173 research outputs found
Embedding employability skills in vocational education and training: What works best for studentsβ self-evaluation and aspirations?
This paper investigates how explicit integration of employability skills into vocational education and training (VET) affects studentsβ perceived skills. Perceived or self-evaluated skills are often inaccurate perceptions of the real skillsβ possession, but nonetheless they play a profound role in graduatesβ career decisions. Confidence that resulted from positive self-evaluations supports the efforts and aspirations during school-to-work transitions. Thus, they are considered to be an important educational outcome supporting employability. The purpose of the study is to enrich understanding of relationship between studentsβ self-evaluations of employability skills and different teaching practices.
The analysis employs self-evaluations and entrepreneurial intentions of the Russian VET students collected with Monitoring of education markets and organizations in 2020 (n = 9 178). It focuses on social, self-learning and entrepreneurial skills, which are part of the VET national curriculum. The findings show that explicit embedding and integration of employability skills in the curriculum is significantly related to more positive self-evaluations of social and self-learning skills. Moreover, students, who were explicitly taught entrepreneurial skills, are more likely to plan to establish their own enterprise after graduation. Despite being effective, the explicit integration approach is revealed to be not dominant. Further research on the reasons behind this is needed for development of properly informed policy
Factors influencing practitioner adoption of agroforestry : a USDA SARE case study
Agroforestry practices offer a compelling alternative to conventional agriculture as they provide a broad range of economic, ecological and social benefits. Despite its' recognized potential, on-the-ground adoption of U.S. agroforestry remains limited. Therefore, there is a need to explore factors influencing agroforestry adoption and dissemination bottlenecks. While previous studies have focused mostly on landowners and farmers interests in agroforestry, this research aims to portray the perspective of actual agroforestry practitioners. Early adopters of agroforestry represent an essential stepping stone to further agroforestry diffusion, thus, a better understanding of the factors that influence their decisions and their reasons behind adoption of agroforestry practices can help to promote wider adoption. This research study helps to inform the following questions: the who and why of early stage agroforestry adoption and what factors influence adoption decisions. Further, it explores the timeline to agroforestry adoption, preferred channels of communication and support systems. This study also represents the first attempt to map agroforestry adoption in the U.S. In addition, this work highlights the internal driving forces leading to agroforestry adoption. Recommendations are offered concerning target audiences, efficient messaging and effective channels of communication. Further research is needed to investigate both the temporal and spatial aspects of agroforestry adoption
Measuring social well-being in the rural areas of the Kaliningrad region
This article evaluates the social wellbeing of rural municipalities of the Kaliningrad region. The degree of social wellbeing is assessed on the basis of an analysis of statistical data and expert evaluations. Rural districts were identified in the Kaliningrad region on the basis of the following criteria: the share of population residing in the rural areas (threshold value of 50 %); the share of non-residential areas (threshold value of 75 %), the share of agricultural lands (threshold value of 50 %). Further analysis was based on the indices of geodemographic situation, investment potential, and production development. Rural municipalities were ranked according to these indices. The study showed that the best performing area are the suburban districts of Guryevsk and Bagrationovsk and the agricultural districts of Nesterov and Pravdinsk, whereas the worst performing ones are those of Gvardeisk, Krasnoznamensk, Ozersk, and Chernykhovsk. A comparison with the other constituent entities of the Northwestern federal district proved that the level of social wellbeing of Kaliningrad rural municipalities is rather high and most of them have made the transition from depression to sustainable development
MESOSCALE DEFORMATION-INDUCED SURFACE PHENOMENA IN LOADED POLYCRYSTALS
The paper reviews the results of numerical analyses for the micro-and mesoscale deformation-induced surface phenomena in three-dimensional polycrystals with the explicit account for the grain structure. The role of the free surface and grain boundaries in the appearance of the grain-scale stress concentrations and plastic strain nucleation is illustrated on the examples of aluminum polycrystals. Special attention is paid to the discussion of mesoscale deformation-induced surface roughening under uniaxial tension
The Use of Contact Heat Generators of the New Generation for Heat Production
We substantiated the need for searching for, and realization of, fundamentally new approaches, using more efficient physical, heat-mass-exchanging and aerodynamic processes, which will make it possible to improve energy effectiveness and ecological cleanliness of heat generation in the systems for individual and decentralized heat supply.For the heat supply to large cities and industrial regions, we examined the advantages of using highly efficient contact heat-generators of different types, which include compactness due to low metal consumption and, as a result, attractive price.It is proposed to use a heat-generator of contact type of the new generation, with the aid of which it was possible to solve a set of problems on the qualitative combustion of fuel and effective heat exchange of gases with the heated water. The use of tubular technology for the combustion of gas is its special feature. Due to it, quality heat exchanging characteristics are provided.In view of further studies, we presented the relevance of creating heat-generators with the use of highly effective hydrogen technologies, which will make it possible to devise the new energy paradigm of heat supply for residential areas and industrial zones through the possibility of accumulation of electrical energy and accumulation of hydrogen
Production of Composite Materials By the Powder Metallurgy Method from the Powder Manufactured from Wastes of Mechanical Treatment of Ingots of Alloys VT-22
This study considers the preparation of new composite materials based on VT-22 titanium alloy powder made from waste from machining ingots by plasma spraying. Two composite compositions were selected for the study: 1 - 65% VT-22 + 30% PTM-1 + 5% N70Y30 and 2 - 70% VT-22 + 25% PTM-1 + 5% PMS. The structure and microstructure of the samples were studied, and X-ray phase analysis was carried out. Materials with a homogeneous fine structure were obtained by cold pressing followed by sintering. The samples have the structure of the VT-22 alloy but have a hardness higher than that of the starting material.
Keywords: Composite materials, composite pressing, titanium alloy powders, additive powder
The effect of railway network evolution on the Kaliningrad region's landscape environment
This article addresses methodology of modern landscape studies from the perspective of natural and man-made components of a territory. Railway infrastructure is not only an important system-building element of economic and settlement patterns; it also affects cultural landscapes. The study of cartographic materials and historiography made it possible to identify the main stages of the development of the Kaliningrad railway network in terms of its territorial scope and to describe causes of the observed changes. Historically, changes in the political, economic, and military environment were key factors behind the development of the Kaliningrad railway network. Nature was less important. The existing Kaliningrad railway network is to a great degree the legacy of the earlier, pre-war times. Today, its primary function is to provide international cargo and passenger transportation. Two types of railway infrastructure are identified in the Kaliningrad region - modern (functioning) and relic (abandoned) ones. In the Kaliningrad region, the process of land reclamation of the railway system starts when the maintenance of railroads is discontinued, which is followed by the formation of primitive soils and emerging biocenoses enhanced by fill soils and artificial relief
Using of Technogenic Raw Materials Based on Titanium-containing Slag and Aluminum Bronze for the Development of Composite Material
In this study, the possibility of using of the following technogenic raw materials to obtain a composite material was considered: titanium-containing slag, with the addition of aluminum bronze grade PG-19M-01 (TU 48-4206-156-82) and aluminum powder grade PA-4 (GOST 6058-73). The percentage of components in the mixture were as follows (wt. %): slag - 40, PG-19M-01 - 30, PA-4 - 30. A thermodynamic simulation of the selected system was preliminarily carried out using TERRA program in the temperature range 273 - 4273 K. The chemical and granulometric composition of the initial powders was investigated. From the powder mixture there were compressed the tablets and then they were sintered in an inert atmosphere. Micro-X-ray analysis of sintered samples showed that they consist of large particles of various shapes, most likely containing titanium and iron aluminides, their compounds between themselves and with copper.
Keywords: titanium-containing slag, composite material, thermodynamic modeling, intermetallic compounds, pressing, powder material
ΠΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ, ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘
Π ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π. Π. ΠΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ, ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ : Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ. Π΄ΠΈΡ. ... ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄. ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡ. Π½Π°ΡΠΊ : 23.00.04 / Π. Π. Π ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°; ΠΊΠ΅Ρ. ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Π. Π. ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Ρ; ΠΠ°Ρ. ΡΠ½.-Ρ "ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΡΡ". β ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°, 2008. β 19 Ρ.ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊ
Π·Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ 23.00.04 - ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°
Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ. - ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°,
2008.
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΉ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ, ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π‘ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Ρ. Π£ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½Ρ-ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ (Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ, ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ
ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ) ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π‘ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π‘ΠΠΠ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ, ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ ΡΡ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π· ΠΠ‘ Ρ Π²ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ.ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 23.00.04 - ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. - ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°, 2008
ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π°.
Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ) ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘.
ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅
Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Β«Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘. ΠΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Β«Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΒ»,
Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΠΠ’Π Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ‘. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄,
Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ
Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π°
Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘.
Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΆ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π» Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅
ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Β«ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ», Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π» Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Β«Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π€Π Π Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π° Π·Π°
ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΠ‘, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ,
Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²
ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°
Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ‘.
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π» ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π» ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ² ΠΠ‘ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅
Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ’Π.
ΠΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ,
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ-Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π² ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°
Π½Π°Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄,
Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π» ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ. Π‘Π¨Π Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π°
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ
ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠΠ, Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΠ»Π°
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π°. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Β«ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²,
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΠ‘ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π°
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΠ‘, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π° Π±Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅
ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ‘. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½
Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ: ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠ‘, Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ
ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΠ‘ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅.Dissertation on receipt of
a scientific degree of political sciences candidate
after the specialty 23.00.04 - political problems of
the international systems and
global development. - The Odessa National Academy of Law. Odessa, 2008.
This thesis is devoted to the complex research of the foreign policy
strategies of France, Germany and the Great Britain in the context of
development and implementation of the Common foreign and security policy
of the European Union. The thesis is contained the summary of the existing
theoretical-conceptual basis of the foreign policy approaches of leading actors
of the European integration's process (France, Germany and the Great Britain)
to the problem of development of the CFSP. The process of the creation of the
CFSP's decision-making and institutional mechanism of the common foreign
policy is analyzed in the context of the national interests of France, Germany
and the Great Britain. The thesis is examined the influence of the transatlantic
factor on this process. In this thesis the basic priorities of regional directions
of the CFSP of the EU are defined. The thesis is analyzed the place and a
role of Ukraine in the concept of regional priorities of implementation of the
CFSP and the prospects of the military-political cooperation between Ukraine
and the EU
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