Fauna de Culícidos (Díptera) presente en los distintos enclaves hídricos de Sevilla (España)

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Farmaci

Estudo da avaliación de impacto ambiental: especial referencia aos proxectos sometidos á avaliación de impacto ambiental ordinaria

[Resumo] A través do presente traballo lévase a cabo unha labor de investigación xurídica relativa á avaliación de impacto ambiental, de xeito pormenorizado sobre os proxectos sometidos á avaliación de impacto ambiental ordinaria. Ao longo do mesmo, realízase unha exposición e análise da normativa aplicable, facendo especial referencia á nova Lei 21/2013, de 9 de decembro, de Avaliación Ambiental, así como da xurisprudencia e doutrina máis relevante sobre a materia, as cales foron completando as lagoas existentes[Abstract]: Through this work it is carried out legal research work on the environmental impact assessment, in detail on projects subject to the ordinary environmental impact assessment. Along the same, a presentation and analysis of the applicable law is made, with particular reference to the new Law 21/2013, of December 9, Environmental Assessment, as well as the most relevant case law and doctrine on the matter, which they have been filling the gaps

Evaluation of false positive results in microbial inhibitor tests for screening antibiotics in goat milk

Tesis por compendioGoat milk is primarily destined for the production of fermented products, in particular cheese. Therefore, the control of antibiotic residues in milk is of great importance, since these could have negative repercussions on technological properties of the milk as well as on the health of consumers. In milk quality control programs, microbial inhibitor tests are widely applied to detect antibiotics during the screening stage. However, tests are non-specific and may be affected by substances other than antimicrobials which could inhibit the growth of the test micro-organism, causing false positive results. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the interference, related to the presence of different contaminants in goat milk, on the response of microbial inhibitor tests commonly used in Spain to detect antibiotics (BRT MRL, Delvotest SP-NT MCS and Eclipse 100 tests). The influence of the physicochemical characteristics of goat milk on the false positive outcomes in microbial screening tests was also investigated. The suitability of microbial inhibitor tests for screening antibiotics in colostrum secretions was studied by analysing antibiotic-free colostrum and milk samples from forty-three Murciano-Granadina goats, collected every 12 hours during the first week post-partum. Microbial inhibitor tests were not suitable for the analysis of goat colostrum because they presented a high percentage of doubtful and positive results (up 37.2% in the 36 hours after partum). To evaluate the effect of caprine colostrum on the microbial test response, antimicrobial-free goat milk spiked with different concentrations of colostrum was analysed to calculate the inhibitory concentrations producing 5% of positive results. The highest interferences were obtained for the addition of colostrum from 12 to 24 hours post-partum and the colostrum concentrations producing 5% positive results were between 5.1 and 34.6%. The BRT MRL was the test the most affected. In another study, the interference of detergents and disinfectants used for the cleaning of milking equipment and milk storage tanks of dairy farms was investigated. Antimicrobial-free goat milk was spiked with eight concentrations of different cleaning products (5 acid, 5 alkaline, 5 domestic washing-up liquids, and 1 disinfectant) and analysed using microbial screening tests. The presence of acid detergent and disinfectant based on sodium hypochlorite in goat milk did not affect the microbial test response. However, alkaline detergents at concentrations ≥ 1 ml/l could lead to false positive results in microbial inhibitor tests (up to 16.7%) and from 4 ml/l on 100% positive results were obtained. Regarding the products used for home use, and those used on farms and small size dairies, washing-up liquid containing sodium laureth sulphate and ethanol had the greatest effects on microbial inhibitor tests, even starting from a relatively low concentration (1 ml/l). On the other hand, the presence of a relatively low concentration of detergents in goat milk (0.5 ml/l) slightly modified the detection capability of the microbial inhibitor tests for amoxicillin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, and cloxacillin, although the detection of these drugs at MRL (safe level) was not compromised. Antiparasitic agent residues in goat milk could be another possible cause of false positive results in microbial screening tests. An in vitro study to evaluate the effect of seven parasiticides commonly used in dairy goats was carried out. Further two studies, where albendazole and ivermectin were applied to two groups of dairy goats in lactation were performed. It should be noted that the parasiticide ivermectin is banned for the treatment of animals producing milk for human consumption, although its inclusion in this study was considered interesting to understand the potential effect of their residues in milk, in the event the practice was performed illegally. In the in vitro study, raw antibiotic-free milk from goats was spiked individually with eight different concentrations of albendazole, closantel, diclazuril, febendazole, levamisole, diazinon, and ivermectin. The microbial inhibitor test results showed a great variability according to the test and the drug under study. Of the tests considered, the BRT MRL test was the most sensitive to antiparasitic agents, with the lowest concentrations of antiparasitic agent causing 5, 10, and 50% of positive results. Generally, closantel and diazinon were the antiparasitic agents that produced higher interferences in all tests, since low concentrations already resulted in positive results, while only higher concentrations of diclazuril and ivermectin showed an inhibitory effect. To evaluate the effect of albendazole residues on the microbial inhibitor test response, eighteen healthy Murciano-Granadina goats in mid-lactation were treated with a single oral administration of the commercially available albendazole registered for dairy sheep (7.5 mg/kg b.w. of active compound) with a withdrawal period of 4 days for milk production in ovine. Albendazole and its metabolite residues in goat milk after under cascade treatment were not detected above MRL from the third day post-administration. However, a high occurrence of non-compliant results was obtained for the BRT MRL test during the first six days after treatment, suggesting that factors related to the albendazole application other than the drug concentration are able to affect the microbial inhibitor test response in some cases. Regarding the ivermectin study, twenty-eight Murciano-Granadina goats infested with Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae were treated with a subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (200 μg/kg b.w.), with a second dose applied seven days after the first treatment. Drug residues in goat milk were recorded during the first fifteen days of the experiment with concentrations ranging from 8.13 to 24.25 ng/ml. In addition, all the microbial screening tests seem to be affected by the ivermectin treatment, with BRT MRL the most affected (20%) compared with Delvotest SP-NT MCS and Eclipse 100 (6.6 and 5.7%, respectively). These positive results cannot be associated with the ivermectin concentration in goat milk, as the concentrations measured were lower than the inhibitory concentrations as reported in a previous in vitro study for these microbial tests. Thus, as suggested by some authors, interferences could be related to changes or alterations caused by the application of the parasiticide agent or by the parasitic disease itself, which could affect the immune response of the animals favouring the presence of inhibitory substances in milk. The study of the effect of the goat milk composition on the specificity (rate of false positive results) of microbial inhibitor tests for screening antibiotics was also considered. Thus, individual goat milk samples (n=200) were analysed by microbial inhibitor tests using both visual and instrumental classification of the test results. The highest specificity values were obtained for the instrumental interpretation of the test results (94-99% vs 90-96%) due to the occurrence of samples with intermediate colorations (green-yellow, yellow-blue) making the visual classification more difficult and subjective. A relation was found between positive results in BRT MRL and Eclipse 100 tests and an elevated fat content in the goat milk. Positive outcomes in Eclipse 100 were associated with the butyric acid concentration in the milk. Further, the Delvotest SP-NT MCS test response was affected by elevated pH values, high lactoferrrin and myristoleic acid concentrations in the goat milk. This percentage of positive results could be minimized by a pre-treatment prior to microbial inhibitor test analysis, such as fat removal by centrifugation (3,100 g for 10 min at 4 ºC) and/or heating (80 ºC for 10 min). Undoubtedly, improvements on the specificity of the microbial inhibitor tests for screening antibiotics in goat milk are desirable to avoid the destruction of milk compliant for human due to the occurrence of false positive results. The related financial losses affect farmers and dairies. However, it should be noted that the presence of contaminants in goat milk could be avoided by applying good farming practices designed to ensure that milk is obtained from healthy animals under proper hygienic conditions so ensuring the food safety of goat milk and related dairy products.Romero Rueda, T. (2015). Evaluation of false positive results in microbial inhibitor tests for screening antibiotics in goat milk [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48552TESISCompendi

Etwinning projects: In the distance learning

El artículo expone los resultados de la implantación de los proyectos eTwinning en los centros de primaria desde la perspectiva del profesorado. El estudio pretende conocer cómo se ha implantado, dificultades y limitaciones, qué aporta a profesores y alumnos, etc., para ello se ha entrevistado al profesorado responsable. Se concluye que es un elemento innovador para manejo TIC y para el aprendizaje de otras lenguas. Implica trabajo colaborativo, intercambio cultural y dimensión europea de la educaciónThe article presents the results of implementing eTwinning projects in primary schools from the perspective of teachers. The study aims to determine how you have implemented, difficulties and limitations, which provides teachers and students, etc., for it has interviewed the teacher responsible. We conclude that management is an innovative tool for ICT and learning other languages. Involves collaborative work, cultural exchange and the European dimension of educatio

Diseño de un sistema de control de procesos empresariales por medio de indicadores de gestión para el área de producción de una empresa dedicada a la fabricación de artículos plásticos ubicada en la ciudad de Guayaquil

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el diseño de un sistema de control de procesos empresariales por medio de indicadores de gestión para el área de producción de una empresa dedicada a la fabricación de artículos de plásticos ubicada en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Se tratará de identificar mediante la misión y los objetivos estratégicos, lo que realmente el departamento de producción necesita medir para estar acorde con las necesidades generales de la empresa. Una vez identificados los indicadores del departamento de producción se procede a elaborar el aplicativo informático el mismo que permite el ingreso de información continua del comportamiento de las maquinarias, de los operarios, turnos y de la producción diaria, dando datos cuantificables de los indicadores establecidos. Con dicha información se procede al análisis de las maquinarias y de la producción. En el primer capítulo se presenta el marco teórico y recoge las principales definiciones acerca de la importancia de la planeación Estratégica y sistema de indicadores, necesarias para entender el presente trabajo. El segundo capítulo muestra la información de la empresa, estructura organizacional, misión, visión así como la descripción del proceso objeto de estudio. El tercer capítulo comprende el desarrollo de los indicadores mediante el cual se desarrollará el trabajo, identificándolos a través de fichas con sus respectiva semaforizaciones a través de la matriz de cliente proveedor del proceso de producción (matriz SIPOC). En el cuarto capítulo presenta la elaboración del aplicativo informático el mismo que complementará la implementación de los indicadores, ayudando la visualización del desempeño de los mismos y facilitando un reporte de indicadores para el proceso de Producción. El quinto capítulo se realizará el respectivo análisis de los indicadores de Gestión, usando técnicas estadísticas para la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos en cada indicador. Por último se realiza el informe con las respectivas conclusiones y recomendaciones para mejorar el proceso, y las metas a cumplir

Energy balance data from lactating dairy goats offered total mixed diets

[EN] The objective of the study was to develop a univariate model for analyzing energy balance data from lactating goats at mid lactation and determine maintenance requirements and partial efficiencies of energy utilization. Energy balance data from eight studies involving lactating Murciano-Granadina goats fed total mixed diets, which accounted for a variation in metabolizable energy (MEI) intake, milk energy output (EI), and tissue energy balance, were used. The database included records obtained by indirect calorimetry. Data were adjusted with a mixed model that included the study as a random effect. Then, two multivariate linear models were obtained: metabolizable and net energy models. The metabolizable model was MEI=ß0+ß2E1+ß3Tg+ß4T1+¿ and the net energy model was E1=ß0+ß1MEI+ß2Tg+ß3T1+¿; where ß0, ß1, ß2 and ß3 were the parameters, Tg was tissue energy retention and Tl the milk energy derived from body stores. For a better fitted proposed model, net energy for maintenance (NEm) was 283 kJ/kg of Body Weight 0.75 (BW) per day, and the efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation (k1), body weight gain (kg) and body tissue mobilization for milk production (kt) were 62%, 83% and 78%, respectively. Maintenance requirements and partial efficiencies for milk production and tissue energy mobilization were similar to the values proposed by INRA (2018). The increase in the efficiency of utilizing dietary energy for gain, compared with other feeding systems, was partially attributed to the stage of lactation, due to that goats were feeding at mid lactationFernández Martínez, CJ.; Romero Rueda, T. (2019). Energy balance data from lactating dairy goats offered total mixed diets. Open Journal of Animal Sciences (Online). 9(4):385-400. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2019.94031S3854009

APTITUD AL ORDEÑO MECÁNICO EN LA OVEJA GUIRRA: LECHE CISTERNAL Y ALVEOLAR

Se ha estudiado la aptitud al ordeño mecánico en la oveja de la raza Guirra, centrando el estudio en las fracciones cisternal y alveolar. Se concluye que el fraccionamiento en esta raza es similar al que presentan otras razas autóctonas españolas.Romero Rueda, T. (2009). APTITUD AL ORDEÑO MECÁNICO EN LA OVEJA GUIRRA: LECHE CISTERNAL Y ALVEOLAR. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14083Archivo delegad

Creación de un complejo ecoturístico en puerto dEl Morro

Puerto del Morro es un lugar que puede aportar mucho para el turismo en el Ecuador siendo éste uno de los factores más influyentes en la economía del país; pero es un lugar que aún no ha sido explotado en su totalidad debido a la falta de infraestructura que posee la zona. Mediante la ejecución de este proyecto; se espera obtener resultados positivos concerniente a la viabilidad del desarrollo de un complejo ecoturístico en ésta localidad, y que consecuentemente a esto; pueda ser implantado para de ésta forma incrementar los ingresos del país mediante el turismo; atraído por un lugar que brindará a las personas un ambiente acogedor donde pasarán agradables momentos de esparcimiento y diversión junto a sus familiares y amigos, además de conocer y disfrutar del variado ecosistema que posee ésta parte costera del país; los que serán explotados de manera correcta mediante el desarrollo del proyecto en cuestión

Factores de riesgo para complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas en pacientes adultos intervenidos a hernioplastía inguinal, hospital regional de Huacho, 2016 - 2021

Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo para complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas en pacientes adultos intervenidos a hernioplastia inguinal en el Hospital Regional de Huacho, 2016-2021. Metodología: Investigación observacional, analítica de casos y controles, retrospectiva y cuantitativas, cuya muestra se compuso por 153 pacientes, de las cuales 51 evidenciaron complicaciones postoperatorias y 102 no las presentaron, asimismo, para la recolección de los datos se aplicó como instrumento a la ficha de recolección y para dar respuesta a los objetivos se aplicó la regresión logística. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes sometidos a hernioplastia fue 57.1 años, el 98.7% presentó hernia directa, al 98.7% se le realizó cirugía abierta y al 99.3% se le realizó fijación de mallas por suturas. La obesidad (p=0.046, OR=7.504), el tamaño de hernia inguinal >10cm (p=0.033, OR=8.639), la intervención quirúrgica de emergencia (p=0.001, OR=126.529) y el tiempo quirúrgico mayor a 90 minutos (p=0.013, OR=30.787) fueron factores de riesgo para complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas en pacientes intervenidos a hernioplastia, de acuerdo con el análisis multivariado. Conclusión: Existen factores clínicos y quirúrgicos asociados y de riesgo para complicaciones posoperatorias inmediata

La importancia de la prueba del polígrafo en la eficiente selección del talento humano.

La Selección de personal es un proceso vital para las organizaciones modernas, de esta forma contratar al candidato adecuado para cada cargo es un objetivo de la dependencia de talento humano encargada del proceso. Actualmente la aplicación del Polígrafo se ha convertido en un instrumento de apoyo para las actividades de reclutamiento de personal y su posterior asignación, mediada por la selección de personal que es el proceso donde se establecen los perfiles adecuados para el cargo y la pertinencia de los candidatos para ocuparlos. Así es, que la Psicofisiologia Forense bien utilizada, ya que mide el grado de certeza de los candidatos a un cargo determinado, permiten no solamente medir aspectos éticos entre los cuales se encuentra actuar con honestidad, sino además suministrar información altamente confiable que corrobore la idoneidad del entrevistado para ocupar el cargo, lo cual redundará en términos de eficiencia al tener a la persona adecuada en el puesto indicado. El proyecto mencionado busca aportar al desarrollo de los sistemas de selección en las organizaciones, pero además validar los valores del individuo desde la perspectiva de la transparencia y los valores morales, elementos estos que aportan a la consolidación de trabajos dignos y ambientes productivos.The selection of personnel is a vital process for modern organizations, thus hiring the right candidate for each position is a goal of the human talent unit in charge of the process. Currently the application of the Polygraph has become a support tool for the recruitment of personnel and their subsequent assignment, mediated by the selection of personnel, which is the process where the appropriate profiles for the position and the relevance of the candidates are established. to occupy them. Thus, the well-used Forensic Psychophysiology, since it measures the degree of certainty of the candidates for a specific position, allows not only to measure ethical aspects among which is acting honestly, but also to provide highly reliable information that corroborates the suitability of the interviewee to occupy the position, which will result in efficiency by having the right person in the position indicated. The aforementioned project seeks to contribute to the development of selection systems in organizations, but also validate the values ​​of the individual from the perspective of transparency and moral values, elements that contribute to the consolidation of decent work and productive environments