El liderazgo resonante desde la perspectiva de la educación intercultural en los estudiantes de pregrado (The resonant leadership from the perspective of the intercultural education in undergraduate students)

Este artículo presenta el liderazgo resonante y sus beneficios en el desarrollo de una Educación Intercultural Universitaria en el Perú, ya que no se practica un liderazgo resonante en las universidades, sino que al desconocer e interpretar las emociones de los demás se genera una disonancia que puede desencadenar un conjunto de problemas sociales como la discriminación, dado que cada estudiante presente una manera de expresarse y puede terminar rechazando al otro. Puesto que ellos no han alcanzado la empatía entre sus compañeros y sienten al otro como un extraño y los problemas sociales como ajenos.Para evitar esto, se debería aplicar el liderazgo resonante en los docentes y así el educando aprenderá en condiciones sociales favorables, debido a su modelo donde observará la inteligencia emocional en la interacción de las diferentes culturas.Por ello, se debe promover e impulsar el liderazgo resonante en los docentes en la educación superior

Chronology of Four Climbing Dune Outcrops on the Atlantic Coast of Galicia (NW Spain) Linked to the Sea Level Fall during the MIS6 and MIS4 Isotopic Stages

[Abstract] Numerous sandy deposits, interpreted as the remains of old climbing dunes, are preserved on the cliffy coast of Galicia (northwest Spain). These deposits can be found both in open coastal areas and in the interior of the Galician Rias. In this paper, a formation age is established for four aeolianite outcrops dating back to 166 ± 9 ka, 131 ± 6 ka, 128 ± 18 ka and 62 ± 3 ka, using the IRSL290 signal of feldspars. These sands were mobilised by coastal winds from a sea level lower than the current one during MIS6 and MIS4. The sea level fall during these regressive episodes shifted the coastline several kilometres away from its current position. This favoured the action of the wind blowing over the emerged coastal strip, which acted as a source area for aeolian sands. During warmer episodes, such as the Eemian and the Holocene, the advance of the sands onto the coast was progressively reduced as the sea level rose and the oceanic waters flooded the continental shelf.This research was funded and supported by Xunta de Galicia (programmes ED431B 2018/47 and ED431B 2021/17) through the Grupo Interdisciplinar de Patrimonio Cultural e Xeolóxico (CULXEO)Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2018/47Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2021/1

New Model of Coastal Evolution in the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain) from MIS2 to Present Day Based on the Aeolian Sedimentary Record

This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geological Oceanography[Abstract] Galician Rias are fluvial valleys that were flooded during the last marine transgression in the Atlantic margin. The study of fossil dunes in the Cies Islands, a small archipelago in the mouth of the one of the rias (Ria de Vigo), allowed us to reconstruct the coastal evolution from the end of the Late Pleistocene to the present day. During this period, sea-level was 100 metres below the present one and the shoreline located about 5–10 kilometres away. About 15,000 years ago, sea-level rise began, radically modifying the coastline. This started with a gradual advance of large dune fields on both sides of the valley. The aeolian accretion continued until the Late Holocene, finishing when the sea reached its present level.This research was funded and supported by Xunta de Galicia (programmes ED431B 2018/47 and ED431B 2021/17) through the Grupo Interdisciplinar de Patrimonio Cultural e Xeolóxico (CULXEO)Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2018/47Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2021/1

Frecuencia de anticuerpos contra Hantavirus en agricultores de arroz de una región tropical en el noreste del Perú

Introduction. There is little evidence of hantavirus exposition in Peru. Cases and seroprevalence studies in febrile and asymptomatic persons are from Loreto region; however, there are occupational groups exposure to reservoirs in areas without know virus circulation. Objectives. To determinate the frequency of antibodies against hantavirus in rice farmers of a valley in a subtropical area of Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a random sample of 250 rice farmers enrolled in 2010 in Alto Mayo Valley (San Martin region) that included blood sample obtention, in whose serum the presence of IgG antibodies was determined by indirect ELISA, and IgM antibodies by capture ELISA. Results: We identified a case with IgM antibodies (0,40%, 95% CI: 0,01 to 2,21), we did not find farmers with IgG antibodies. The case had frequent contact with rats and rodents in the home and crop field. Conclusion: We show the first serological evidence of hantavirus infection in the San Martin region.Introducción. Existe limitada evidencia acerca de la exposición al hantavirus en el Perú. Los casos sintomáticos y estudios de seroprevalencia en febriles y población asintomática provienen de la región Loreto; sin embargo, existen grupos ocupacionales expuestos a los reservorios en regiones sin circulación conocida del virus. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos contra el hantavirus en arroceros de un valle ubicado en una zona subtropical del Perú. Métodos. Estudio transversal en una muestra aleatoria de 250 agricultores de arroz obtenida en 2010 en el valle Alto Mayo (región San Martín), que incluyó la obtención de una muestra de sangre en cuyo suero se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos inmunoglobulinas G (IgG) mediante ELISA indirecto, y anticuerpos inmunoglobulinas M (IgM) mediante ELISA de captura. Resultados. Identificamos un caso con anticuerpos IgM (0,40%, IC95%: 0,01 a 2,21), pero no encontramos agricultores con anticuerpos IgG. El caso tenía contacto frecuente con ratas y roedores en la vivienda y campo de cultivo. Conclusión. Mostramos la primera evidencia serológica de infección por hantavirus en la región San Martín

Evaluation of ore deposits potential in the Andahuaylas – Yauri Batholith

INGEMMET through its Resources Mineral and Energy Direction – Metallogenic Program, signed an international cooperation agreement with the Korean Geological Survey (KIGAM) with the purpose of evaluating the ore deposits potential in the Andahuaylas – Yauri Batholith. This investigation includes metallogenetic interpretations using geochronological, isotopic, petromineralogy, structural studies, as well as geochemistry of rocks and sediments. The importance of this area has increased over the years, during which many exploration works were carried out and consequently, many mineral occurrences have been discovered. Considered now as a probable extension of some copper belts of Chile (Perelló et al., 2003); nearly 70% of the area has been granted as mining concessions to different mining companies. Initially, this was considered exclusively a Fe-rich zone, but later on more detailed studies came to the conclusion that it hosts a series of ore deposits related to Cu – Au – Mo porphyry systems. The international cooperation project lasted approximately 9 months, and included three field trips. During this period, mines, projects, prospects and potential areas free from mining claims were evaluated. The Andahuaylas - Batholith domain was divided into two study subzones, known as “A” and “B”. One of the main areas in the subzone “A” was Cotabambas, where a series of porphyry deposits are located and are known collectively as the Cotabamba cluster. In the surroundings of this cluster, the Colca area was recognized, which has some potential to host an ore deposit. The geologic features are very similar to those of the Cotabambas cluster and small outcrops of malachite along fractures can be observed. Several mineral occurrences were visited in zone B, such as: Angostura, Santa Rosa de Virundo, Yuringa, Atacancha, San Diego, Lahuahi, Jara Jara, Utupara and the surrounding areas of Las Bambas. Within this subzone, the Jalaoca area was recognized as an important potential area. This is located about 8 Km west from the Mollebamba city, very close to the inactive mines of San Diego and Lahuani. Polymetallic vein-type mineralization (quartz – molybdenite – hematite – chalcopyrite – bornite and galena) has been identified, as well as stockwork structures with piryte and chalcopyrite probable related to porphyry deposits. Another interesting area in the subzone “B” was Supamarca. This occurrence is located on the left side of the Abancay – Andahuaylas road. Copper suphide mineralization and hematite in thin laminates associated with siliciclastic rocks such as the sandstones of Muñani Formation (Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene) have been identified. These occurrences share some common features with such copper occurrences in red beds in the eastern sector of the Andahuaylas – Yauri Batholith. This document presents new geochemical interpretations based on geochemical analysis of rocks and stream sediments. Geochemical graphic representation of major and trace elements give us an idea about the type of magmatism developed in the area and its associated potential. Isovaloric maps of stream sediments confirm the potential that some areas. Interpretation of the data that polished and thin sections offer, confirm the type of rock and magmatism in the area of study. Finally, using the isotopic data collected from different studies it related the isotopic signatures with the expected tonnage for some porphyry deposits. In this investigation, samples were collected from the Cotabambas cluster for isotopic and geochronology studies. Those samples are being currently analyzed at KIGAM laboratories (Korea). This INGEMMET and KIGAM joint work tries to gather all the information related to the Andahuaylas – Yauri Batholith, and to update the existing geological data with the new data obtained from the field and office work, with the final purpose of providing exploration companies a new regional tool that will help them to better conduct their exploration campaigns

Aeolization on the Atlantic Coast of Galicia (NW Spain) From the End of the Last Glacial Period to the Present Day: Chronology, Origin and Evolution of Coastal Dunes Linked to Sea-Level Oscillations

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] The Atlantic coast of Galicia (NW Spain) is a high-energy environment where shingle beaches are currently developing. These coarser sediments alternate with sandy deposits which are also considered as beaches typical of a low-energy environment. The physical association of both types of sediment with contrasted sedimentary significance raises problems of interpretation. The study of four outcrops of fossil aeolianites on this coast has allowed us to reconstruct their evolution from the end of the Upper Pleistocene to the present day. Their chronology, estimated by optically stimulated luminescence between 35 and 14 ky at the end of the last glaciation (MIS2), coincides with a local sea level 120 m below the present one. This implies a coastline shifted several kilometres from its current location and the subaerial exposure of a wide strip of the continental shelf covered by sands. The wind blew sand to form dunes towards the continent, covering the coastal areas, which then emerged with no other limitation than the active river channels. Sea-level rise during the Holocene transgression has progressively swamped these aeolian deposits, leaving only flooded dunes, relict coastal dunes and climbing dunes on cliffs up to 180 m high. The aeolian process continued as long as there was a sandy source area to erode, although accretion finished when the sea reached its current level (Late Holocene). Since then, the wind turned from accretion to erosion of the dunes and sand beaches. This erosion exposes the older shingle beaches (probably of Eemian age) buried under the aeolian sands, as well as old, submerged forest remains and megalithic monuments. The destruction of sand beaches and dunes currently observed along the Galician coast is linked, according to most researchers, to anthropogenic global warming. However, their management should consider these evolutive issues.This research has been funded and supported by Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia (programmes ED431B 2018/47 and ED431B 2021/17) through the Grupo Interdisciplinar de Patrimonio Cultural e Xeolóxico (CULXEO). Thanks to Universidade da Coruña/Consorcio Interuniversitario del Sistema Universitario de Galicia (CISUG) for Open Acces fundingXunta de Galicia; ED431B 2018/47Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2021/1

Medical students’ publications produced in the Epidemiology course of the Faculty of Medicine, San Marcos University during the period 2003-2009

Introducción: El curso de Epidemiología se dicta en el 5° año de pregrado de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Medicina Humana de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). Uno de los productos finales del curso es la realización de un trabajo de investigación. Objetivos: Determinar el porcentaje de trabajos de investigación producidos durante el curso de Epidemiologia y que son publicados en revistas biomédicas durante el periodo 2003 y 2009. Diseño: Estudio bibliométrico. Lugar: Sección de Epidemiología del Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material bibliográfico: Trabajos de investigación publicados. Métodos: Número de trabajos de investigación producidos en el curso de Epidemiología en el periodo 2003-2009 y publicados en revistas biomédicas. Principales medidas de resultados: Número de trabajos de investigación producidos y publicados en revistas biomédicas. Resultados: Se produjeron 110 trabajos de investigación, de los cuales 13 (11,8%) fueron publicados en alguna revista biomédica. El número promedio de autores de los trabajos publicados fue de siete estudiantes. En ocho de los trabajos publicados se incluyó al profesor asesor como autor. Conclusiones: La producción de publicaciones estudiantiles es baja, la falta de interés por publicar de los médicos peruanos se observa desde el pregrado. Existen factores asociados al estudiante, al plan de estudio y a las mismas revistas biomédicas que podrían explicar este fenómeno.Background: The epidemiology course is taught in the 5th year of undergraduate Academic Professional School of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the San Marcos University. One of the outcomes at the end of this course is research that usually will not be published. Objectives: To determine the percentage of research produced during the course of epidemiology and published in biomedical journals during the period 2003-2009. Design: Bibliometric study. Setting: Epidemiology Section, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Nacional mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Bibliographic material: Research work published. Methods: Papers elaborated in the epidemiology course and published in biomedical journals during the period 2003-2009. Main outcome measures: Number of research papers produced and published in biomedical journals. Results: From 110 research works 13 (11.8%) were published in biomedical journals. Authors average number per paper was 7 students; 8 papers considered the tutor as an author. Conclusions: The production of student publications is low. Peruvian physicians’ lack of interest in publishing is observed since undergraduate. There are factors associated with the student, study plans and biomedical journals that could explain this phenomenon

Hidradenitis supurativa con afectación glútea: análisis de 83 pacientes

Hidradenitis supurativa; Hidradenitis glútea; InflamaciónHidradenitis supurativa; Hidradenitis glútea; InflamacióHidradenitis suppurativa; Gluteal hidradenitis; InflammationBackground: In 2013, Canoui-Poitrine et al. identified three hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) phenotypes by a latent class (LC) analysis, based on anatomical sites of involvement. Objective: To improve the classification of the gluteal phenotype (LC3) patients given their diverse lesion types and differences in clinical profile. Material and methods: We designed a bicentric study gathering all LC3 patients (n=83) from two hospitals. We conducted a two-step cluster analysis among them and also compared their characteristics with the rest of the HS patients (n=661). Results: Compared with global HS series, LC3 patients were more frequently non-obese men, with smoking habit, an associated arthropathy, and a more frequent history of pilonidal sinus. The analysis of LC3 patients yielded two clusters: cluster 1 (38.3%) included elderly female patients, with later diagnosis of the disease and more sinus tracts; cluster 2 (61.7%) encompassed more men with earlier disease onset and more nodules and folliculitis lesions. Limitations: The study's limitations include its retrospective nature, bicentric design, and small sample size. Conclusion: The heterogeneous clinical presentation of HS makes it essential to have a good classification of the patients. Gluteal phenotype could actually be classified into two "subphenotypes" with a different clinical profiles and management.Antecedentes: En 2013 Canoui-Poitrine et al. identificaron tres fenotipos de hidradenitis supurativa (HS) mediante un análisis de clases latentes (LC) basado en las regiones anatómicas afectadas. Objetivo: Mejorar la clasificación de los pacientes con fenotipo glúteo (LC3) dados los diversos tipos de lesiones y diferencias en el perfil clínico. Material y métodos: Disenamos ˜ un estudio bicéntrico que incluyó a todos los pacientes con LC3 (n = 83) de dos hospitales terciarios espanoles. ˜ Realizamos un análisis de conglomerados en dos etapas dentro del grupo LC3 y también comparamos sus características con el resto de los pacientes con HS (n = 661). Resultados: En comparación con la serie global de HS, los pacientes con LC3 fueron más frecuentemente hombres no obesos, fumadores, con una artritis asociada y con mayor prevalencia de sinus pilonidal. El análisis de los pacientes LC3 resultó en dos grupos: el grupo 1 (38,3%), que incluía pacientes mayores, de sexo femenino, con diagnóstico más tardío de la enfermedad y más trayectos sinusales; y el grupo 2 (61,7%), que englobaba a más hombres con inicio temprano de la enfermedad y más nódulos y lesiones de foliculitis. Limitaciones: Las limitaciones del estudio incluyen su naturaleza retrospectiva, el diseno˜ bicéntrico y el tamano˜ muestral reducido. Conclusión: La presentación clínica heterogénea de la HS hace que sea esencial disponer de una buena clasificación clínica de los pacientes. Como hemos visto, parece que el fenotipo glúteo podría clasificarse en dos «subfenotipos» con perfiles clínicos y, consecuentemente, enfoques terapéuticos diferentes

TL estimation of ages of pottery fragments recovered from granite caves in the NW coast of Spain

[Abstract] Granite caves and cavities are geomorphological environments associated with underground water flows with a strong turbulent regime linked to seasonality. Though not much studied, they have a great sedimentary and geomorphological interest but sometimes also archaeological because remains of human activity (mainly lithic industry and pottery). Pottery remains appear either exposed or buried and may be characterised mineralogically and dated by thermoluminescence (TL). Water dynamics justifies erosion and fragmentation of ceramic remains which appear broken and spread inside the cavities. This fact hinders their dating due to the small size of the fragments and the disappearance of the original sedimentary context, which does not allow the calculation of part of the received annual radiation dose. In this work, the results from the dating and the estimation of ages of different ceramic fragments of several granite caves of Galicia are presented. The obtained ages go from Medieval (1 ka BP) to Roman or pre-Roman (2 ka BP), Chalcolithic (6 ka BP) and even the beginning of the Neolithic (7 ka BP)