Life history under laboratory conditions of the caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the South of the Iberian Peninsula: Caprella equilibra and Caprella dilatata (Caprellidae) and Phtisica marina (Phtisicidae)

Tres de las especies de caprélidos más abundantes del sur de la Península Ibérica, dos de la familia Caprellidae (Caprella equilibra y Caprella dilatata) y una de la familia Phtisicidae (Phtisica marina) fueron cultivadas durante todo su ciclo de vida bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio (20ºC, 12h luz: 12h oscuridad, salinidad 35 psu) con el fin de conocer con mayor profundidad características individuales de su ciclo biológico. Las tres especies mostraron características similares a pesar de pertenecer a dos familias diferentes. La amplitud del ciclo biológico desde la emergencia de los juveniles hasta su muerte fue de 18 a 92 días, siendo C. dilatata la especie más longeva. El periodo generacional estuvo comprendido entre 29 y 34 días, alcanzándose la madurez sexual en 20-34 días y presentando un tiempo de incubación rápido de 3 a 6 días. Los procesos de muda fueron continuos a lo largo de todo el ciclo de vida (entre 3 y 12), siendo P. marina la que realizó un menor número. Las hembras realizaron un156 E. BAEZA-ROJANO & J. M. GUERRA-GARCÍA mayor número de mudas, mientras que los machos mudaron menos y fueron prolongando sus periodos intermuda con la longevidad. En ambas especies el crecimiento de los machos fue superior al de las hembras, alcanzando mayor longitud corporal (3,0-10,4 mm frente a 3,0-7,5 mm) y mayor número de artejos flagelares en las antenas 1 en sus estadios finales. Las curvas de crecimiento fueron lineales para los machos, mientras que las hembras estabilizaron su crecimiento con curvas logarítmicas. La fecundidad de las hembras estuvo directamente relacionada con su longitud corporal, emergiendo mayor número de juveniles de las hembras de mayor tamaño. El mayor número de eventos reproductivos por hembra fue de 4 con un máximo de 46 a 56 crías totales. El comportamiento precopulatorio fue muy claro en P. marina, sujetando el macho a la hembra por medio de sus pereiópodos 3-5 y no se observó un cuidado parental marcado en ninguna de las tres especies. El conocimiento de los parámetros biológicos de estas especies es fundamental para comprender como fluctúan sus poblaciones en condiciones naturales, y conocer los procesos que a nivel individual ocurren en la población. Así mismo, este estudio refleja que las tres especies consideradas son fácilmente cultivables bajo condiciones de laboratorio permitiendo su uso para pruebas ecotoxicológicas o como posible fuente de alimento para animales de pequeño tamaño en centros de acuicultura. ABSTRACT Three of the most abundant species from the south of the Iberian Peninsula, Caprella equilibra and Caprella dilatata from the family Caprellidae and Phtisica marina from the family Phtisicidae, were reared successfully throughout their life cycle under controlled laboratory conditions (20ºC, 12 h light: 12 h dark, salinity 35 psu) in order to improve the knowledge of individual biological characteristics. These three species belonging to two different families showed similar biological characteristics. The caprellid life span from emergence of juveniles to death was 18-92 days, being C. dilatata the most long-lived. The generation period was between 29 and 34 days, reaching sexual maturity in 20- 34 days and having a fast incubation time from 3 to 6 days. Molting processes were continuous along the entire life cycle, with a number of 3 to 12 molts. P. marina had the lowest number. The molting rate was found to be higher in females than males, and in males, the intermolt period gradually increased with the longevity. Males had a higher size increment per molting than females reaching longer body lengths (3.0-10.4 mm versus 3.0-7.5 mm) and a superior flagellar articles number in antenna 1 at the end of their instars. Growth rate curves were linear for males and logarithmic in females. Fecundity was related directly to the body length in females, emerging more juveniles from larger females. Maximum reproductive events per female were 4 with a maximum of 46-56 offspring. P. marina showed a clear precopulatory mate guarding behavior, where males carry females through their pereiopods 3-5. No maternal care was observed in any species. The knowledge of the life cycle of the species is essential for the understanding of the natural fluctuations of these organisms in their natural habitats. Furthermore, this study shows that these species considered are easily cultivated under laboratory conditions allowing its use for ecotoxicological tests or as a possible source of food for small animals in aquaculture centers

Propuestas de normas para la creación de una figura de inspección para la aplicación de medidas de igualdad en una empresa

La Ley Orgánica 3 /2007 para la igualdad efectiva entre hombres y mujeres, hace referencia a una Ley formalmente real, pero inexistente en la práctica. A través de esta iniciativa se propone la creación de una Ley Ordenadora de la Inspección de Igualdad en las empresas creando para ello la figura de un inspector de igualdad, como un servicio público destinado a garantizar el cumplimiento de la igualdad en el ámbito laboral. A esta novedosa figura le corresponderá ejercer la vigilancia del cumplimiento de las normas en materia de igualdad y exigir las responsabilidades pertinentes, así como el asesoramiento y, en su caso, arbitraje, mediación y conciliación en dichas materias, que ha de efectuar de conformidad con los principios del Estado social y democrático de Derecho que consagra la Constitución Española. El único fin perseguido a través de esta propuesta es alcanzar el verdadero objeto de la mencionada Ley, esto es, hacer efectivo el derecho de igualdad de trato y de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres

Bi-objective optimization of a multihead weighing process

[EN] A multihead weighing process is a packaging technology that can be of strategic importance to a company, as it can be a key to competitive advantage in the modern food industry. The improvement in the process quality and sensory quality of food packaged in a multihead weighing process investigated in this paper is relevant to industrial engineering. A bi-objective ad hoc algorithm based on explicit enumeration for the packaging processes in multihead weighers with an unequal supply of the product to the weighing hoppers is developed. The algorithm uses an a priori strategy to generate Pareto-optimal solutions and select a subset of hoppers from the set of available ones in each packing operation. The relative importance of both aforementioned objectives is dynamically managed and adjusted. The numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and find the optimum operational conditions for the process.García-Díaz, JC.; Pulido-Rojano, A.; Giner-Bosch, V. (2017). Bi-objective optimization of a multihead weighing process. European J of Industrial Engineering. 11(3):403-423. doi:10.1504/EJIE.2017.084882S40342311

Bicriteria food packaging process optimization in double-layered upright and diagonal multihead weighers

[EN] Double-layered multihead weighing machines contain twice the number of hoppers as present in a simple machine with the same number of heads, which enables additional objective optimization possibilities considering the increased number of combinations among hoppers. This research study deals with bicriteria optimization for double-layered upright and diagonal machines using brute force as the optimization criteria. One of the optimization objectives is related to the target weight; the target weight must be at least and as close as possible to the weight to pack. Furthermore, this study also aims to minimize the time for which a certain portion of a product remains in the hopper while waiting to be selected for package formation. This time is known as priority and is measured based on the number of iterations or the number of packages produced by the machine while the hopper waits to be discharged. For these purposes, Different strategies were tested for both machines, which simultaneously optimize the target weight and the priority of the hoppers, showing the reduction of the extraction of the process in addition to reducing the costs of excess product and its reprocessing.We express our gratitude for the support from Universidad Simon Bolivar, Colombia, and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Garcia-Jimenez, R.; García-Díaz, JC.; Pulido-Rojano, AD. (2023). Bicriteria food packaging process optimization in double-layered upright and diagonal multihead weighers. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 428:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2023.11516811042

Packaging Process Optimization in MultiheadWeighers with Double-Layered Upright and Diagonal Systems

[EN] In multihead weighers, packaging processes seek to find the best combination of passage hoppers whose product content provides a total package weight as close as possible to its (nominal) label weight. The weighing hoppers arranged in these machines dispense the product quantity that each package contains through computer algorithms designed and executed for this purpose. For its part, in the packaging process for double-layered multihead weighers, all hoppers are arranged in two levels. The first layer comprises a group of weighing hoppers, and the second comprises a set of booster hoppers placed uprightly or diagonally to each weighing hopper based on design of the machine. In both processes, the initial machine configuration is the same; however, the hopper selection algorithm works differently. This paper proposes a new packaging process optimization algorithm for double-layer upright and diagonal machines, wherein the hopper subset combined has previously been defined, and the packaging weight is expressed as actual values. As part of its validation, product filling strategies were implemented for weighing hoppers to assess the algorithm in different scenarios. Results from the process performance metrics prove that the new algorithm improves processes by reducing variability. In addition, results reveal that some machine configurations were also able to improve their operation.We express our gratitude for the support from Universidad Simon Bolivar, and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Garcia-Jimenez, R.; García-Díaz, JC.; Pulido-Rojano, ADJ. (2021). Packaging Process Optimization in MultiheadWeighers with Double-Layered Upright and Diagonal Systems. Mathematics. 9(9):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9091039S1209

Complejidades de la representación en enseñanza y aprendizaje del álgebra

Efectuar una representación mental sobre conceptos e ideas algebraicas para posteriormente transferirlos a estudiantes que se inician en el aprendizaje del álgebra parece ser parte de un proceso cognitivo complejo por el que los docentes deben pasar para construir conocimiento y comunicar saber. Los resultados en el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes que tal proceso genera, frecuentemente por debajo de lo esperado, hacen suponer dificultades en algunos aspectos cognitivos del pensamiento algebraico involucrados en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, por lo que consideramos pertinente el desarrollo de un estudio guiado por dos objetivos: 1)Estudiar la modificabilidad estructural cognitiva de los alumnos que se inician en el estudio del álgebra, a partir de las distintas representaciones que utiliza el profesor al explicar temas algebraicos. Y 2) Analizar cómo se expresa el profesor al explicar ideas y conceptos de álgebra, particularmente las representaciones verbales y escritas que utiliza en el salón de clase. La experiencia de aprendizaje mediada (EAM), elemento focal en la Teoría de la Modificabiliad Estructural Cognitiva, será el recurso para estudiar la representación, objeto de estudio en este anteproyecto

Monitoring and control of the multihead weighing process through a modified control chart

Modified control charts are used to monitor and control manufacturing processes which are considered to be six-sigma processes. The use of these charts is based on the idea that the cost of identifying and correcting special causes is much higher than the cost of off-target products. Therefore, the process mean is essentially acceptable as long as it is anywhere within the specification limits. These concepts are applied to the packaging process in multihead weighers. The weight of the packed product, seen as the quality characteristic to be monitored, must be as close to a specified target weight as possible and comply with applicable regulations. The packaging process was previously optimized and improved using a packaging strategy, which was evaluated through a proposed packing algorithm. In this way, a set of numerical experiments were conducted to examine the solutions generated, which were subsequently monitored.Los gráficos de control modificados se utilizan para el seguimiento y control de procesos de fabricación que son considerados como procesos seis-sigma. El uso de estos gráficos se basa en la idea de que el costo de identificar y corregir causas especiales de variación es mucho más alto que el costo de productos alejados de su valor nominal. Por lo tanto, la media del proceso es esencialmente aceptable siempre que esté dentro de los límites de especificación. Estos conceptos han sido aplicados al proceso de envasado en pesadoras multicabezal. El peso del producto envasado, visto como la característica de calidad a ser monitoreada, debe ser lo más cercano posible a un peso objetivo y cumplir con la normativa. El proceso ha sido previamente optimizado y mejorado mediante una estrategia de envasado, la cual es evaluada a través de un algoritmo de envasado. De esta manera, un conjunto de experimentos numéricos fueron realizados para examinar las soluciones generadas, las cuales son posteriormente monitoreadas

Estructura y organización del departamento de comunicación en el sector agroalimentario. Estudio de casos de empresas de Málaga.

El objeto de este trabajo es analizar las nuevas funciones que, cada vez más, asumen los departamentos de comunicación de las empresas, así como las necesidades formativas de los nuevos perfiles profesionales que desarrollan su labor en el sector e identificar aquellos servicios que las empresas suelen delegar en consultoras externas, con el reto de crear un catálogo de estas. Este trabajo se plantea dos objetivo fundamentales: identificar las demandas y las tendencias en comunicación en las empresas del sector agroalimentarias, así como la integración de las nuevas herramientas que facilitan esta labor y definir el perfil del experto de comunicación, así como su evolución en los últimos años con una visión de futuro y, por tanto, sus necesidades en formación. El trabajo se apoya en las técnicas metodológicas de la encuesta -a los directores de comunicación de diferentes empresas del sector agroalimentario en Málaga y un panel de expertos profesionales que trabajan en este ámbito. De acuerdo con Carrillo, (2016), el nuevo DIRCOM debe ser el de un profesional dedicado a la integración de las políticas de comunicación e información con el resto de la empresa, y destaca como la gestión de la comunicación es hoy más que nunca una función estratégica, en la que cada vez se asumen nuevas tareas como la gestión de la reputación online, sin olvidar cuestiones como la relevancia de los perfiles de periodista-documentalista o content curator o la transparencia, cada vez más apreciados en las nuevas áreas de la comunicación en las empresas y en las organizaciones, y el sector agroalimentario no puede quedarse atrás, como reconocen las personas entrevistadasUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Parameterization, Analysis, and Risk Management in a Comprehensive Management System with Emphasis on Energy and Performance (ISO 50001: 2018)

[EN] The future of business development relies on the effective management of risks, opportunities, and energy and water resources. Here, we evaluate the application of best practices to identify, analyze, address, monitor, and control risks and opportunities (R/O) according to ISO 31000 and 50000. Furthermore, we shed light on tools, templates, ISO guides, and international documents that contribute to classifying, identifying, formulating control, and managing R/O parameterization in a comprehensive management system model, namely CMS QHSE3+, which consists of quality (Q), health and safety (HS), environmental management (E), energy efficiency (E2), and other risk components (+) that include comprehensive biosecurity and biosafety. By focusing on the deployment of R/O-based thinking (ROBT) at strategic and operational levels, we show vulnerability reduction in CMS QHSE3+ by managing energy, efficiency, and sustainability.We express our gratitude for the support from Cajacopi Atlantico, QUARA Technology, ASTEQ Technology, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and to all the personnel and companies who offered us their contributions and their valuable points of view.Poveda-Orjuela, PP.; García-Díaz, JC.; Pulido-Rojano, A.; Cañón-Zabala, G. (2020). Parameterization, Analysis, and Risk Management in a Comprehensive Management System with Emphasis on Energy and Performance (ISO 50001: 2018). Energies. 13(21):1-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215579S1441321SDBS Business Demography Indicatorshttps://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=70734The World Economy on a Tightrope. 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