary valve, an aneurysmorraphy was indicated, with implantation of vascular-valvular prosthesis (valved tube). We opted for a balanced general anesthesia, seeking to prevent an increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances, thus avoiding to cause stress on the wall of the aneurysmal vessel. Conclusions: A balanced general anesthesia, in combination with adequate ventilation to prevent elevation in pulmonary vascular pressure, was appropriate for surgical repair of an aneurysm in the pulmonary trunk