Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

Infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, constitute the most important ectoparasite problem for cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, resulting in major economic losses. The control of R. microplus is mostly based on the use of conventional acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. However, the intensive use of such compounds has resulted in tick populations that exhibit resistance to all major acaricide chemical classes. Consequently, there is a need for the development of alternative approaches, possibly including the use of animal husbandry practices, synergized pesticides, rotation of acaricides, pesticide mixture formulations, manual removal of ticks, selection for host resistance, nutritional management, release of sterile male hybrids, environmental management, plant species that are unfavourable to ticks, pasture management, plant extracts, essential oils and vaccination. Integrated tick management consists of the systematic combination of at least two control technologies aiming to reduce selection pressure in favour of acaricide-resistant individuals, while maintaining adequate levels of animal production. The purpose of this paper is to present a current review on conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance for better understanding and control of resistant ticks with particular emphasis on R. microplus on cattle

Improving the Control of the Cement Making Process by Applying Multivariate Classical Least Squares Calibration

Multivariate calibration techniques allow the control of chemical processes by estimating sample properties in a non-destructive, fast and consequently cheap way, which would otherwise require destructive, time-consuming or costly testing. This paper deals with the classical least squares (CLS) which is applied for improving the control of the calcium aluminate cement making process. The CLS has been successful since its performance has been verified through the prediction of samples different from those used to calibrate the model. The multivariate treatment of the data provided by two instrumental methods, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and reflection colorimetry (RC) allows for rapid and accuratedetermination of the Fe2O3/FeO ratio in CAC. Rapid  determination of the Fe2O3 content provides a better controlof the kiln, producing higher quality calcium aluminatecement. As both WDXRF and RC methods are currently routinely applied in cement factories as continuous controls of the cement making process, no extra equipment is necessary

Magnetically-induced ferroelectricity in the (ND4)2[FeCl5(D2O)] molecular compound

The number of magnetoelectric multiferroic materials reported to date is scarce, as magnetic structures that break inversion symmetry and induce an improper ferroelectric polarization typically arise through subtle competition between different magnetic interactions. The (NH4)2[FeCl5(H2O)] compound is a rare case where such improper ferroelectricity has been observed in a molecular material. We have used single crystal and powder neutron diffraction to obtain detailed solutions for the crystal and magnetic structures of (NH4)2[FeCl5(H2O)], from which we determined the mechanism of multiferroicity. From the crystal structure analysis, we observed an order-disorder phase transition related to the ordering of the ammonium counterion. We have determined the magnetic structure below TN, at 2K and zero magnetic field, which corresponds to a cycloidal spin arrangement with magnetic moments contained in the ac-plane, propagating parallel to the c-axis. The observed ferroelectricity can be explained, from the obtained magnetic structure, via the inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya mechanism

Tricuspid Insufficiency after Laser Lead Extraction

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99088/1/pace12160.pd

Evidence of Titan's Climate History from Evaporite Distribution

Water-ice-poor, 5-$\mu$m-bright material on Saturn's moon Titan has previously been geomorphologically identified as evaporitic. Here we present a global distribution of the occurrences of the 5-$\mu$m-bright spectral unit, identified with Cassini's Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) and examined with RADAR when possible. We explore the possibility that each of these occurrences are evaporite deposits. The 5-$\mu$m-bright material covers 1\% of Titan's surface and is not limited to the poles (the only regions with extensive, long-lived surface liquid). We find the greatest areal concentration to be in the equatorial basins Tui Regio and Hotei Regio. Our interpretations, based on the correlation between 5-$\mu$m-bright material and lakebeds, imply that there was enough liquid present at some time to create the observed 5-$\mu$m-bright material. We address the climate implications surrounding a lack of evaporitic material at the south polar basins: if the south pole basins were filled at some point in the past, then where is the evaporite

Synthesis and palladium-catalysed isomerisation of fused polycyclic tetrahydrofurans : efficient and stereoselective one-pot domino construction of functionalised bridged bicyclo[n.2.1] ring systems

International audienceA new one-pot domino reaction for a general entry to functionalised bridged bicyclo[n.2.1] ring systems from α,α'-diactivated cyclic ketones and trans-1,4-dihalides is described. The sequence combines a base promoted C-O cycloalkylation reaction leading to fused polycyclic enol ethers and their in situ palladium-catalysed isomerisation

The Band Excitation Method in Scanning Probe Microscopy for Rapid Mapping of Energy Dissipation on the Nanoscale

Mapping energy transformation pathways and dissipation on the nanoscale and understanding the role of local structure on dissipative behavior is a challenge for imaging in areas ranging from electronics and information technologies to efficient energy production. Here we develop a novel Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) technique in which the cantilever is excited and the response is recorded over a band of frequencies simultaneously rather than at a single frequency as in conventional SPMs. This band excitation (BE) SPM allows very rapid acquisition of the full frequency response at each point (i.e. transfer function) in an image and in particular enables the direct measurement of energy dissipation through the determination of the Q-factor of the cantilever-sample system. The BE method is demonstrated for force-distance and voltage spectroscopies and for magnetic dissipation imaging with sensitivity close to the thermomechanical limit. The applicability of BE for various SPMs is analyzed, and the method is expected to be universally applicable to all ambient and liquid SPMs.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Nanotechnolog

Langfristarbeitslosigkeit : psychosoziale Auswirkungen und Interventionsmaßnahmen in den Mitgliedstaaten des Europarates

"Der Europarat hat im Rahmen seines "Coordinated Social Reserach Fellowships Programme" im Jahre 1984/85 einen Forschungsauftrag über "Die psychologischen und sozialen Konsequenzen von Arbeitslosigkeit - insbesondere Langfrist- und Mehrfacharbeitslosigkeit - auf den einzelnen und die Familie: Durchgeführte oder geplante Maßnahmen im sozialen Bereich" an eine internationale zusammengesetzte Forschergruppe vergeben. Aufgabe dieser Studie war es, einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand in den Ländern des Europarates zu geben und eine Bestandsaufnahme der sozialen Maßnahmen zur Linderung der individuellen Folgen von Arbeitslosigkeit vorzulegen. Zur Durchführung der Studie wurden fünfzehn der insgesamt einundzwanzig Mitgliedsstaaten des Europarates besucht. Die Ergebnisse der psychologischen und soziologischen Arbeitslosenforschung zeigen, daß Arbeitslosigkeit für einen erheblichen Teil der Betroffenen psycho-soziales Leid und gesundheitliche Probleme verursachen kann. In der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Länder kann von psychosozialen Interventions- "Strategien" zur Linderung des Arbeitslosenleids kaum gesprochen werden. Psychosoziale Betreuungsmaßnahmen entstehen in der Regel nicht neu, sondern entwickeln sich zumeist im Rahmen bestehender Arbeitsmarktprogramme, seltener in anderen sozialen Bereichen." (Autorenreferat)Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit - Auswirkungen, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung, psychische Faktoren, Gesundheit, Europarat, Bundesrepublik Deutschland