Diseño de plan estratégico de mercadeo para la empresa “World Shine” especializada en la producción y comercialización de rótulos luminosos “Eco Shine”, ubicada en el municipio de Jinotepe, departamento de Carazo, durante el II semestre del año 2016

El presente trabajo de seminario incorpora un análisis competitivo de mercado para determinar los factores que influyen en la funcionalidad de la empresa World Shine, este estudio se define como exploratorio descriptivo. Análisis y proyección de la oferta y la demanda, a través de un estudio de mercado, elaborando el perfil del consumidor y proyectando cual sería la demanda real en base al grado de insatisfacción de los consumidores el cual alcanzo un 50% en el rango de muy bajo y solo el 20% muy alto, sin embargo afirmaron que de presentarse una mejor oferta no dudarían en cambiar de proveedor, es decir existe 0% de fidelidad en los clientes. Selección de los proveedores; se optó por la empresa Acrílicos S.A cuyos beneficios incluyen la entrega de materiales directamente en la empresa. Se realizó el diseño de la matriz FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades y Amenazas) determinando el plan estratégico a implementar, las estrategias para la mezcla de marketing (4ps). Estableciendo una estrategia a mediano plazo, donde en el 1er año se implementara un plan de introducción para obtener los recursos monetarios para iniciar operaciones, del 2do al 4to año se aplica el plan de acción desarrollado, y en el 5to año considerando el descenso de la demanda debido al ciclo de vida de los productos, aplicando una estrategia de desarrollo de mercados. Se elaboró el plan de acción basado en el cumplimiento de las estrategias y el presupuesto que contemplan el movimiento financiero de la empresa y los métodos de control estratégicos

BAFF system expression in double negative 2, activated naïve and activated memory B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

IntroductionB cell activating factor (BAFF) has an important role in normal B cell development. The aberrant expression of BAFF is related with the autoimmune diseases development like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for promoting self-reactive B cells survival. BAFF functions are exerted through its receptors BAFF-R (BR3), transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are reported to have differential expression on B cells in SLE. Recently, atypical B cells that express CD11c have been associated with SLE because they are prone to develop into antibody-secreting cells, however the relationship with BAFF remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the BAFF system expression on CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subsets double negative 2 (DN2), activated naïve (aNAV), switched memory (SWM) and unswitched memory (USM) B cells.MethodsForty-five SLE patients and 15 healthy subjects (HS) were included. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of the receptors in the B cell subpopulations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the soluble levels of BAFF (sBAFF) and IL-21.ResultsWe found increased frequency of CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, aNAV, SWM and USM B cells in SLE patients compared to HS. SLE patients had increased expression of membrane BAFF (mBAFF) and BCMA receptor in classic B cell subsets (DN, NAV, SWM and USM). Also, the CXCR5+ CD11c- DN1, resting naïve (rNAV), SWM and USM B cell subsets showed higher mBAFF expression in SLE. CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, SWM and USM B cells showed strong correlations with the expression of BAFF receptors. The atypical B cells DN2 in SLE showed significant decreased expression of TACI, which correlated with higher IL-21 levels. Also, lower expression of TACI in atypical B cell DN2 was associated with high disease activity.DiscussionThese results suggest a participation of the BAFF system in CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subsets in SLE patients. Decreased TACI expression on atypical B cells DN2 correlated with high disease activity in SLE patients supporting the immunoregulatory role of TACI in autoimmunity

Nuevos escenarios para la docencia universitaria : entornos híbridos y pedagogías emergentes.

Memorias del IX Simposio Internacional de Docencia Universitaria (SIDU)Los trabajos reunidos en esta Memoria representan una contribución importante al campo de la educación y de la docencia universitaria, en tanto muestran distintas maneras de responder a las problemáticas educativas cotidianas y presentan propuestas para afrontar los retos emergentes en el campo de la educación superior. Invitamos a los lectores a realizar una lectura atenta y crítica de los trabajos compilados en esta publicación. Estamos seguros de que este acercamiento propiciará la reflexión y el análisis riguroso de los objetos de estudio abordados por los autores, y estimulará la generación de nuevos proyectos de investigación, intervención e innovación educativa que incidan en el desarrollo de mejores prácticas de docencia en educación media superior y superior.Pimera edición digitaldoi.org/10.56019/EDU-CETYS.2024.182

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Aplicación de diferentes dosis de fertilizante foliar Kaliumax en el cultivo de frijol castilla (Vigna unguiculata L.) para mejorar su rendimiento

The present investigation used Kaliumax foliar fertilizer in the cultivation of castilla beans, experimental tests were carried out in an agricultural soil of the city of Barranca, and aimed to determine which dose of Kaliumax achieves greater yield. In the experimental practice the treatments were fixed according to the practical information used by the farmers, these were T1 = 00, T2 = 0,5, T3 = 1,0, T4 = 1,5 l. Kaliumax / 200 l, the application to the crop was made at 37, 51 and 65 days. The statistical model that was used was the Completely Random Block Design with four treatments and four blocks and the data was processed with Duncan Analysis of Variance and Test. Once the results were obtained, it was determined that T3 stood out in flower / plant count with 28,41 flowers; pod count with physiological maturity 18,07 pods; average pods / plant with 44,31 pods; pod weight / plant 112,45 g; commercial yield with 2,79 tn / ha. In the laboratory, T4 stood out with foliar analysis of 3,50 g / 100 g dry matter, as for T3 it stood out in length of sheath with 16,15 cm and weight of 100 grains per sample with 22,10 g. Regarding the economic aspect, the highest cost / benefit was achieved in Q3 with S/ 0,52La presente investigación utilizó el fertilizante foliar Kaliumax en el cultivo de frijol castilla, las pruebas experimentales se realizaron en un suelo agrícola de la ciudad de Barranca, y tuvo como objetivo determinar que dosis de Kaliumax logra mayor rendimiento. En la práctica experimental se fijó los tratamientos de acuerdo a la información práctica que emplean los agricultores, estos fueron T1 = 00, T2 = 0,5, T3 = 1,0, T4 = 1,5 Kaliumax /200 l, la aplicación al cultivo se hizo a los 37, 51 y 65 días. El modelo estadístico que se empleó fue el Diseño de Bloque Completamente alAzar con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro bloques y se procesaron los datos con Análisis deVarianza y Prueba de Duncan. Obtenidos los resultados se determinó que elT3 resaltó en conteo de flores/ planta con 28,41 flores; conteo de vainas con madurez fisiológica 18,07 vainas; promedio de vainas/ planta con 44,31 vainas; peso de vainas/ planta 112,45 g ; rendimiento comercial con 2,79 tn/ha. En laboratorio resaltó el T4 con análisis foliar de 3,50 g/100 g materia seca, en cuanto al T3 destacó en longitud de vaina con 16,15 cmy peso de 100 granos por muestra con 22,10 g. Respecto al aspecto económico el mayor costo/beneficio se logró en el T3 con S/ 0,5

A Strategy to Provide a Present and Future Scenario of Mexican Biodiversity of Tardigrada

Although the number of known tardigrade taxa in Mexico has increased significantly in the last ten years, the knowledge of their diversity faces challenges, as more than half of the Mexican territory has no records of this phylum. Thus, we developed a strategy to provide a present and future scenario for understanding the Mexican biodiversity of Tardigrada, described the distribution patterns of the current recorded species, calculated the estimated richness, and the estimated taxonomic effort needed to complete the national inventory. We obtained 474 records of 105 taxa, belonging to 42 genera and 75 species, distributed in 12 of the 14 biogeographical provinces of Mexico. We found that 54.72% of the species are present in more than three world regions and 3.79% of species that have been recorded only in Mexican provinces. Distribution patterns could be recognized for 11 species, two of which have a Nearctic distribution, seven are Neotropical and two are distributed in both regions. The Mexican biogeographical provinces with the greatest diversity of tardigrades, both at specific and generic level, were the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TVBP) and the Sierras Madre Oriental (SMOrP) and Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOcP), which have been previously identified as particularly species-rich regions. Diversity estimation methods predict that more than 290 species of tardigrades could be found in Mexico

Blood Groups Distribution and Gene Diversity of the ABO and Rh (D) Loci in the Mexican Population

Objective. To determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh (D) antigens and, additionally, investigate gene diversity and the structure of Mexican populations. Materials and Methods. Blood groups were tested in 271,164 subjects from 2014 to 2016. The ABO blood group was determined by agglutination using the antibodies anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D for the Rh factor, respectively. Results. The overall distribution of ABO and Rh (D) groups in the population studied was as follows: O: 61.82%; A: 27.44%; B: 8.93%; and AB: 1.81%. For the Rh group, 95.58% of people were Rh (D), and 4.42% were Rh (d). Different distributions of blood groups across regions were found; additionally, genetic analysis revealed that the IO and ID allele showed an increasing trend from the north to the center, while the IA and Id allele tended to increase from the center to the north. Also, we found more gene diversity in both loci in the north compared with the center, suggesting population structure in Mexico. Conclusion. This work could help health institutions to identify where they can obtain blood products necessary for medical interventions. Moreover, this piece of information contributes to the knowledge of the genetic structure of the Mexican populations which could have significant implications in different fields of biomedicine

Complicaciones asociadas a catéter de diálisis peritoneal en pacientes del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos

Objetivo: Identificar las complicaciones m&aacute;s frecuentes asociadasal uso de cat&eacute;ter de di&aacute;lisis peritoneal en pacientes delHospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos.Materiales y m&eacute;todos: Se trat&oacute; de un estudio descriptivoy retrospectivo en pacientes adultos, ingresados al HospitalGeneral del Norte de Guayaquil IESS los Ceibos, con algunacomplicaci&oacute;n asociada al uso de cat&eacute;ter de di&aacute;lisis peritonealdurante el periodo comprendido entre mayo y agosto de2018. Se emplearon los datos cl&iacute;nicos de las historias quese encuentran en el departamento de registros m&eacute;dicos delmencionado hospital.Resultados: De los 42 pacientes evaluados, la complicaci&oacute;nm&aacute;s frecuente fue la presencia de peritonitis o infecci&oacute;n (57%;n=24), seguido de la aparici&oacute;n de hernias (12%; n=5), cambiode modalidad (12%; n=5) y cambio de cat&eacute;ter (2%; n=1).Conclusi&oacute;n: Los pacientes sometidos a DP en el HospitalGeneral del Norte de Guayaquil IESS los Ceibos presentanuna alta frecuencia de complicaciones espec&iacute;ficamente infecci&oacute;no peritonitis

Complicaciones asociadas a catéter de diálisis peritoneal en pacientes del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos

Objetivo: Identificar las complicaciones m&aacute;s frecuentes asociadasal uso de cat&eacute;ter de di&aacute;lisis peritoneal en pacientes delHospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos.Materiales y m&eacute;todos: Se trat&oacute; de un estudio descriptivoy retrospectivo en pacientes adultos, ingresados al HospitalGeneral del Norte de Guayaquil IESS los Ceibos, con algunacomplicaci&oacute;n asociada al uso de cat&eacute;ter de di&aacute;lisis peritonealdurante el periodo comprendido entre mayo y agosto de2018. Se emplearon los datos cl&iacute;nicos de las historias quese encuentran en el departamento de registros m&eacute;dicos delmencionado hospital.Resultados: De los 42 pacientes evaluados, la complicaci&oacute;nm&aacute;s frecuente fue la presencia de peritonitis o infecci&oacute;n (57%;n=24), seguido de la aparici&oacute;n de hernias (12%; n=5), cambiode modalidad (12%; n=5) y cambio de cat&eacute;ter (2%; n=1).Conclusi&oacute;n: Los pacientes sometidos a DP en el HospitalGeneral del Norte de Guayaquil IESS los Ceibos presentanuna alta frecuencia de complicaciones espec&iacute;ficamente infecci&oacute;no peritonitis

Ambite. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público

Ambite. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público. Publicación digital de los trabajos elaborados por los estudiantes del curso 2017/18 de la asignatura La Ciudad y el Medio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Muestra una serie de propuestas elaboradas en la asignatura para mejorar bioclimáticamente diferentes espacios públicos municipales en el marco del acuerdo realizado entre el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio y el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Ambite (Madrid)