Las emociones en los procesos pedagógicos y artísticos

Este cuarto volumen de la Colección Emociones e Interdisciplina orienta la mirada hacia dos dimensiones centrales, en las cuales la afectividad se analiza tanto a partir de los procesos pedagógicos, como del arte y del registro de lo estético. Esta mirada se adentra en el estudio del sujeto que siente, piensa y reflexiona y es justo, a partir de este punto, donde es posible acotar, teórica y metodológicamente, las emociones y sus expresiones como objeto de estudio sociológico.ITESO. A.C

Treatment of adult chronic indeterminate Chagas disease with benznidazole and three E1224 dosing regimens: a proof-of-concept, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Chagas disease is a major neglected vector-borne disease. In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of three oral E1224 (a water-soluble ravuconazole prodrug) regimens and benznidazole versus placebo in adult chronic indeterminate Chagas disease. Method: In this proof-of-concept, double-blind, randomised phase 2 clinical trial, we recruited adults (18–50 years) with confirmed diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection from two outpatient units in Bolivia. Patients were randomised with a computer-generated randomisation list, which was stratified by centre and used a block size of ten. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to five oral treatment groups: high-dose E1224 (duration 8 weeks, total dose 4000 mg), low-dose E1224 (8 weeks, 2000 mg), short-dose E1224 (4 weeks + 4 weeks placebo, 2400 mg), benznidazole (60 days, 5 mg/kg per day), or placebo (8 weeks, E1224-matched tablets). Double-blinding was limited to the E1224 and placebo arms, and assessors were masked to all treatment allocations. The primary efficacy endpoint was parasitological response to E1224 at the end of treatment, assessed by PCR. The secondary efficacy endpoints were parasitological response to benznidazole at end of treatment, assessed by PCR; sustainability of parasitological response until 12 months; parasite clearance and changes in parasite load; incidence of conversion to negative response in conventional and non-conventional (antigen trypomastigote chemiluminescent ELISA [AT CL-ELISA]) serological response; changes in levels of biomarkers; and complete response. The primary analysis population consisted of all randomised patients by their assigned treatment arms. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01489228. Findings: Between July 19, 2011, and July 26, 2012, we screened 560 participants with confirmed Chagas disease, of whom 231 were enrolled and assigned to high-dose E1224 (n=45), low-dose E1224 (n=48), short-dose E1224 (n=46), benznidazole (n=45), or placebo (n=47). Parasite clearance was observed with E1224 during the treatment phase, but no sustained response was seen with low-dose and short-dose regimens, whereas 13 patients (29%, 95% CI 16·4–44·3) had sustained response with the high-dose regimen compared with four (9%, 2·4–20·4) in the placebo group (p<0·0001). Benznidazole had a rapid and sustained effect on parasite clearance, with 37 patients (82%, 67·9–92·0) with sustained response at 12-month follow-up. After 1 week of treatment, mean quantitative PCR repeated measurements showed a significant reduction in parasite load in all treatment arms versus placebo. Parasite levels in the low-dose and short-dose E1224 groups gradually returned to placebo levels. Both treatments were well tolerated. Reversible, dose-dependent liver enzyme increases were seen with E1224 and benznidazole. 187 (81%) participants developed treatment-emergent adverse events and six (3%) developed treatment-emergent serious adverse events. Treatment-emergent adverse events were headaches, nausea, pruritus, peripheral neuropathy, and hypersensitivity. Interpretation: E1224 is the first new chemical entity developed for Chagas disease in decades. E1224 displayed a transient, suppressive effect on parasite clearance, whereas benznidazole showed early and sustained efficacy until 12 months of follow-up. Despite PCR limitations, our results support increased diagnosis and access to benznidazole standard regimen, and provide a development roadmap for novel benznidazole regimens in monotherapy and in combinations with E1224. Funding: Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative.Fil: Torrico, Faustino. Universidad Mayor de San Simon Bolivia; Bolivia. Fundación Ceades; BoliviaFil: Gascon, Joaquim. Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Ortiz, Lourdes. Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho de Tarija; BoliviaFil: Alonso Vega, Cristina. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Pinazo, María-Jesús. Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Schijman, Alejandro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Almeida, Igor C. University of Texas at El Paso; Estados UnidosFil: Alves, Fabiana. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Strub-Wourgaft, Nathalie. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Ribeiro, Isabela. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Santina, Glaucia. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Blum, Bethania. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Correia, Erika. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: García Bournissen, Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Vaillant, Michel. Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics; LuxemburgoFil: Ramos Morales, Jimena. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Pinto Rocha, Jimy Jose. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Rojas Delgadillo, Gimena. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Magne Anzoleaga, Helmut Ramon. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Mendoza, Nilce. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Quechover, Roxana Challapa. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Caballero, Maria Yurly Escobar. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Lozano Beltran, Daniel Franz. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Zalabar, Albert Mendoza. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Rojas Panozo, Lizeth. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Palacios Lopez, Alejandro. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Torrico Terceros, Dunia. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Fernandez Galvez, Violeta Alejandra. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Cardozo, Letty. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Cuellar, Gabriela. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Vasco Arenas, Rudy Nelson. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Gonzales, Isabel. Platform for Comprehensive Care of Patients with Chagas Disease; BoliviaFil: Hoyos Delfin, Carlos Florencio. Universidad Juan Misael Saracho; BoliviaFil: Garcia, Lineth. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Parrado, Rudy. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: de la Barra, Anabelle. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Montaño, Nair. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Villarroel, Sandro. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Duffy, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Bisio, Margarita María Catalina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez Gomez, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Duncanson, Fred. Eisai; JapónFil: Everson, Michael. Eisai; JapónFil: Daniels, Antonia. Eisai; JapónFil: Asada, Makoto. Eisai; JapónFil: Cox, Eugene. Quantitative Solutions; Países BajosFil: Wesche, David. Quantitative Solutions; Países BajosFil: Diderichsen, Paul Matthias. Quantitative Solutions; Países BajosFil: Marques, Alexandre F. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Izquierdo, Luis. ISGlobal; EspañaFil: Sender, Silvia Sanz. ISGlobal; EspañaFil: Reverter, Joan Carlos. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; EspañaFil: Morales, Manuel. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; EspañaFil: Jimenez, Wladimiro. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; Españ

Reproducibility of fluorescent expression from engineered biological constructs in E. coli

We present results of the first large-scale interlaboratory study carried out in synthetic biology, as part of the 2014 and 2015 International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competitions. Participants at 88 institutions around the world measured fluorescence from three engineered constitutive constructs in E. coli. Few participants were able to measure absolute fluorescence, so data was analyzed in terms of ratios. Precision was strongly related to fluorescent strength, ranging from 1.54-fold standard deviation for the ratio between strong promoters to 5.75-fold for the ratio between the strongest and weakest promoter, and while host strain did not affect expression ratios, choice of instrument did. This result shows that high quantitative precision and reproducibility of results is possible, while at the same time indicating areas needing improved laboratory practices.Peer reviewe

Constraining the magnitude of the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Event Shape Engineering in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow $v_2$ reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}} =2.76$ TeV. The two-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha - \varphi_\beta) \rangle$, calculated for different combinations of charges $\alpha$ and $\beta$, is almost independent of $v_2$ (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha + \varphi_\beta - 2\Psi_2) \rangle$ scales almost linearly both with the event $v_2$ and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on $v_2$ points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10-50% centrality interval is found to be 26-33% at 95% confidence level

Constraining the magnitude of the chiral magnetic effect with event shape engineering in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow v2 reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. The two-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα−φβ)〉, calculated for different combinations of charges α and β, is almost independent of v2 (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα+φβ−2Ψ2)〉 scales almost linearly both with the event v2 and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on v2 points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10–50% centrality interval is found to be 26–33% at 95% confidence level