Submission Guidelines

Updated guidelines for submitting manuscripts to JIAEE

Introduction and Table of Contents

The Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education is the official refereed publication of the Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education (AIAEE). Its purpose is to enhance the research and knowledge base of agricultural and extension education from an international perspective

Manuscript submission guidelines

Guidelines for submission

Manuscript Submission Guidelines

Guidelines for submission

Intensive Archeological Survey for the Bridge Replacement on Farm-to-Market 1511 at Serasca Creek, Leon County, Texas

On behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted an intensive archeological survey on April 16–17, 2018, of a potential bridge replacement consisting of approximately 2.4 acres of existing right-of-way (ROW) along Farm-to-Market (FM) Road 1511 in Leon County, Texas. Because the project will receive funding from the Federal Highways Administration, it qualifies as an undertaking as defined in Title 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800.16(y) and, therefore, the work was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (54 U.S. Code 306108). Furthermore, the project must also comply with the Antiquities Code of Texas (9 Natural Resources Code 191). Jon Budd served as Principal Investigator under Texas Antiquities Code Permit No. 8366. The total area of potential effects (APE) is defined as the existing 100-foot-wide FM 1511 ROW beginning 260 feet north of the Serasca Creek Channel Centerline and extending 1,035 feet south. According to typical design, the depth of impacts would be up to 20 feet below the current ground surface for the bridge supports and up to 6 feet for the rest of the project. The APE is approximately 2.4 acres. Background research identified no archeological surveys, archeological sites, cemeteries, or known historic resources within a 0.6-mile (1-kilometer) radius review area. In addition, seven potentially historical structures are located within the review area on 1953 and 1964 U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps. None of the structures are located within or immediately adjacent to the project area. The field investigation of the proposed project APE consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey with mechanical backhoe trenching. The existing ROW is heavily disturbed by prior roadway and bridge construction activities; in addition, a fiber optic line is located within the western portion of the ROW. The investigations identified no archeological resources within the APE. SWCA has made a reasonable and good faith effort to locate and identify historic properties as per 36 CFR Part 800.4(b)(1), and cultural resources as per Subchapter A of Chapter 26 of the Texas Administrative Code throughout the proposed project APE. Based on the results of the survey, SWCA recommends a finding of “no historic properties affected,” and no further archeological investigations are recommended within the APE

Manuscript Submission Guidelines

Updated guidelines for submitting manuscripts to JIAEE

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of Proposed Improvements to Farm-to-Market Road 16 from 4.0 Miles West of Farm-to-Market Road 849, East to United States Highway 69, Smith County, Texas

At the request of Arredondo, Zepeda, & Brunz, LLC (ABZ), and on behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Tyler District, SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted an intensive cultural resources survey of proposed improvements (i.e., widening the existing two-lane road) to approximately 23,232.08 linear feet (4.4 miles) of Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 16 from 4.0 miles west of FM 849 east to U.S. Highway 69 (US 69) in Lindale, Smith County, Texas (CSJ: 0522-04-032). The project would consist of widening FM 16 within existing and proposed right-of-way (ROW). The proposed project includes approximately 39.1 acres of existing FM 16 ROW, which ranges from 70 to 100 feet wide. Proposed ROW for the project would encompass approximately 68.1 acres and have a variable width of 145 to 315 feet within rural sections; in urban sections, the proposed ROW would be a minimum of 80 feet wide to a maximum of 370 feet wide. In summary, the overall area of potential effects (APE) is approximately 23,232.08 feet (4.4 miles) long, 70 to 370 feet wide, and will extend 4 to 6 feet below ground surface for roadway improvements, up to 10 feet below ground for cross drainage culverts, and 20 to 30 feet below ground for bridge support columns. Utility relocations are anticipated, but the exact locales of such relocations are currently unknown. Archaeological investigations were performed to comply with the Antiquities Code of Texas, due to the involvement of public lands controlled by TxDOT, a political subdivision of the State of Texas. Additionally, the project may receive funding from the Federal Highway Administration or require a federal permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and, as such, is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The goal of the work was to identify cultural resources within the proposed project area, establish vertical and horizontal site boundaries as appropriate, and evaluate the significance and eligibility of all discovered cultural resources for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or for designation as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL). SWCA conducted field investigations from February 21 through February 25. Archaeologists attempted to excavate 225 shovel tests during the survey, but due to standing water, existing subsurface utilities, and eroded areas, only 215 shovel tests were excavated in support of the project, which exceeds the Texas Historical Commission’s recommended survey standards for a project of this size. Investigations resulted in the discovery of two archaeological sites (41SM483 and 41SM484) consisting of an early- to midtwentieth-century single crib barn (41SM483) and a low-density scatter of non-diagnostic prehistoric lithic artifacts (41SM484). Investigations also discovered one isolated find (IF1), a single presumably Early Caddo (ca. A.D. 900–1200) ceramic sherd recovered from a single shovel test. Due to the paucity of cultural material, a lack of diagnostic artifacts, or cultural features, and extensive disturbances, both sites are recommended as not eligible for the NRHP or for designation as SALs. In accordance with the Antiquities Code of Texas and 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 800.4, SWCA made a reasonable and good faith effort to identify cultural resources within the APE. As no properties were identified that may meet the criteria for listing on the NRHP, according to 36 CFR 60.4, or for designation as an SAL, as per 13 TAC 26.12, SWCA recommends that no further cultural resources investigations are warranted within the surveyed portions of the APE and that a determination of No Historic Properties Affected be granted for the those areas. However, as SWCA lacked right-of-entry (ROE) to 30 parcels encompassing 27.76 acres of proposed ROW, investigations in those areas were not possible. To complete the assessment of the APE, SWCA recommends that an intensive cultural resources survey of the proposed ROW in these 30 parcels should be undertaken once ROE becomes available

Randomized Comparison of Two Internet-Supported Fertility Awareness Based Methods of Family Planning

Background: The aim was to compare the efficacy and acceptability of two Internet-supported fertility-awareness-based methods of family planning. Study design: Six hundred and sixty-seven women and their male partners were randomized into either an electronic hormonal fertility monitor (EHFM) group or a cervical mucus monitoring (CMM) group. Both groups utilized a Web site with instructions, charts and support. Acceptability was assessed online at 1, 3 and 6 months. Pregnancy rates were determined by survival analysis. Results: The EHFM participants (N=197) had a total pregnancy rate of 7 per 100 users over 12 months of use compared with 18.5 for the CMM group (N=164). The log rank survival test showed a significant difference (pb.01) in survival functions. Mean acceptability for both groups increased significantly over time (pb.0001). Continuation rates at 12 months were 40.6% for the monitor group and 36.6% for the mucus group. Conclusion: In comparison with the CMM, the EHFM method of family planning was more effective. All users had an increase in acceptability over time. Results are tempered by the high dropout rate

Gender Differences in Child Maltreatment: Child Sexual and Physical Abuse

More than 2 million investigations of suspected maltreatment were opened by child protective services (CPS) in 2018 (Child Trend, 2019), and in 91.7% of cases, parents of the children or stepchild in question were the primary offenders (Child Trend, 2019). Child maltreatment is broken down into two categories: abuse and neglect. Abuse can be further broken down into child physical abuse (CPA), child sexual abuse (CSA), and child emotional abuse (CEA: Park, 2020; Behl, Conyngham, & May, 2003). In considering risk for perpetration of abuse, some notable gender differences have been identified in past research. Females are more likely to be perpetrators of CPA than males, and males as more likely to perpetrate CSA (Behl et al., 2003). Recent research verifies that males are overwhelming more likely to perpetrate CSA, with girls as the primary victims (Behl et al., 2003, Mileva, Goshev, & Alexandrov, 2020; Park, 2020). Past research also places an emphasis on stepfathers as perpetrators of CSA, yet this may be an overrepresentation due to mis-education regarding CSA amongst children (Gerke, Rassenhofer, Witt, Sachser, & Fegert, 2019; Mileva, et al., 2020). Females perpetrate CPA at higher rates but are less likely to severely injure the child than males. Male perpetrators of CPA are generally more violent than female perpetrators. In general, fathers are more likely to favor authoritarian punishment and to use corporal punishment. Fathers’ high rates of corporal punishment may be a result of lack of experience in resolving child conflict due to lower levels of parental involvement

Intensive Archeological Survey on County Road 151 at the Nueces River, Live Oak County, Texas

On behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation, SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted an intensive cultural resources survey on July 25, 2017, of 1.13 acres of along County Road (CR) 151, southeast of George West in Live Oak County, Texas. As the project will receive funding from the Federal Highways Administration, it qualifies as an undertaking as defined in Title 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800.16(y); therefore, the archeological survey was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (54 U.S. Code 306108). Furthermore, the project must also comply with the Antiquities Code of Texas (9 Natural Resources Code 191). Eric Oksanen served as Principal Investigator under Texas Antiquities Code Permit No. 8113. The project area is defined as the existing CR 151 ROW beginning 508 feet (154 meters [m]) southwest of the south bank of the Nueces River, and ending 175 feet (53 m) northeast of the intersection of the north bank of the Nueces River. The area of potential effects (APE) for archeological resources consists of 0.93 acres of existing ROW and 0.2 acres of additional right of way (contiguous to and extending approximately 10 feet in added width on the east side) along 841 feet (256 m) of CR 151 with depths of impacts ranging from 3 feet (1 m) on the approaches to 40 feet (12 m) for the proposed bridge. Background research identified one archeological site (41LK286) within 0.6 mile (1 kilometer [km]) of the proposed project APE. Site 41LK286 is located 0.32 miles (0.51 km) southwest of the proposed APE. No archaeological surveys are mapped within a 0.6-mile (1- km) search radius of the proposed project APE. The historic map review identified no potentially historic structures within the current project APE and 48 potentially historic structures within a 0.6-miles (1-km) radius of the current APE. Additionally, two cemeteries, and one historic marker are located within 0.6 mile (1 km) of the project area. The field investigation consisted of two backhoe trench excavations. The existing ROW has been modified by the construction of CR 151, existing buried utilities, the current concrete span bridge, and disturbances from the active floodplain of the Nueces River. Portions of the ROW consist of tall grasses and dense riparian vegetation near the Nueces River. Outside the APE, the landscape comprises a densely-vegetated floodplain. The trenches and pedestrian survey identified no cultural materials or features in the project APE. One of the trenches uncovered an abandoned buried utility; the cumulative impacts from the roadway and existing utilities indicate a negligible potential for intact archeological resources within the APE. SWCA made a reasonable and good faith effort as per 36 CFR Part 800.4(b)(1) to identify and locate prehistoric and historic archeological properties within the proposed project APE. The field investigation discovered no cultural resources; therefore, SWCA recommends a finding of “no historic properties affected”