Derecho a la intimidad en las primeras treinta y seis horas de privación de libertad

Tesis de maestríaSe estudia el derecho a la intimidad en las primeras treinta y seis horas de privación de la libertad indagando si es formal o material a partir de la constitución la ley y doctrina nacional e internacional.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. DERECHOS Y GARANTIAS EN FERRAJOLI 2. DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES DE LAS PERSONAS PRIVADAS DE LA LIBERTAD 3. PRINCIPIOS PARA ESTABLECER LOS DERECHOS Y GARANTIAS A LA INTIMIDAD DENTRO DE LAS PORIMERAS TREINTA Y SEIS HORAS DE PRIVACION DE LIBERTAD 4.- CONCLUSIONES 5. BIBLIOGRAFÍAMaestríaMagíster en Derechos Humano

Modelo de decisión para el diseño conceptual de un sistema de suministro sostenible de energía para la Sede Leticia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia

ilustraciones, gráficas, tablasThe decentralized model of energy generation has emerged as a solution to provide electricity to isolated areas, ensuring energy security and increasing coverage. This model frequently leads to a dependency on a unique energy source; thus, it is necessary to change the paradigm of energy generation by adding other more sustainable sources. Unfortunately, there is not a well-defined route to establish which energy sources should be linked and in what way, making this restructuring a very complex problem involving a decision-making process. Generally, decisions are made only considering the economic or technical dimensions, ignoring the other dimensions such as environmental, social, and political, which could provide a more contextualized perspective. The aim of this study is to develop and test a methodology to find an optimal arrangement of energy sources in a decentralized electricity production model considering all sustainability dimensions. A methodology as the proposed in this work can support the stakeholders during the planning stages of energy supply systems. The methodology was applied to a specific case in Colombia, the campus Amazonia of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, located in Leticia, a municipality where on-site generators are employed due to the difficulty of access. As a result, the proposed methodology generated nine different scenarios of energy arrangements according to an evaluation of energy sources using a sustainability approach that considered context aspects along with a carefully selected set of indicators and stakeholders' preferences.El modelo descentralizado de generación de energía surgió como una solución para el suministro de energía en áreas aisladas, asegurando la seguridad energética e incrementando la cobertura. No obstante, este modelo frecuentemente conlleva a una dependencia a una única fuente de energía, por lo que es necesario cambiar el paradigma de la generación de energía añadiendo otras fuentes más sostenibles. Desafortunadamente, no existe una ruta definida para establecer cuales fuentes de energía deben ser agregadas y de qué manera, convirtiendo esta reestructuración en un problema muy complejo que involucra la toma de decisiones. Generalmente, estas decisiones se toman considerando aspectos económicos o técnicos, dejando de lado otras dimensiones como la ambiental, social y política, que podrían proporcionar una perspectiva más contextualizada. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar y probar una metodología que permita encontrar un arreglo óptimo de fuentes de energía en un modelo de producción de electricidad descentralizado teniendo en cuenta todas las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad. La metodología propuesta en este trabajo puede ayudar a los principales involucrados durante las fases de planeación de sistemas de suministro de energía. Esta metodología fue aplicada a un caso específico en Colombia, la sede Amazonas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ubicada en Leticia, un municipio donde generadores in situ son empleados debido al difícil acceso. Como resultado, la metodología propuesta generó nueve escenarios diferentes de arreglos energéticos de acuerdo a una evaluación de fuentes de energía en un enfoque de sostenibilidad considerando aspectos de contexto junto a una selección cuidadosa de indicadores y las preferencias de las partes interesadas. (Texto tomado de la fuente).Incluye anexosMaestríaBiorefinerías y biorefinació

Spatial distribution of HD-EMG improves identification of task and force in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury

Background: Recent studies show that spatial distribution of High Density surface EMG maps (HD-EMG) improves the identification of tasks and their corresponding contraction levels. However, in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI), some nerves that control muscles are damaged, leaving some muscle parts without an innervation. Therefore, HD-EMG maps in patients with iSCI are affected by the injury and they can be different for every patient. The objective of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of intensity in HD-EMG recordings to distinguish co-activation patterns for different tasks and effort levels in patients with iSCI. These patterns are evaluated to be used for extraction of motion intention.; Method: HD-EMG was recorded in patients during four isometric tasks of the forearm at three different effort levels. A linear discriminant classifier based on intensity and spatial features of HD-EMG maps of five upper-limb muscles was used to identify the attempted tasks. Task and force identification were evaluated for each patient individually, and the reliability of the identification was tested with respect to muscle fatigue and time interval between training and identification. Results: Three feature sets were analyzed in the identification: 1) intensity of the HD-EMG map, 2) intensity and center of gravity of HD-EMG maps and 3) intensity of a single differential EMG channel (gold standard).; Results show that the combination of intensity and spatial features in classification identifies tasks and effort levels properly (Acc = 98.8 %; S = 92.5 %; P = 93.2 %; SP = 99.4 %) and outperforms significantly the other two feature sets (p < 0.05).; Conclusion: In spite of the limited motor functionality, a specific co-activation pattern for each patient exists for both intensity, and spatial distribution of myoelectric activity. The spatial distribution is less sensitive than intensity to myoelectric changes that occur due to fatigue, and other time-dependent influences.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Prediction of isometric motor tasks and effort levels based on high-density EMG in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury

Objective. The development of modern assistive and rehabilitation devices requires reliable and easy-to-use methods to extract neural information for control of devices. Group-specific pattern recognition identifiers are influenced by inter-subject variability. Based on high-density EMG (HD-EMG) maps, our research group has already shown that inter-subject muscle activation patterns exist in a population of healthy subjects. The aim of this paper is to analyze muscle activation patterns associated with four tasks (flexion/extension of the elbow, and supination/pronation of the forearm) at three different effort levels in a group of patients with incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (iSCI). Approach. Muscle activation patterns were evaluated by the automatic identification of these four isometric tasks along with the identification of levels of voluntary contractions. Two types of classifiers were considered in the identification: linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine. Main results. Results show that performance of classification increases when combining features extracted from intensity and spatial information of HD-EMG maps (accuracy = 97.5%). Moreover, when compared to a population with injuries at different levels, a lower variability between activation maps was obtained within a group of patients with similar injury suggesting stronger task-specific and effort-level-specific co-activation patterns, which enable better prediction results. Significance. Despite the challenge of identifying both the four tasks and the three effort levels in patients with iSCI, promising results were obtained which support the use of HD-EMG features for providing useful information regarding motion and force intentionPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Happiness and Human Relations: The Role of Materialistic Values. An ABM Illustration

This paper argues that a person’s happiness must be understood as a phenomenon that emerges not only from her individual condition but also from her place in society. Understanding that a person is socially immersed implies giving a greater role to social interactions and social structure. The paper presents a simple model to take into consideration the role of human relations. An agent-based model (ABM) is used to illustrate the implementation of the model in understanding people’s happiness

On the Influence of Shade in Improving Thermal Comfort in Courtyards

This study analyzes the thermal performance of courtyards in traditional buildings in the city center of Córdoba (South of Spain), one of them displaying a shading component, to determine the influence of this precise element. The courtyards have been monitored simultaneously during a summer period when temperatures during the day reached over 45 °C. The obtained data was contrasted, and we confirmed that the shading element provided an improvement of the thermal performance of the courtyard which doubled the thermal leap between outdoor and inside the courtyard temperatures when the shading element was installed, in comparison to the courtyard without shade. Therefore, the tempering effect of courtyards can be significantly improved by means of using these simple elements

Aplicación del método Cybersin con lógica difusa en un sistema de control de gestión

El modelo propuesto plantea un sistema de control para los ejecutivos de ventasde las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP). Con ayuda del método Cybersin se calcularon los indicadores: desempeño, logro y latencia que, a su vez, componen las variables, ventas y acompañamiento. Variables valiosas en el funcionamiento de este tipo de organizaciones y usadas en la medición del desempeño de los ejecutivos de ventas. Se construyó un sistema de inferencia difusa con el apoyo delsoftware MATLAB, para simular la productividad de los ejecutivos; este consideralas posibles combinaciones de las variables de entrada y compara el resultado conlas metas establecidas por la organización

Inflación e incertidumbre inflacionaria: la postura del Banco de México, 1969-2017

Este artículo examina la relación entre inflación e incertidumbre inflacionaria para la economía de México durante el periodo que comprende enero de 1969 a febrero de 2017, utilizando modelos SARMA-GARCH y sus extensiones GJR-GARCH-M y E-GARCH-M. Entre los hallazgos es posible evidenciar un efecto causal negativo de la incertidumbre inflacionaria sobre la inflación (cumplimiento de la hipótesis de Holland), lo cual indica que el Banco de México exhibe un comportamiento estabilizador ante la inflación. También se corrobora el cumplimiento de la hipótesis de Friedman-Ball, que establece que altos niveles de inflación incrementan la incertidumbre inflacionaria.This research paper examines the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty for the Mexican economy during the period from January 1969 to February 2017. Using SARMA-GARCH models and their extensions (GJR-GARCH-M and E-GARCH-M), the study evidenced a negative causal effect of financial uncertainty on inflation (compliance with Holland’s hypothesis), which indicates that the Bank of Mexico exhibits a stabilizing behavior in relation to inflation. It also confirms the fulfillment of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis, which states that high levels of inflation increase inflation uncertaint