16 research outputs found

    Das MĂ€nnerbild der Lieder-Edda

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    In dieser Arbeit wird versucht das MĂ€nnerbild des mittelalterlichen Island an Hand der Lieder-Edda darzustellen. Dazu wird zunĂ€chst ein umfassender Überblick ĂŒber die islĂ€ndische Gesellschaft sowie die nordische Mythologie und die Lieder der Edda vermittelt. Anschließend wird auf Ă€ußere Attribute von MĂ€nnern und Frauen in deren Darstellung in der Edda eingegangen, sowie eine, mit Quellen unterstĂŒtzte, Abhandlung ĂŒber das gesellschaftliche System von Ehre, Rache, Spott und magischen Praktiken gegeben. Es folgt der Versuch einer Einteilung in einige augenfĂ€llige MĂ€nnertypen in der Edda. Schließlich wird zuletzt auf die Sonderrolle starker Frauengestalten und WalkĂŒren sowie deren VerhĂ€ltnis zum MĂ€nnerbild und die Regeln der Brautwerbung eingegangen. Die Schlussfolgerung ist, dass das MĂ€nnerbild dieser Zeit wohl auf einem wesentlich komplexeren System grĂŒndet als vielleicht angenommen und dass in der Ă€lteren Forschung ein zu einseitiges militantes MĂ€nnerbild gezeichnet wurde

    Integrating Geophysical and Photographic Data to Visualize the Quarried Structures of the Roman Town of Bassianae

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    Large parts of the urban layout of the abandoned Roman town of Bassianae (in present-day Serbia) are still discernible on the surface today due to the deliberate and targeted quarrying of the Roman foundations. In 2014, all of the town's intramural (and some extramural) areas were surveyed using aerial photography, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetometry to analyze the site's topography and to map remaining buried structures. The surveys showed a strong agreement between the digital surface model derived from the aerial photographs and the geophysical prospection data. However, many structures could only be detected by one method, underlining the benefits of a complementary archaeological prospection approach using multiple methods. This article presents the results of the extensive surveys and their comprehensive integrative interpretation, discussing Bassianae's ground plan and urban infrastructure. Starting with an overview of this Roman town's research history, we present the details of the triple prospection approach, followed by the processing, integrative analysis, and interpretation of the acquired data sets. Finally, this newly gained information is contrasted with a plan of Roman Bassianae compiled in 1935

    Die historische Landschaft des Leithagebirges

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    Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der spĂ€tmittelalterlichen und frĂŒhneuzeitlichen Landschaft der Herrschaft Scharfeneck. Das Untersuchungsgebiet umfasst das Territorium zwischen Leitha und Neusiedler See im Osten Österreichs, mit Burg Scharfeneck am Leithagebirge in dessen Zentrum. Die Arbeit stĂŒtzt sich dabei in erster Linie auf das mittels Airborne Laserscanning (ALS) erstellte hochauflösende digitale GelĂ€ndemodell (DGM) mit all seinen obertĂ€gig erhaltenen archĂ€ologischen Strukturen, auf ein frĂŒhneuzeitliches Besitzverzeichnis der Herrschaft sowie auf diverse historische Karten des Gebiets. Die dabei angestrebte interdisziplinĂ€re Herangehensweise, vereint etablierte Methoden und Quellen der ArchĂ€ologischen Prospektion und der LandschaftsarchĂ€ologie mit jenen der Geschichtswissenschaft. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunĂ€chst auf die verbindenden sowie trennenden Elemente der Geschichtswissenschaft und der ArchĂ€ologie eingegangen und anschließend werden einige Teildisziplinen und mögliche neue AnsĂ€tze besprochen, welche hier als wesentlich fĂŒr diese interdisziplinĂ€re Zusammenarbeit betrachtet werden. Anschließend folgt eine detaillierte Darstellung des Untersuchungsgebiets, der verwendeten Quellen und der angewandten Methoden. Darauf setzt sich der Kern der Arbeit nach einem kurzen historischen Abriss ĂŒber die Herrschaft mit den einzelnen landschaftlichen Elementen des Untersuchungsgebiets auseinander. Jedes dieser Elemente wird dabei einzeln anhand aller zur VerfĂŒgung stehender Quellen untersucht und besprochen, begleitet von nötigen themenbezogenen Einleitungen zu Forschungsstand und Thematik. Dabei beginnt die Betrachtung im Zentrum bei der Burg selbst und wird anschließend auf weitere Wehranlagen im Untersuchungsgebiet ausgeweitet. Dem folgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit den historisch gewachsenen Grenzen, den Verkehrswegen und der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung von Scharfeneck. Die Synthese bildet schließlich eine auf diesen unterschiedlichen landschaftlichen Elementen aufbauende integrierte Interpretation der historischen Landschaft Scharfenecks. Sie ergibt das Bild einer langen diachronen Entwicklung. Der Kern der Herrschaft bildete sich wohl im Hochmittelalter im Zuge einer innerungarischen Auseinandersetzung zwischen den Herren von Ödenburg und Wieselburg, die sich aufgrund der topografischen Abschirmung des Gebiets gegen Ungarn und das restliche Ödenburger Territorium zunĂ€chst zugunsten Wieselburgs entschied. Ein Umstand, den schließlich auch die in den Grenzraum kommenden Scharfenecker und ihre Erben zu nutzen wussten, indem sie ihre SelbststĂ€ndigkeit von der ungarischen Krone weiter ausbauten. Dabei halfen ihnen die natĂŒrlichen Ressourcen des Leitharaums sowie eine starke strategische Position an wichtigen Handelswegen und GrenzĂŒbergĂ€ngen. Ihre Herrschaftszentren wurden an neuralgischen Punkten errichtet, kommunizierten zumindest im Falle von Burg Scharfeneck jedoch auch einen gewissen Herrschaftsanspruch an ihre Nachbarn. Die vorhandenen landwirtschaftlichen NutzflĂ€chen wurden optimal genutzt und nach topografischen Bedingungen in große zusammenhĂ€ngende Blöcke von Äckern, Wiesen und Forst unterteilt. Einige der das Leithagebirge querenden Verkehrswege scheinen Ă€lter als die im SpĂ€tmittelalter teils vorĂŒbergehend teils endgĂŒltig wĂŒst gefallenen Orte zu sein und werden auch von den Flursystemen respektiert. Eine stratigrafische Untersuchung der Wege und Fluren spiegelt darĂŒber hinaus auch die spĂ€te Erweiterung der Herrschaft um den nördlichsten Ort Sommerein wider, der mit einer Konzentration des Verkehrs sowie einer Verlegung der RichtstĂ€tte weiter nach Norden einhergegangen zu sein scheint. Das hier berĂŒcksichtigte Methodenspektrum und der damit verbundene interdisziplinĂ€re Ansatz fĂŒhren zu einem besseren VerstĂ€ndnis sowie zu einer umfangreichen kulturwissenschaftlichen Analyse der individuellen spĂ€tmittelalterlichen und frĂŒhneuzeitlichen Landschaft. Die dabei verwendete historisch-landschaftsarchĂ€ologische Herangehensweise und Fragestellung ist jedoch auch als methodologischer Vorschlag fĂŒr zukĂŒnftige Untersuchungen anderer historischer Landschaften zu verstehen, um so die wiederholt kritisierte Festlegung verschiedener Teildisziplinen der historischen Forschung auf einzelne Quellengattungen und die daraus resultierende Trennung in Objekt-zentrierte und Text-zentrierte Disziplinen mittels einer weiteren Forcierung interdisziplinĂ€rer ForschungsansĂ€tze zu ĂŒberwinden.The dissertation examines the late medieval and early modern landscape of the Lordship of Scharfeneck. The study area covers an area between the Leitha river and lake Neusiedl in eastern Austria, with Scharfeneck Castle and the Leitha Hills at its centre. The primary sources of the thesis are a high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS), as this data is ideally suited for documenting preserved archaeological surface remains, an early modern inventory of the estate and various historic maps of the area. This interdisciplinary approach combines established methods and sources applied in archaeological prospection and landscape archaeology, with those of historical research. Therefore, connecting and separating elements of historical and archaeological research will be addressed first after which related sub-disciplines are discussed. These form the basis of the study and are essential for obtaining new insights through this interdisciplinary approach, which is subsequently discussed. This is followed by a detailed description of the study area, the sources used, and the methods applied. After a brief historical outline of the Lordship, the core of the thesis then deals with the individual landscape elements of the study area. Each of these elements is examined and individually discussed in relationship to the individual sources. These discussions are accompanied by topic-related introductions to the state of research and the subject matter. The departure point of the study is the centrally located castle itself and this is then extended to other fortifications in the study area. Furthermore, the historically grown borders, the traffic routes and the agricultural use of Scharfeneck are examined. Finally, the synthesis forms an integrated interpretation of the historic landscape of Scharfeneck based on these different landscape elements. It gives the picture of a long diachronic development. The core of the Lordship was probably formed in the High Middle Ages in the course of an internal conflict between the Hungarian Lords of Ödenburg and Wieselburg. Due to the topographical isolation of the area against Hungary and the rest of Ödenburg territory, this conflict was initially decided in favour of Wieselburg. Also the Lords of Scharfeneck and their heirs, who came to the border region, could use this isolation to their advantage by further expanding their independence from the Hungarian crown. The natural resources of the area and a strong strategic position at important trade routes and border crossings helped them. Their centres of power were erected at neuralgic points, but at least in the case of Scharfeneck Castle they also communicated a certain claim to power to their neighbours. The existing agricultural areas were optimally used and divided into large contiguous blocks of acres, meadows and forests according to topographical conditions. Some of the traffic routes crossing the Leitha Hills seem to be older than the villages, that were partly deserted in the late Middle Ages, and they are also respected by the field-systems. A stratigraphic examination of all the path- and field-systems also reflects the late expansion of the Lordship by the northernmost town of Sommerein, which seems to have been accompanied by a concentration of traffic and a relocation of the gallows further north. The spectrum of methods taken into account here and the associated interdisciplinary approach lead to a better understanding and a comprehensive cultural scientific analysis of the individual late medieval and early modern landscape of Scharfeneck. However, the historical-landscape-archaeological approach and questioning used here should also be understood as a methodological proposal for future investigations of other historic landscapes, in order to overcome the often-criticised fixation of different sub-disciplines of historical research on individual source genres and the resulting separation into object-centered and text-centered disciplines by means of a further promotion of interdisciplinary research approaches

    Integrating Geophysical and Photographic Data to Visualize the Quarried Structures of the Roman Town of Bassianae

    No full text
    Large parts of the urban layout of the abandoned Roman town of Bassianae (in present-day Serbia) are still discernible on the surface today due to the deliberate and targeted quarrying of the Roman foundations. In 2014, all of the town’s intramural (and some extramural) areas were surveyed using aerial photography, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetometry to analyze the site’s topography and to map remaining buried structures. The surveys showed a strong agreement between the digital surface model derived from the aerial photographs and the geophysical prospection data. However, many structures could only be detected by one method, underlining the benefits of a complementary archaeological prospection approach using multiple methods. This article presents the results of the extensive surveys and their comprehensive integrative interpretation, discussing Bassianae’s ground plan and urban infrastructure. Starting with an overview of this Roman town’s research history, we present the details of the triple prospection approach, followed by the processing, integrative analysis, and interpretation of the acquired data sets. Finally, this newly gained information is contrasted with a plan of Roman Bassianae compiled in 1935

    Towards an Online Database for Archaeological Landscapes. Using the Web Based, Open Source Software OpenAtlas for the Acquisition, Analysis and Dissemination of Archaeological and Historical Data on a Landscape Basis

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    In this paper, we present the web-based, open source software OpenAtlas, which uses the International Council of Museums’ Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC CRM), and its possible future potential for the acquisition, analysis and dissemination of a wide range of archaeological and historical data on a landscape basis. To this end, we will first introduce the ongoing research project The Anthropological and Archaeological Database of Sepultures (THANADOS), built upon OpenAtlas, as well as its data model and interactive web interface/presentation frontend. Subsequently, the article will then discuss the possible extension of this database of early medieval cemeteries with regard to the integration of further archaeological structures (e.g., medieval settlements, fortifications, field systems and traffic routes) and other data, such as historical maps, aerial photographs and airborne laser scanning data. Finally, the paper will conclude with the general added value for future research projects by such a collaborative and web-based approach

    ArchÀologische Untersuchung einer neuzeitlichen Klause am Falkenstein bei Sankt Gilgen, Salzburg. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 100/2016|

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    In a clearing on the Falkenstein, northeast of the Wolfgangsee, there is a chapel built in front of a cave. This monument, together with a nearby well, is connected to the myth of Wolfgang of Regensburg († 994). Because of this association, the site has always drawn people’s interest. Now, through analysis of historical records as well as the use of archaeological methods, it is possible to shed more light on its history. In the Middle Ages, this place was already a highly frequented pilgrim path that led travellers over the Falkenstein to St. Wolfgang. However, in this investigation, the focus lies on a post-medieval hermitage that gave shelter to a series of hermits over the 17th and 18th centuries. Finally, most of the questions concerning the hermitage and its dwellers can be answered with the use of archaeological prospection techniques as well as excavation

    Traces of a Swedish army camp from 1644 revealed at UppÄkra by extensive magnetometer survey

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    In the framework of an archaeological prospection case study conducted at the Swedish Iron Age site of UppÄkra near Lund, a large number of anomalies caused by buried archaeological remains were detected using extensive magnetic surveys. Written sources report that the Swedish army under Field marshal Gustav Horn had established a camp near the village of UppÄkra in autumn 1644, awaiting the approaching Danish army. Magnetic anomalies of two large, square structures, numerous pits and several pit alignments have been interpreted as possible traces of buried remains of this army camp. We present archaeological prospection data from UppÄkra with regard to the events that took place during Horn's war in 1644
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