Digital Public Mortuary Archaeology via 3D Modelling: The Pago del Jarafi Cemetery (Granada, Spain)

One of the main goals of the MEMOLA research project's open-area excavation at Pago del Jarafí (Lanteira, Granada, Spain) was to promote knowledge socialisation by means of imparting information and public participation. The site, a multi-phased rural settlement with cemeteries of different chronologies and cultural affinities, was subject to a complete 3D photogrammetric survey, a tool serving to develop virtual models both to interpret the excavation and subsequently transmit the results to the public – so as to raise their level of engagement - via social networks and websites. Burials, in particular, are features that attract the local population to the site and arouse both a demand for information and site preservation. 3D modelling of the burials is thus a digital resource bearing a high scientific and social potential when integrated in a strategy reaching beyond the technical aspects. This paper therefore considers the 3D modelling of burials as an innovative form of digital public mortuary archaeology

La arqueología virtual, generadora de recursos para la comunicación y participación

La Arqueología Virtual es una disciplina científica que genera recursos que permiten representar, acercar y enseñar sobre patrimonio a través de herramientas virtuales (Carta de Sevilla, 2011). Como veremos, estos recursos digitales abren un abanico de posibilidades tanto en la comunicación a todos los públicos como nuevos horizontes participativos. En los últimos años el desarrollo de estas tecnologías ha jugado un papel fundamental en la enseñanza, aumentando el interés y, por consiguiente, el aprendizaje del alumnado. La aplicación de las denominadas nuevas tecnologías posibilita vías de comunicación y participación en diferentes ámbitos: escuelas, museos, parques arqueológicos, etc. Dentro de la arqueología virtual tenemos la reconstrucción virtual, restauración virtual, realidad aumentada, impresoras 3D, apps, juegos, redes sociales especializadas, museos virtuales, etc. Estos recursos generan caminos bidireccionales y democráticos accesibles e inclusivos a todo tipo de público, permitiendo, en algunos casos, la participación e involucración del público con el patrimonio. Todas ellas nos permiten acercar el patrimonio a un público no especializado, superando barreras, permitiendo una mayor accesibilidad al patrimonio y a la historia, especialmente a un público que hasta ahora se encontraba con grandes limitaciones, como las personas con movilidad reducida, discapacidad cognitiva u otros problemas sensoriales. Pretendiendo que las personas no se vean limitadas a meros espectadores, sino que puedan interaccionar con el patrimonio. Los proyectos multimedia conciencian a largo plazo en la preservación de los elementos patrimoniales. Los investigadores se están dando cuenta de la gran variedad de servicios que ofrecen las TICs pudiendo enriquecer un proyecto patrimonial. Para ello es imprescindible analizar dónde, para quién, para qué y cuándo emplear estas técnicas y recursos.Virtual archaeology is a scientific discipline that generates resources that allow the representation, approach and teaching of heritage through virtualtools(The Seville Principles, 2011/ As we will see, these digital resources open up a range of possibilities in communication to all audiences as well as new participatory horizons. In recent years the development of these technologies has played a fundamental role in teaching, increasing interest and, consequently, learning the students The application of the so-called new technologies makes possible ways of communication and participation in different areas schools, museums, archaeological parks, etc. Within virtual archaeology we have virtual reconstruction, virtual restoration, augmented reality, 3d printers, apps, games, specialized social networks, virtual museums, etc. These resources generate two-way and democratic ways accessible and inclusive to all types of public, allowing, in some cases, the participation and involvement of the public with the patrimony All of them allow us to bring the heritage to a non-specialized public, surpassing barriers, allowing greater accessibility to heritage and history, especially to an audience that until now was with great limitations, as people with Reduced mobility, cognitive impairment or other sensory problems. Pretending that people are not limited to mere spectators, but can interact with heritage Multimedia projects have a long-term awareness of the preservation of heritage elements. Researchers are realizing the wide variety of services offered by leTs and can enrich a heritage project. To do this it is essentiaito analyse where, for whom, for what and when to use these techniques and resources.Universidad de Granada. Medialab UGR: Laboratorio de Investigación en Cultura y Sociedad Digital

La arqueología virtual, generadora de recursos para la comunicación y participación

La Arqueología Virtual es una disciplina científica que genera recursos que permiten representar, acercar y enseñar sobre patrimonio a través de herramientas virtuales (Carta de Sevilla, 2011). Como veremos, estos recursos digitales abren un abanico de posibilidades tanto en la comunicación a todos los públicos como nuevos horizontes participativos. En los últimos años el desarrollo de estas tecnologías ha jugado un papel fundamental en la enseñanza, aumentando el interés y, por consiguiente, el aprendizaje del alumnado. La aplicación de las denominadas nuevas tecnologías posibilita vías de comunicación y participación en diferentes ámbitos: escuelas, museos, parques arqueológicos, etc. Dentro de la arqueología virtual tenemos la reconstrucción virtual, restauración virtual, realidad aumentada, impresoras 3D, apps, juegos, redes sociales especializadas, museos virtuales, etc. Estos recursos generan caminos bidireccionales y democráticos accesibles e inclusivos a todo tipo de público, permitiendo, en algunos casos, la participación e involucración del público con el patrimonio. Todas ellas nos permiten acercar el patrimonio a un público no especializado, superando barreras, permitiendo una mayor accesibilidad al patrimonio y a la historia, especialmente a un público que hasta ahora se encontraba con grandes limitaciones, como las personas con movilidad reducida, discapacidad cognitiva u otros problemas sensoriales. Pretendiendo que las personas no se vean limitadas a meros espectadores, sino que puedan interaccionar con el patrimonio. Los proyectos multimedia conciencian a largo plazo en la preservación de los elementos patrimoniales. Los investigadores se están dando cuenta de la gran variedad de servicios que ofrecen las TICs pudiendo enriquecer un proyecto patrimonial. Para ello es imprescindible analizar dónde, para quién, para qué y cuándo emplear estas técnicas y recursos.Virtual archaeology is a scientific discipline that generates resources that allow the representation, approach and teaching of heritage through virtualtools(The Seville Principles, 2011/ As we will see, these digital resources open up a range of possibilities in communication to all audiences as well as new participatory horizons. In recent years the development of these technologies has played a fundamental role in teaching, increasing interest and, consequently, learning the students The application of the so-called new technologies makes possible ways of communication and participation in different areas schools, museums, archaeological parks, etc. Within virtual archaeology we have virtual reconstruction, virtual restoration, augmented reality, 3d printers, apps, games, specialized social networks, virtual museums, etc. These resources generate two-way and democratic ways accessible and inclusive to all types of public, allowing, in some cases, the participation and involvement of the public with the patrimony All of them allow us to bring the heritage to a non-specialized public, surpassing barriers, allowing greater accessibility to heritage and history, especially to an audience that until now was with great limitations, as people with Reduced mobility, cognitive impairment or other sensory problems. Pretending that people are not limited to mere spectators, but can interact with heritage Multimedia projects have a long-term awareness of the preservation of heritage elements. Researchers are realizing the wide variety of services offered by leTs and can enrich a heritage project. To do this it is essentiaito analyse where, for whom, for what and when to use these techniques and resources.Universidad de Granada. Medialab UGR: Laboratorio de Investigación en Cultura y Sociedad Digital

From 3D to GIS. A comprehensive methodology for recording stratigraphy and its application in the MEMOLA Project.

  This paper aims to demonstrate the scope of application of digital 3D photogrammetry in archaeological practice. The excavation of the “Pago del Jarafi” (Lanteira, Granada) carried out during from 2014 to 2017 within the framework of the European project MEMOLA, coordinated by the University of Granada has been taken an example. The development of new software, algorithms and 3D modelling techniques such as Structure from Motion (SfM) has made it easier for archaeologists to access higher quality and more accurate documentation. This paper also aims to demonstrate how this methodology has been included in our usual practice.</p

Virtual archaeology through social networks. The case of the 1st Public Archaeology Twitter Conference

III Congreso de la Sociedad Internacional Humanidades Digitales Hispánica (HDH): "Sociedades, políticas, saberes". Celebrado en Málaga, 18-20 de octubre de 2017.European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/20014-2017) under grant agreement nº 63265 "Mediterranean Mountainous Landscapes: An historical approahc to cultural landscapes based on traditional agrosystems http://www.memolaproject.eu

Virtual archaeology through social networks. The case of the 1st Public Archaeology Twitter Conference

Hemodialysis is a process of purifying the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally. The design of a hemodialysis membrane with superior uremic toxin separation and sufficient biocompatibility is of great demand. Hence, the objective of this study is to fabricate a high performance and biocompatible polysulfone/iron oxide nanoparticles (PSf/IONPs) mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for hemodialysis application. In the first phase of the study, the poor dispersion of IONPs in the polymer solution was addressed by a chemical modification using citric acid (CA) at the weight ratio of 1:5-1:25 (IONPs:CA). The dispersion of the IONPs was studied by observing the particle stability in water. PSf/IONPs MMMs comprised of 18 wt% PSf, 4.8 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.1 wt% IONPs at various IONPs:CA weight ratios were then prepared by dry-wet spinning process. The results revealed that the optimum IONPs:CA weight ratio was 1:20, in which 49% of the IONPs was recovered after 3 days in water. As a result of the improved IONPs dispersion, the MMM exhibited good water transport features. In the second phase of the study, the effect of dope extrusion rate (DER) from 1.0 to 2.5 mL/min, and air gap from 10 to 60 cm, on the MMM morphology and liquid separation characteristics was investigated. The higher DER increased the MMM wall thickness, while the increase of air gap reduced the MMM diameter. The ideal morphology for hemodialysis membrane was obtained at the DER of 1.0 mL/min and the air gap of 50 cm. At those membrane spinning conditions, the MMM achieved pure water permeability (PWP) of 70.84 Lm-2h-1bar-1, bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of 98.2% and high sieving coefficient of urea (1.0) and lysozyme (0.7). In the next phase, the effect of IONPs loading (0-0.1 wt%) on the MMM physicochemical properties and separation performance were studied. The PSf/IONPs MMM possessed an improved thermal stability at higher IONPs loading. Besides, the MMM porosity and surface hydrophilicity were enhanced by increasing the IONPs loading. It was found that the MMM fabricated at 0.05 wt% IONPs loading recorded the highest PWP and BSA rejection (P= 110.47 Lm-2h-1bar-1; R= 99.9 %). Moreover, the MMM displayed the best separation performance by removing 82% urea and 46.7% lysozyme. In the final phase of the study, the membrane surface morphology was studied and the biocompatibility of the MMMs was evaluated in terms of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, blood coagulation time and compliment activation. The PSf/IONPs MMMs possessed a smoother surface and smaller surface pore size compared to the common PSf membrane. Furthermore, the PSf/IONPs MMM demonstrated lesser protein adsorption and platelet adhesion at higher IONPs loading while keeping a normal blood coagulation time and satisfactory complement activation. The PSf/IONPs MMM showed an excellent separation performance and good biocompatibility for hemodialysis application

La vida cotidiana del Sexto Batallón de la Agrupación Guerrillera Málaga-Granada a través de los restos materiales del campamento del Cerro Formazo (Loja, Granada)

La Agrupación Guerrillera Málaga-Granada operó entre los años 1944 y 1951 contra el aparato franquista a lo largo de las sierras ubicadas entre las provincias de Málaga y Granada. En 2019 la Asociación de Estudios Históricos Frente Sur realizó una intervención de limpieza y documentación arqueológica en el campamento de invierno del Cerro Formazo. Durante estos trabajos se ha recuperado material que nos permite reconstruir la vida diaria de los guerrilleros en los campamentos complementando a las fuentes orales.The Málaga-Granada Group operated between 1944 and 1951 against the Franco dictatorship along the mountains located between the provinces of Málaga and Granada. In 2019, the Historical Studies Association Frente Sur carried out a cleaning and archaeological documentation intervention at the Cerro Formazo winter camp. During these works material has been recovered that allows us to reconstruct the daily life of the guerrillas in the camps, complementing the oral source

Arquitectura efímera de montaña. Las técnicas constructivas del campamento del Cerro Formazo del Sexto Batallón de la Agrupación Guerrillera Granada-Málaga (Loja, Granada)

La Agrupación Guerrillera Málaga-Granada empleó de forma habitual las sierras que lindan entre las provincias que le dan nombre como base para su actividad contra el aparato franquista entre los años 1944 y 1951, cuando es detenido Roberto, líder del grupo, y los últimos guerrilleros supervivientes huyen o son capturados. Recuerdo de esta actividad, en concreto de la del Sexto Batallón de este grupo, son los restos de numerosos campamentos, tanto de verano como de invierno, que se encuentran en las cumbres de la Sierra de Loja. Uno de ellos, el campamento de invierno del Cerro Formazo, fue objeto de una intervención de limpieza y documentación arqueológica por parte de la Asociación de Estudios Históricos Frente Sur. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar y analizar los materiales y las técnicas constructivas empleadas por la guerrilla para la creación de estos campamentos. Esta arquitectura, aunque de factura rápida y sencilla, con alzados a piedra seca y techumbres de lona, debía cumplir una doble función: mantener oculto al grupo y protegerlo de las inclemencias del invierno. Para este análisis de los restos arquitectónicos, además de los métodos de análisis arqueológico tradicional, hemos aplicado la documentación tridimensional para obtener toda la información posible.The Granada-Malaga Guerrilla Group employed on a regular basis the mountains on the border of those provinces as base for its activity against Francoist regime between the years 1944 and 1951, when its leader Roberto was detained and also the other members of the guerrilla that did not escape. Remains of these historical events, especially of the activity of the Sixth Battalion of this group, are several camps, used in both summer and winter, located on the top of the mountain range of Loja. The Historical Studies Association Frente Sur documented one of them, the winter camp of Cerro Formazo. The aim of this work were to characterize and analyse the materials and building techniques that were used by the guerrilla to build these camps. This architecture, of fast and easy construction, with walls of dry stone and roofs made with tent canvas, fulfilled two functions: keep the group hide and protected against the harsh winter. For the study of these remains, besides the traditional methodology of archaeological analysis, we have applied 3D documentation