Linear Precoders for Non-Regenerative Asymmetric Two-way Relaying in Cellular Systems

Two-way relaying (TWR) reduces the spectral-efficiency loss caused in conventional half-duplex relaying. TWR is possible when two nodes exchange data simultaneously through a relay. In cellular systems, data exchange between base station (BS) and users is usually not simultaneous e.g., a user (TUE) has uplink data to transmit during multiple access (MAC) phase, but does not have downlink data to receive during broadcast (BC) phase. This non-simultaneous data exchange will reduce TWR to spectrally-inefficient conventional half-duplex relaying. With infrastructure relays, where multiple users communicate through a relay, a new transmission protocol is proposed to recover the spectral loss. The BC phase following the MAC phase of TUE is now used by the relay to transmit downlink data to another user (RUE). RUE will not be able to cancel the back-propagating interference. A structured precoder is designed at the multi-antenna relay to cancel this interference. With multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nodes, the proposed precoder also triangulates the compound MAC and BC phase MIMO channels. The channel triangulation reduces the weighted sum-rate optimization to power allocation problem, which is then cast as a geometric program. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol over conventional solutions.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF KRIMIGHNA DRUGS MENTIONED IN THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA

Ayurveda is the science of life having wide description of Krimighna dravya in its literature. Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India published by the Ministry of AYUSH is a monograph of single drugs; which is very popular for all stack holder of Ayush system of medicines. This article details the review of single drugs mentioned in API part I (Vol I to VI) and their screening for Krimighna (antimicrobial) properties. Present article also aims for validating classical fact with published scientific research work. Authors searched 54 drugs out of 519 single drugs described in the API & it was found most of Ayurvedic Krimighnadravya were recognized for having antimicrobial property which was established through various Preclinical & clinical work carried out by the scientific community. Authors collected data with references to validate API drugs having antimicrobial property. All screened content can be taken for various high-tech research work by various students in MD, PhD or in the various other project of CSIR, DST, EMR project of CCRAS for further development of new drugs and conversion of available drugs to latest dosage form

A REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC PROSPECTIVE AND CURATIVE HERBS FOR TYPE II DIABETES

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which is affecting million people all over the world. Maharishi Charak described Prameharoga (20 types) ; and its one type is “Madhumeha ” having almost identical clinical feature of diabetes type II. Author taken detail review of available data for more than 2000 herbs and has collected various references/research work done by various scientist for pharmacological screening of anti-diabetic herbs through latest available In-vivo studies. And concluded 53 herbs have significant anti diabetic activity in different pharmacological in vivo model. Further for validation of modern research outcome authors had done extensive survey of most applicable herbal text book of Auyrveda“ Bhavprakash Nighantu” and Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India part I volume I to VIII that has widely used by various stake holders of Ayurvedic industry, academia and students. Authors sorted about 25 Ayurvedic single drugs from reference mentioned above for their “Pramehaghna activity”. There is ample scope to trace out other single and compound drugs for cure of diabetes mellitus type II. Author’s also mentioned here some selected famous Ayurvedic compound and single drug that has been successfully used by Ayurvedic physicians in last 5 decades. Research community need to explore possibility to invent new drugs for management DM Type II like currently AYUSH 82(Developed by CCRAS & it has marketed in various trade name like right sugar, Diavit 82, DB6, IME 9) and BGR 34 (Developed by CSIR/NBRI) proven as very effective drug in the treatment of DM type II; hence research community of AYUSH system of medicines may explore the new era for NPD (new drug Development)

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ADULTERATION OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN ASU DRUG MANUFACTURING

Ayurveda is a system of Indian traditional form of alternative medicine. In 20th and 21th century due to side effects of synthetic drugs, there is an increasing interesting ASU medicine. At present the adulteration of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in ASU herbal industry and it has caused a major problem in the research on commercial natural products. The deforestation and extinction of many species and incorrect identification of many plants has resulted in adulteration and substitution of raw drugs. The future development of analysis of herbs is largely depended upon reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of Ayurvedic drugs. In India normally the contamination/adulteration in food/crude drugs is done either for financial gain or due to carelessness and lack in proper hygienic condition of processing, storing, transportation and marketing. Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of traditional and modern medicine. Adulteration is considered as an intentional addition of foreign substances to increase the weight of the product or to decrease its cost. It may be due to- Confusion in vernacular names, Lack of knowledge about authentic plants, Non availability, Similarity in morphology, activity, aroma, Careless collection and other unknown reasons. This article throws a light on adulteration, types, common market adulterants in ASU medicines and prescribed Prevention methods

Assessment of selenium levels and risk factors for stroke and other cardiovascular disease: a cross sectional study in a seleniferous area of Punjab, India

Background and aims: Rural areas of Punjab in India have been found to have soil rich in selenium (Se); about 2160 hectare area is seleniferous and is populated by about 10,000 inhabitants. Selenium concentrations in these villages were reported to be as high as 65 times over non-seleniferous areas. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate selenium levels in blood, hair and nails in a group of subjects living in this area, and to evaluate the correlation between selenium exposure levels and a relevant cardiovascular risk factor and blood pressure. Methods: In a random sample of rural residents in three districts of a seleniferous area of Punjab, we determined selenium concentration in hair, nail clippings and serum samples. Analyses were carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India. Data analysis was performed using the STATA 15.0 software (STATA Corp. TX). Results: A total of 680 human subjects were recruited in this study, with a male/female ratio of 0.65 and a median age of 43 (IQR 32-52). Medium selenium levels in blood, hair and nail were 86.7 µg/l (IQR 55.9-200.3), 20.7 µg/g (IQR 12.6-40.3) and 56.9 µg/g (IQR 42.8-83.9), respectively, with lower levels in women in all three kind of samples. Concerning systolic blood pressure, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were 0.102 (95 % CI -0.025 to 0.226, p=0.116); 0.076 (95% CI -0.010 to 0.160, p=0.085); 0.072 (95% CI -0.015 to 0.157, p=0.104) with blood, hair and nail, respectively. For diastolic blood pressure, Pearson’s correlation coefficients are 0.106 (95% CI -0.022 to 0.230, p=0.104), 0.036 (95% CI -0.050 to 0.122, p=0.409), 0.049 (95% CI -0.038 to 0.135, p=0.272), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a positive correlation between selenium content in blood, hair and nails and increasing systolic and diastolic pressure levels, in line with previous epidemiologic findings, indicating a possible health concern for this highly exposed population. The possible relation between selenium over-exposure and onset of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases deserves further investigation

Blockade of cannabinoid 1 receptor improves glucose responsiveness in pancreatic beta cells

Cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are expressed in peripheral tissues, including islets of Langerhans, where their function(s) is under scrutiny. Using mouse beta-cell lines, human islets and CB1R-null (CB1R(-/-)) mice, we have now investigated the role of CB1Rs in modulating beta-cell function and glucose responsiveness. Synthetic CB1R agonists diminished GLP-1-mediated cAMP accumulation and insulin secretion as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse beta-cell lines and human islets. In addition, silencing CB1R in mouse cells resulted in an increased expression of pro-insulin, glucokinase (GCK) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), but this increase was lost in cells lacking insulin receptor. Furthermore, CB1R(-/-) mice had increased pro-insulin, GCK and GLUT2 expression in cells. Our results suggest that CB1R signalling in pancreatic islets may be harnessed to improve beta-cell glucose responsiveness and preserve their function. Thus, our findings further support that blocking peripheral CB1Rs would be beneficial to beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes

ECLAPTE: Effective Closure of LAParoTomy in Emergency-2023 World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines for the closure of laparotomy in emergency settings

Laparotomy incisions provide easy and rapid access to the peritoneal cavity in case of emergency surgery. Incisional hernia (IH) is a late manifestation of the failure of abdominal wall closure and represents frequent complication of any abdominal incision: IHs can cause pain and discomfort to the patients but also clinical serious sequelae like bowel obstruction, incarceration, strangulation, and necessity of reoperation. Previous guidelines and indications in the literature consider elective settings and evidence about laparotomy closure in emergency settings is lacking. This paper aims to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) project called ECLAPTE (Effective Closure of LAParoTomy in Emergency): the final manuscript includes guidelines on the closure of emergency laparotomy

Publisher Correction: Telomerecat: A ploidy-agnostic method for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data.

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