SUPRIMENTO ARTERIAL PARA AS GLÂNDULAS ADRENAIS NORATÃO-DO-BANHADO (Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782)

Foram estudados os componentes vasculares arteriais destinados à irrigação sangüínea das glândulas adrenais de 10 exemplares adultos, machos e fêmeas, de ratãodo- banhado (Myocastor coypus). Esses animais foram injetados, após morte natural, através da artéria carótida comum, com solução corada de Neoprene látex, em seguida foram fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10%, mantidos em recipientes contendo a mesma solução, por período mínimo de 72 horas, e dissecados. As dissecações permitiram observar que: a) a glândula adrenal direita foi atingida por ramos colaterais provenientes das artérias frênica caudal direita (50%), abdominal cranial direita (30%), renal direita (30%), primeira lombar (30%) e aorta abdominal (30%); b) para a glândula adrenal esquerda foram destinados colaterais provenientes das artérias renal esquerda (80%), aorta abdominal (50%), abdominal cranial esquerda (20%) e segunda lombar (10%). Arterial supply forto the adrenal glands of the nutria (Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782) Abstract An anatomical study has been carried out on the arterial branching system for nutria (Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782) adrenal glands blood supply. After natural death, a total of 10 male and female adult nutrias were injected through the carotid artery with a colored solution of Neoprene latex. Soon after this step they were maintained for a period of 72 hours of fixation in a 10% aqueous solution of formalin, being dissected right after this procedure. The following observations were then carried out: a) the right adrenal gland is supplied by branches of the right caudal phrenic artery (50%), right cranial abdominal artery (30%), right renal artery (30%), first lumbar artery (30%)_, and abdominal aorta (30%); b) the left adrenal gland is supplied by branches from the left renal artery (80%), abdominal aorta (50%), left cranial abdominal artery (20%) and the second lumbar artery (10%)

Cerebrovascular risk factors and their time-dependent effects on stroke survival in the EMMA cohort study

To investigate the time-dependent effects of traditional risk factors on functional disability in all-cause mortality post-stroke, we evaluated data from a long-term stroke cohort. Baseline cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRF) and functionality at 1 and 6 months were evaluated in survivors from a prospective stroke cohort using the modified Rankin scale (m-RS), which classifies participants as improvement of disability, unchanged disability (at least moderate), and worsening disability. Cox regression models considering baseline risk factors, medication use, and functionality 6 months after stroke were fitted to identify their time-dependent effects up to 12 years of follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented. Among 632 survivors (median age 68, 54% male, 71% first-ever episode), age and functional disability (unchanged and worsening) 6 months after ischemic stroke had time-dependent effects on all-cause mortality risk up to 12 years of follow-up. The most impacting risk factors were unchanged (at least moderate) (HR, 2.99; 95%CI: 1.98-4.52) and worsening disability (HR, 2.85; 95%CI: 1.26-6.44), particularly in the first two years after a stroke event (Time 1: ≥6 mo to &lt;2.5 y). Worsening disability also impacted mortality in the period from ≥2.5 to &lt;7.5 years (Time 2) of follow-up (HR, 2.43 (95%CI: 1.03-5.73). Other baseline factors had a fixed high-risk effect on mortality during follow-up. Post-stroke and continuous medication use had a fixed protective effect on mortality. Functional disability was the main contributor with differential risks of mortality up to 12 years of follow-up.</p

Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do rim de cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) Anatomical-surgical arterial segments of the kidney in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha)

Foram estudados 20 pares de rins decutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831), com o objetivo de descrever os segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais. As artérias renais foram injetadas com solução de Vinilite corada, e os rins foram submetidos à corrosão ácida para a obtenção dos moldes vasculares. Observou-se que as artérias renais da cutia, sempre únicas, dividiram-se em artéria setorial ventral e artéria setorial dorsal, caracterizando dois setores renais separados por plano avascular. As artérias setoriais penetraram no hilo renal (100% dos casos). Estes vasos deram origem aos ramos segmentares responsáveis pela irrigação de territórios independentes em cada setor, os segmentos arteriais renais. No rim direito foram observados 3 (60%), 4 (35%) e 5 segmentos (5%) no setor arterial ventral e 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) e 6 (5%) segmentos no setor dorsal e, à esquerda, 2(10%), 3 (55%) e 4 (35%) segmentos no setor ventral e 3 (25%), 4 (50%) e 5 (25%) no dorsal. Com base na distribuição arterial nos rins de cutia, observaram-se setores e segmentos arteriais independentes, sendo possível, desta forma, a realização de setoriectomia e segmentectomia nesta espécie.<br>Twenty pairs of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) kidneys were studied to describe the arterial anatomical-surgical segments. The renal arteries were injected with stained acetate vinyl, followed by procedures of acid corrosion in order to obtain vascular casts. It was found that the renal artery is always single and bifurcated into ventral and dorsal sectorial arteries. The sectorial arteries reached the kidneys (100% of the cases) through the hilus. These vessels gave origin to segmental branches responsible for kidney irrigation. At the right kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (60% of the cases), 4 (35%) and 5 (5%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) and 6 (5%) segmental arteries separated by a vascular sector. At the left kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries originated 2 (10%), 3 (55%) or 4 (35%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (25%), 4 (50%) and 5 (25%) segmental branches. Based on the arterial distribution of agouti kidneys, independent sections and arterial segments were found, so that it is possible to accomplish partial kidney resection surgery

A organização e a prática da Vigilância em Saúde em municípios de pequeno porte

O processo de descentralização do Sistema de Saúde delegou responsabilidades para os municípios que antes eram de nível federal. Uma dessas tarefas descentralizadas é a Vigilância em Saúde para a qual os municípios recebem verba federal. Municípios de pequeno porte têm dificuldade de responder a essa tarefa pela falta de capacitação e pela escassez de recursos financeiros e humanos, acarretando a sobreposição de funções. O objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir as consequências dessa sobreposição de responsabilidades sobre o desempenho do papel da vigilância em saúde em quatro pequenos municípios da região do Vale do Rio Caí (RS). Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, com coleta de dados por meio de grupos focais com os profissionais da vigilância, entrevistas com os secretários municipais de saúde e consulta a documentos de gestão municipal. Os dados foram interpretados na perspectiva de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados emergiram duas categorias analíticas explicativas do funcionamento da vigilância em saúde nesses pequenos municípios: desvalorização da vigilância e falta de planejamento na vigilância. Esses resultados permitiram discutir criticamente o papel da vigilância para alcançar a integralidade das práticas; os modelos de gestão e de atenção à saúde definidores das prioridades dos serviços de saúde; e a pertinência do processo de descentralização e delegação de tarefas da vigilância para a responsabilidade de municípios de pequeno porte.The decentralization process of the Health System entrusted the municipalities with responsibilities that used to be at federal level. One of these decentralized duties is the Health Surveillance for which the municipalities receive federal budget. Small municipalities struggle to meet this duty because of the lack of capacitation and the shortage of human and financial resources, producing the overlapping of duties. The aim of this research is to discuss the consequences of these duties overlapping the performance of the health surveillance role in four small municipalities in the region of Vale do Rio Caí (RS). It is both a case and a qualitative study, with data gathering through focus groups with surveillance professionals, interviews with municipal health secretaries, and consultation of municipal management documents. Data were interpreted in the content analysis perspective. Two analytical categories that explain the health surveillance functioning in these small municipalities emerged as outcomes: surveillance devaluation and lack of planning in surveillance. These outcomes enabled the critical discussion of the surveillance role in order to achieve practice comprehensiveness; the health care and management models that define health services’ priorities, and the relevance of the process of decentralization and entrusting surveillance duties to small municipalities’ responsibility

Cardiovascular Health and Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter: A Cross-Sectional Study from ELSA-Brasil

Abstract Background The association between ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) status and atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF) diagnosis has been less studied compared to other cardiovascular diseases. Objective To analyze the association between AFF diagnosis and ICVH metrics and scores in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This study analyzed data from 13,141 participants with complete data. Electrocardiographic tracings were coded according to the Minnesota Coding System, in a centralized reading center. ICVH metrics (diet, physical activity, body mass index, smoking, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol) and scores were calculated as proposed by the American Heart Association. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were built to analyze the association of ICVH metrics and scores with AFF diagnosis. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results The sample had a median age of 55 years and 54.4% were women. In adjusted models, ICVH scores were not significantly associated with prevalent AFF diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]:0.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.80-1.16; p=0.70). Ideal blood pressure (OR:0.33; 95% CI:0.15–0.74; p=0.007) and total cholesterol (OR:1.88; 95% CI:1.19–2.98; p=0.007) profiles were significantly associated with AFF diagnosis. Conclusions No significant associations were identified between global ICVH scores and AFF diagnosis after multivariable adjustment in our analyses, at least partially due to the antagonistic associations of AFF with blood pressure and total cholesterol ICVH metrics. Our results suggest that estimating the prevention of AFF burden using global ICVH scores may not be adequate, and ICVH metrics should be considered in separate