Comparison Among Booth’s and Pekmestzi’s Algorithms for the Multiplication of Two Numbers

A comparison between two different methods of multiplication of two 8-bit numbers is presented. This methods are the Booth’s algorithm and the algorithm proposed by Kiamal Z. Pekmestzi [1]. The general objective is to show the benefits and the advantages obtained if it’s used one of this algorithms over the other. This multipliers have low circuit complexity permitting high-speed operations and the interconnections of the cells are regular. This is the reason why the results shown was obtained using VHDL realization on a FPGA XC4010XL by Xilinx.Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de GuanajuatoConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad de GuanajuatoXili

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Fiber optic fabry-perot micro-displacement sensor based on low-cost polymer film

This manuscript experimentally validates a thin-film polymer andmultimode fiber optic interaction-based low-cost optical fiber displacement sensor. The sensing setup is operated by deflecting a commerciallyMylar® polymer film using multimode optical fiber. The sensor exhibits a higher sensitivity of 24nm/μmand resolution of 41.6nm. The sensor’s analyses also demonstrate good polynomial approximation, with a maximal adjusted square of R = 0.9801, and high stability, in which minimal power (0.4dB-Hour) and wavelength (<2nm-Hour) variations are observed. Moreover, thermal experiments prove that the sensor has lower temperature traits (0.05μm/ C), and this parameter can be distinguished considering the wavelength shifting direction. The simplicity of the scheme, as well as the cost of the elements involved, make this technique a reliable alternative to detect microdisplacements

Gas sensor design using a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a pyroelectric detector

A gas sensor design based on cross correlation spectroscopy using a FPI with long cavity length (&gt;500 µm) as a modulator and with a pyroelectric detector is presented. This technique can be suitable to detect molecules with very well defined ro-vibrational lines such as CO, CO2 and CH4. To induce modulation one mirror of the FPI is scan over lambda/2, this will shift the spectral FPI transmission fringe pattern producing the cross correlation principle. In this design the FPI is illuminated with a converging beam and it is placed just in front of the pyroelectric detector, this configuration can be useful if the FPI and the detector are integrated within a MEMS. Furthermore here the FPI scan is driven using a triangular waveform. Therefore in this work we will analyze the effects of illuminate the FPI with a converging beam and their consequences in the overall sensor response. Moreover we will review some possible effects in the sensor response for driving the FPI mirror scan with a triangular waveform. This issue can be very important since it can change the harmonic composition of the modulated signal and consequently the overall sensor response since the pyroelectric detector responsivity is frequency dependant. Finally, simulation results and experimental measurements are provided

Numerical Study of a Reconfigurable Multiband Microwave Photonic Filter Using a Tunable Fabry-Perot Filter

Microwave photonic filters (MPFs) with the capabilities of bandwidth reconfigurability and frequency tunability in the GHz range are of great interest in high-speed communications systems. In this paper, we propose a new reconfigurable multiband microwave photonic filter (MPF) using a tunable Fabry–Perot Filter (FPF). It is demonstrated by numerical simulations that the modification of the intermodal separation (δλ) of a multimode laser diode (MLD) by tunable FPF allows for the reconfigurable multi-passband of the MPF. Our simulation results show that our new filter system is promising to communications systems.</jats:p

Magnetic Field Sensing Based on Bi-Tapered Optical Fibers Using Spectral Phase Analysis

A compact, magnetic field sensor system based on a short, bi-tapered optical fiber (BTOF) span lying on a magnetic tape was designed, fabricated, and characterized. We monitored the transmission spectrum from a broadband light source, which displayed a strong interference signal. After data collection, we applied a phase analysis of the interference optical spectrum. We here report the results on two fabricated, BTOFs with different interference spectrum characteristics; we analyzed the signal based on the interference between a high-order modal component and the core fiber mode. The sensor exhibited a linear response for magnetic field increments, and we achieved a phase sensitivity of around 0.28 rad/mT. The sensing setup presented remote sensing operation and low-cost transducer magnetic material

Highly sensitive fiber ring laser sensor for curvature using a modal interferometer

A curvature sensing Ytterbium-doped fiber ring,using a Thin Core Fiber Modal Interferometer (TCFMI) was experimentally demonstrated in this work. The TCFMI was implemented by fusion splicing a segment of a thin-core fiber, with a small core diameter, between two single-mode fiber sections. The proposed TCFMI functioned as a wavelengthselective filter in the fiber ring laser cavity. It was optimized to achieve a Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) of 35 dB; the laser emission produced a sensor resolution of 0.37 nm. The experimental results also showed a high curvature sensitivity close to −38.26 nm/m−1 from 0 m−1 to 0.399 m−1 curvature range. Here, the laser sensor exhibited a bandwidth of 16 nm in the 1072 nm to 1056 nm wavelength range. The fiber ring laser is a low-cost alternative for curvature sensing application

Analytical Modelling of a Refractive Index Sensor Based on an Intrinsic Micro Fabry-Perot Interferometer

In this work a refractive index sensor based on a combination of the non-dispersive sensing (NDS) and the Tunable Laser Spectroscopy (TLS) principles is presented. Here, in order to have one reference and one measurement channel a single-beam dual-path configuration is used for implementing the NDS principle. These channels are monitored with a couple of identical optical detectors which are correlated to calculate the overall sensor response, called here the depth of modulation. It is shown that this is useful to minimize drifting errors due to source power variations. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of a refractive index sensing setup, based on an intrinsic micro Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) is described. Here, the changes over the FPI pattern as the exit refractive index is varied are analytically modelled by using the characteristic matrix method. Additionally, our simulated results are supported by experimental measurements which are also provided. Finally it is shown that by using this principle a simple refractive index sensor with a resolution in the order of 2.15 × 10−4 RIU can be implemented by using a couple of standard and low cost photodetectors