Potencijalna korist meteoroloških informacija u prometu

U uvodu se ukazuje na ulogu i značaj meteorološke službe u valorizaciji prometa Republike Hrvatske. U drugom poglavlju daju se ciljevi i nabrajaju korisnici meteoroloških informacija u prometu, objašnjava priroda korisničkih zahtjeva i njihova identifikacija, vrste i sadržaj meteoroloških informacija, odnos korisnika prema ovim informacijama, te načini ostvarenja potencijalnih koristi u prometu. U trećem poglavlju obrazlaže se potreba upoznavanja meteorologa s djelatnostima korisnika informacija te osposobljavanje korisnika, i svih onih koji po prirodi posla dolaze u dodir s meteorološkim informacijama na putu od meteorologa do korisnika, kako bi se one optimalno koristile. U četvrtom poglavlju prikazan je sastav simulacijskog modela za istraživanje i primjenu potencijalnih koristi meteoroloških informacija u prometu, te se ukratko opisuje metodologija za njihovo efikasno korištenje od strane korisnika primjenom cost/benefit analize na jednostavnom primjeru

Demographic characteristics of the infants.

<p>Demographic characteristics of the infants.</p

Cytokine TA concentrations in infants treated with iNO compared to placebo-treated controls.

<p>Serial TA samples were obtained from PD2 to PD14. Data are displayed as the mean of TA levels and SD on a logarithmic scale. <b>A:</b> TGF-β₁ TA levels were overall decreased by iNO treatment (⋆, p<0.05) and specifically decreased on PD2 (⋆, p<0.05) in iNO-treated infants. <b>B:</b> IL-1β TA levels were not significantly affected in iNO-treated infants and increased with advancing postnatal age from PD2 to PD14 in both groups (###, p<0.001). <b>C:</b> IL-6 TA levels were not altered by iNO treatment and increased with advancing postnatal age from PD2 to PD14 in both groups (#, p<0.05). <b>D:</b> NPY TA levels were not altered by iNO treatment or postnatal age. PD: postnatal day.</p

Mixed model ANOVA (<i>p</i>-values).

<p>Mixed model ANOVA (<i>p</i>-values).</p

ASM and albumin TA concentrations in infants treated with iNO compared to placebo-treated controls.

<p>Serial TA samples were obtained from PD2 to PD14. Data are displayed as the mean of TA levels and SD on a logarithmic scale <b>A:</b> ASM TA levels were significantly elevated on PD14 in iNO-treated infants (⋆, p<0.05) and increased with advancing postnatal age from PD2 to PD14 in both groups (###, p<0.001). <b>B:</b> Albumin TA levels were not altered by iNO treatment and increased with advancing postnatal age from PD2 to PD14 in both groups (##, p<0.01). PD: postnatal day.</p

Variation in term birthweight across European countries affects the prevalence of small for gestational age among very preterm infants.

AIM: This study assessed the prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) among very preterm (VPT) infants using national and European intrauterine references. METHODS: We generated country-specific and common European intrauterine growth references for 11 European countries, according to Gardosi's approach and Hadlock's foetal growth model, using national data on birthweights by sex. These references were applied to the Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) cohort, which comprised 7766 live VPT births without severe congenital anomalies under 32 weeks of gestation in 2011-2012, to estimate the prevalence of infants with SGA birthweights, namely those below the 10th percentile. RESULTS: The SGA prevalence was 31.8% with country-specific references and 34.0% with common European references. The European references yielded a 10-point difference in the SGA prevalence between countries with lower term birthweights (39.9%) - Portugal, Italy and France - and higher term birthweights, namely Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden (28.9%; p < 0.001). This was not observed with country-specific references, where the respective figures were 32.4% and 33.9% (p = 0.34), respectively. CONCLUSION: One-third of VPT infants were SGA according to intrauterine references. Common European references showed significant differences in SGA prevalence between countries with high and low-term birthweights

Specialist health care services use in a European cohort of infants born very preterm.

AIM: Children born very preterm require additional specialist care because of the health and developmental risks associated with preterm birth, but information on their health service use is sparse. We sought to describe the use of specialist services by children born very preterm in Europe. METHOD: We analysed data from the multi-regional, population-based Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) cohort of births before 32 weeks' gestation in 11 European countries. Perinatal data were abstracted from medical records and parents completed a questionnaire at 2 years corrected age (4322 children; 2026 females, 2296 males; median gestational age 29wks, interquartile range [IQR] 27-31wks; median birthweight 1230g, IQR 970-1511g). We compared parent-reported use of specialist services by country, perinatal risk (based on gestational age, small for gestational age, and neonatal morbidities), maternal education, and birthplace. RESULTS: Seventy-six per cent of the children had consulted at least one specialist, ranging across countries from 53.7% to 100%. Ophthalmologists (53.4%) and physiotherapists (48.0%) were most frequently consulted, but individual specialists varied greatly by country. Perinatal risk was associated with specialist use, but the gradient differed across countries. Children with more educated mothers had higher proportions of specialist use in three countries. INTERPRETATION: Large variations in the use of specialist services across Europe were not explained by perinatal risk and raise questions about the strengths and limits of existing models of care. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Use of specialist services by children born very preterm varied across Europe. This variation was observed for types and number of specialists consulted. Perinatal risk was associated with specialist care, but did not explain country-level differences. In some countries, mothers' educational level affected use of specialist services