Educación pública en Lima Metropolitana en tiempos de pandemia 2020-2022: Perspectivas

This article have the purpose of analyze the effects of Covid-19 in the public education in Lima Metropolitan. First, a general overview of the effects of the pandemia in different educational stakeholders and the differents challenges that they have taken up. From 9 interviews made principals, vice-principals, and teachers of the capital of the country, is possible to conclude that the connectivity problems coupled with a lack of adequate equipment for virtual clases, has increased inequality in access to education at all educational levels. Further, we have to highlight the psychological effects of the pandemic, essentially with emotional problems in the persons involved.El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar los efectos del Covid-19 en la educación pública Lima Metropolitana. En primer lugar, se realiza una descripción general de los efectos de la pandemia en los diversos actores educativos y los diversos retos que ellos han asumido. De las 9 entrevistas realizadas a directores, subdirectores, docentes de la ciudad capital del país, se puede concluir que los problemas de conectividad unidos a la falta de equipos adecuados para las clases virtuales ha aumentado la desigualdad en el acceso a la educación en todos los niveles educativos. Además, hay que subrayar los efectos psicológicos de la pandemia, esencialmente con problemas emocionales en los involucrados

Educación pública en Lima Metropolitana en tiempos de pandemia: problemas y desafíos, 2020-2022

La presente investigación busca identificar los problemas y desafíos que la pandemia del Covid-19, ocasionó a los directivos y docentes de Lima Metropolitana entre los años 2020-2022. La investigación es de tipo básica, con un enfoque cualitativo y de diseño fenomenológico. Se ha contado con la participación de 4 directivos, 4 docentes y una especialista usándose las entrevistas, como instrumentos de recolección de información. Este instrumento paso por la revisión de dos expertos que confirmaron su validez. Se ha obtenido como resultados que los principales problemas y desafíos de los directivos y docentes entrevistados han sido la baja conectividad y la poca preparación en el uso de las TIC cuando se dio el cambio de la educación presencial a la educación virtual, adicionalmente, se identificó que el ausentismo de los estudiantes y que muchos de ellos no se conectaran a las clases fueron otros problemas y desafíos que enfrentar. Finalmente, los entrevistados han identificado diversos efectos socioemocionales en ellos y en sus estudiantes por el cambio a la educación virtual. Se identifican logros en el desarrollo de competencias digitales docentes, pero se reconoce que debe haber mayor apoyo para no perder lo aprendido

Una mirada a la investigación científica sobre el Covid-19 y sus efectos en la educación en el Perú

Abstract This article reviews publicated articles about the effects of Covid-19 in the education in Perú. First, we describe the current state of research about the effects of the pandemic in different educational stakeholders contextualize the differents challenges that they have taken up. Front he 11 articles found, it can be concluded that there are several effects in the country: the great challenge of e-learning for all, connectivity problems coupled with a lack of adequate equipment for virtual clases, increasing inequality in access to education at all levels and psychological effects of the pandemic, essentially with emotional problems. Keywords: Education; Covid-19; virtual education; pandemic; lockdown; Information and Comunications Technology; psychological impacts.El presente artículo tiene como propósito una revisión de los artículos publicados sobre los efectos del Covid-19 en la educación en el Perú. En primer lugar, se realiza una descripción general de los efectos de la pandemia en los diversos actores educativos contextualizando los diversos retos que ellos han asumido. Del análisis de 11 artículos encontrados, se puede concluir que hay varios efectos en el país: el gran reto que ha significado la educación virtual para todos, los problemas de conectividad unidos a la falta de equipos adecuados para las clases virtuales, el aumento de la desigualdad en el acceso a la educación en todos los niveles y los efectos psicológicos de la pandemia, esencialmente con problemas emocionales. Palabras Clave: Educación; Covid-19; educación virtual; pandemia; confinamiento; tecnologías de la información y comunicación; impactos psicológico

Estudio de inundabilidad del río moche tramo puente santa rosa con el puente moche

El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en el tramo puente Santa Rosa con el puente Moche, mediante una investigación de tipo descriptiva. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar las zonas inundables, para lo cual realizamos el levantamiento topográfico de la zona de estudio y recopilamos los datos históricos previos de inundaciones de la Ciudad Moche. Del análisis hidrológico se determinó que los caudales se ajustaban a la distribución Log Normal 2 parámetros, Log Normal 3 parámetros, Log Pearson Tipo III, Log Gumbel y Gamma 2 parámetros, obteniéndose diferentes caudales de diseño: 403.81, 629.86 y 979.25 m3/s con sus respectivos periodos de retorno: 25, 50 y 100 años. La metodología utilizada para el pre-procesamiento y post-procesamiento de datos fue generar diferentes simulaciones del comportamiento del flujo del rio Moche, con el objetivo de generar un modelo de predicción aplicable para los diferentes intervalos de tiempo y caudal. Los resultados obtenidos mediante la simulación hidráulica unidimensional a través del software HEC-RAS V.5.0.3, sirvió para identificar los puntos críticos de la zona de estudio. Teniendo como fin determinar el momento de su desborde en épocas de máximas avenidas extraordinarias. Se concluye que, aplicando la descolmatación en las diferentes secciones del tramo de estudio, estás se hacen más estables para los diferentes caudales de diseño y por ende no generan un posible desborde, donde el número de viviendas que se verían afectadas son 250 en total. Se recomienda la delimitación de la faja marginal en el rio Moche para conservar las áreas agrícolas, proteger el cauce y mitigar las pérdidas humanas.This research work was carried out on the Santa Rosa bridge section with the Moche Bridge, through descriptive research. The main objective of this research was to identify flood zones, for which we conducted the survey of the study area and collected previous historical flood data from the city Moche. From the hydrological analysis it was determined that the flow rates were adjusted to the distribution Log Normal 2 parameters, Log Normal 3 parameters, Log Pearson Type III, Log Gumbel and Gamma 2 parameters, obtaining different flow is design: 403.81; 629.86; 979.25 with their respective return periods: 25, 50 and 100 years. The methodology used for pre-processing and post-processing of data was to generate different simulations of the flow behavior of the Moche river, with the aim of generating an applicable prediction model for the different time intervals and Flow. The results obtained by hydraulic simulation a one-dimensional through the HEC-RAS V.5.0.3 software, served to identify the critical points of the study area. Having in order to determine the timing of its overflow in times of extraordinary maximum avenues. It is concluded that, applying the de-filling in the different sections of the study section, you are becoming more stable for the different design flows and therefore do not generate a possible overflow, where the number of homes that would be affected there are 250 in total. The delimitation of the marginal girdle in the river Moche is recommended to conserve agricultural areas, protect the channel and mitigate human losses.Tesi

Influence of operating temperature on the activation efficiency of Li-ion cells with xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 electrodes

In this study, the effect of operating temperature at 55 °C on xLi2MnO3-(1-x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 electrodes during the charge/discharge process at different current densities was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for structural and morphological analysis of the fabricated cathode materials, while charge-discharge curves and differential capacity were used to study the electrochemical behavior. Results confirm the formation of the structures with two phases associated with the components of the layered material. It was found that at 55 °C, a capacity higher than 357 mAh g-1 could be achieved at a voltage of 2.5-4.8 V vs. Li/Li+, which was larger than the capacity achieved at room temperature. At 55 °C, a change in valence could be observed during charging and discharging due to the change in the position of the peaks associated with Mn and Ni, highlighting cathodic material with x = 0.5 as the material that retains the layered structure at this temperature. This work confirms the good performance of electrodes made with this material at elevated temperatures and gives a better understanding of its electrochemical behavior

Electricity generation and wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cells with graphite and aluminum electrodes

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a system that can integrate electricity generation and, at the same time, contribute to decontaminating wastewater, becoming an eco-friendly technology with the environment. In this research, microbial fuel cells with graphite and aluminum electrodes were used at different sizes: 9, 25and 64 cm2, and a wastewater sample obtained from a rural location in Peru was used as substrate. The MFCs parameters of voltage, current and conductivity were monitored for 12 days, for the generation of electricity; and the parameters of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Thermotolerant Coliforms, Turbidity and pH, for wastewater treatment. The MFCs with electrodes of 64 cm2 were the ones that had the highest efficiency in the production of electricity, because they generated higher voltage, current and conductivity throughout the days evaluated, with peaks of 0.22 V, 0.08 mA and 1.05 mS/cm, respectively. Likewise, a reduction in the content of COD, Thermotolerant Coliforms and Turbidity of the substrate used (70, 73 and 36%) was achieved, while the pH remained slightly stable, with values from 7.39 to 6.49 during the days evaluated. The MFCs are a promising approach to a sustainable future in which energy can be generated from the use of household wastewater, while simultaneously treating these effluent

Microbial biosensors for wastewater monitoring: mini-review

Research on the use of microbial biosensors for monitoring wastewater contaminants is a topic that covers few publications compared to their applicability in other fields, such as biomedical research. For this reason, a systematic analysis of the topic was carried out, for which research-type articles were reviewed during the period 2012 to September 2022. For this, different search platforms were used, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and Scopus, and through the use of search equations a relevant bibliography was located. After that, the research articles were selected based on exclusion criteria. As a result, it was found that, of the 126 articles, only 16 articles were strictly related to the topic, since there was a duplication of articles among the different databases. It was possible to demonstrate the usefulness of microorganisms as components of biosensors to monitor BOD, heavy metals, and inorganic contaminants in wastewater that also had a high sensitivity. Additionally, recombinant DNA techniques were shown to improve the performance of this type of biosensor and can finally be coupled to other emerging technologies, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In conclusion, it was established that microbial biosensors have high acceptability and monitoring characteristics that make them a useful tool to detect low concentrations of pollutants in wastewater that can also provide results in real-time, thus generating forms of ecological safety and social responsibility in companies where wastewater is generated.Campus Trujill

Use of pineapple waste as fuel in microbial fuel cell for the generation of bioelectricity

The excessive use of fossil sources for the generation of electrical energy and the increase in different organic wastes have caused great damage to the environment; these problems have promoted new ways of generating electricity in an eco-friendly manner using organic waste. In this sense, this research uses single-chamber microbial fuel cells with zinc and copper as electrodes and pineapple waste as fuel (substrate). Current and voltage peaks of 4.95667 ± 0.54775 mA and 0.99 ± 0.03 V were generated on days 16 and 20, respectively, with the substrate operating at an acid pH of 5.21 ± 0.18 and an electrical conductivity of 145.16 ± 9.86 mS/cm at two degrees Brix. Thus, it was also found that the internal resistance of the cells was 865.845 ± 4.726 Ω, and a maximum power density of 513.99 ± 6.54 mW/m2 was generated at a current density of 6.123 A/m2 , and the final FTIR spectrum showed a clear decrease in the initial transmittance peaks. Finally, from the biofilm formed on the anodic electrode, it was possible to molecularly identify the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus with 99.82% accuracy. In this way, this research provides a method that companies exporting and importing this fruit may use to generate electrical energy from its waste.Campus Trujill

Evaluation of Noise in the COMPHILL Wholesale Fishing Market of the Province of Trujillo - 2022

La contaminación acústica representa un importante problema para el mundo moderno, donde la exposición al ruido está afectando considerablemente la salud de los habitantes (enfermedades cardiovasculares y trastornos del sueño). Motivo por cual se evaluó el ruido en los exteriores del mercado mayorista pesquero COMPHILL por 10 días de 2 am a 12 pm en 4 puntos, los cuales se seleccionaron con una encuesta aplicada a los pobladores aledaños al mercado. Los resultados obtenidos de los niveles de ruido en el día de menor incidencia fueron de 56.1 dB (2 am), 55.8 dB (3 am), 56.3 dB (4 am), 56.5 dB (5 am), 66.4 dB (6 am), 69.1 dB (7 am), 68.5 dB (8 am), 67.9 dB (9 am), 63.1 dB (10 am), 66.3 dB (11 am) y 60.2 dB (12 pm), y en el de mayor incidencia: 55.9 dB (2 am), 56.1 dB (3 am), 56.1 dB (4 am), 59.3 dB (5 am), 68.2 dB (6 am), 70.4 dB (7 am), 69.7 dB (8 am), 71.1 dB (9 am), 74.5 dB (10 am), 76.5 dB (11 am) y 62.5 dB (12 pm); los cuales no sobrepasaron el ECA de ruido, que es de 80 dB en horario diurno y 70 dB en nocturno para zona industrial. Además, se identificó la presencia de fuentes fijas como el comercio ambulatorio, bares y rompiente del mar y fuentes móviles como mototaxis, motocargas, autos, furgonetas y camiones. De manera que, los niveles de ruido emitidos por el mercado mayorista pesquero COMPHILL no genera contaminación sonora, así mismo la investigación demuestra que la manera más efectiva de mitigar el ruido en los mercados es con el uso de barreras acústicas

Arsenic Biosorption by the Macroalgae Chondracanthus chamissoi and Cladophora sp.

The biosorption of arsenic (As) with macroalgae has aroused much interest as a clean and low-cost technology. To evaluate arsenic biosorption by Chondracanthus chamissoi and Cladophora sp., approximately 5 kg of algae was collected from Huanchaco’s beach and Sausacocha lake (Huamachuco), La Libertad. As biosorption was carried out in four column systems, with 2 g of algae pellets each, circulating As solutions of 0.25 and 1.25 ppm, respectively, at 300 mL/min cm2. As concentration was determined at 3 and 6 h of treatment by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test with 95% confidence. At 6 h, Chondracanthus chamissoi presented an As biosorption of 95.76% in a 0.25 ppm mg/L solution and 85.33% in a 1.25 mg/L solution. Cladophora sp., at 6 h, presented an As biosorption of 95.76% in a 0.25 mg/L solution and 42.03% in a 1.25 mg/L solution. It was concluded that Chondracanthus chamissoi achieves higher percentages of biosorption than Cladophora sp. in solutions of 1.25 mg/L As (p 0.05)