Therapeutics in cervical cancer. The Argentinian gynecological debates regarding the embrace of radiation therapy between 1917 and 1919

Entrada la segunda década del siglo XX, mientras se extendía la utilización de los métodos de radioterapia en los centros científicos internacionales, la aplicación del radio estaba prácticamente generalizada entre los ginecólogos que trataban el cáncer cervical en importantes hospitales de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ahora bien, las condiciones específicas en que se produjeron las investigaciones sobre estos métodos y la misma definición de los criterios terapéuticos, fueron parte de un complejo proceso que conjugó razonamientos propios de una tradición quirúrgica local, prácticas médicas descentralizadas, limitaciones institucionales e intereses profesionales en el control del tratamiento. Nos interrogamos alrededor de estas cuestiones, analizando un conjunto de notas, artículos, tesis y discusiones aparecidas en la Revista Argentina de Obstetricia y Ginecología (RAOG), primera producción científico médica del país que integró a la ginecología como especialidad protagónica. Seleccionamos estos trabajos desde su número de aparición a principios de 1917 hasta el año 1919, inclusive, identificando un momento inicial en los debates generados en torno la definición del enfoque terapéutico para el control del cáncer cervical en un contexto de reciente recepción de las nuevas tecnologías de la radioterapia por parte de la especialidad local.By the second decade of the twentieth century, the use of radiation therapy methods was spreading in international scientific centers. Meanwhile, the application of radiation was quite extensive among gynecologists treating cervical cancer in important hospitals in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. However, the particular conditions in which research on these methods took place, and the very definition of the therapeutic criteria, were part of an intricate process, that combined typical reasoning of the local surgical tradition, decentralized medical practices, institutional boundaries, and professional interest in the control of the treatment. We inquire about these topics, analyzing a corpus of notes, articles, thesis and discussions that took place in the Argentinian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (RAOG for its initials in Spanish), which was the first scientific and medical production in the country that integrated gynecology as its leading medical specialty. We chose these productions since the first issue, released at the beginning of 1917, till the year 1919, included, recognizing this time gap as an inaugural moment in the debates around the definition of the therapeutic approach for the control of the cervical cancer, in a context of recent reception of the new technologies of radiation therapy by the local specialists.Fil: Rodriguez, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Public Health Care Policies during Peronism: The Case of the Province of Córdoba, Argentina (1946-1955)

En este trabajo abordamos las transformaciones del universo hospitalario de la provincia de Córdoba durante el peronismo (1946-1955), a partir de la articulación entre fuentes primarias y aportes bibliográficos especializados. Para ello, abandonamos una tradición historiográfica dominante, tributaria de estudios de las dinámicas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires o de análisis de procesos que involucran, como principal protagonista, cuando no único, al nivel federal. Ponemos en perspectiva las limitaciones y los alcances en las intervenciones articuladas por las instancias estatales, nacional y provincial, en el plano local, y la institucionalidad formal entre nación y provincias a lo largo del período. Mostramos que los ritmos de las políticas públicas y sus resultados fueron radicalmente distintos a los vaivenes identificados al nivel de las políticas nacionales orientadas al ámbito hospitalario. En esta línea, consideramos las novedades e inercias materiales y las complejidades en el proceso de avance estatal, en relación a las tradicionales atribuciones que las asociaciones de beneficencia tenían sobre la administración de un vasto conjunto de nosocomios existentes en la provincia. Finalmente, buscamos dar cuenta de dicha especificidad, abordando un conjunto de variables ligadas a complejos procesos sociopolíticos de afirmación y consolidación de un peronismo local que nació sin la huella de la industrialización.From primary sources and specialized academic literature this paper analyzes changes that have occurred in the hospital system of the province of Córdoba during Peronism (1946-1955). It leaves both a historiographical tax-based tradition view focused on the city of Buenos Aires and an analysis of the process occurred at the federal level. The paper puts in perspective the scope and limitations of national and provincial governmental interventions at the local level as well as the formal institutional relationships between the national state and the Argentinean provinces. It shows that the dynamics of the public health care policies and changes at the provincial hospital system were radically different from what happened at the national level. For this purpose, it takes into account the actions taken by the state regarding the several attributions that the charities had on the administration of numerous hospitals in the province of Córdoba. Finally, it shows this specificity through the analysis of a set of variables associated with the consolidation of a local Peronism which was originated without the trace of the industrialization system.Fil: Rodriguez, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

AKT1 and AKT2 isoforms play distinct roles during breast cancer progression through the regulation of specific downstream proteins

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms associated with the specific effects of AKT1 and AKT2 isoforms in breast cancer progression. We modulated the abundance of specific AKT isoforms in IBH-6 and T47D human breast cancer cell lines and showed that AKT1 promoted cell proliferation, through S6 and cyclin D1 upregulation, but it inhibited cell migration and invasion through β1-integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) downregulation. In contrast, AKT2 promoted cell migration and invasion through F-actin and vimentin induction. Thus, while overexpression of AKT1 promoted local tumor growth, downregulation of AKT1 or overexpression of AKT2 promoted peritumoral invasion and lung metastasis. Furthermore, we evaluated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for invasive breast carcinomas and found that increased AKT2 but not AKT1 mRNA levels correlated with a worse clinical outcome. We conclude that AKT isoforms play specific roles in different steps of breast cancer progression, with AKT1 involved in the local tumor growth and AKT2 involved in the distant tumor dissemination, having AKT2 a poorer prognostic value and consequently being a worthwhile target for therapy.Fil: Riggio, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Perrone, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Polo, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Maria Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: May, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Abba, Martín Carlos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Lanari, Claudia Lee Malvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Novaro, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Glycans from Fasciola hepatica modulate the host immune response and TLR-Induced maturation of dendritic cells

Helminths express various carbohydrate-containing glycoconjugates on their surface, and they release glycan-rich excretion/secretion products that can be very important in their life cycles, infection and pathology. Recent evidence suggests that parasite glycoconjugates could play a role in the evasion of the immune response, leading to a modified Th2-polarized immune response that favors parasite survival in the host. Nevertheless, there is limited information about the nature or function of glycans produced by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, the causative agent of fasciolosis. In this paper, we investigate whether glycosylated molecules from F. hepatica participate in the modulation of host immunity. We also focus on dendritic cells, since they are an important target of immune-modulation by helminths, affecting their activity or function. Our results indicate that glycans from F. hepatica promote the production of IL-4 and IL-10, suppressing IFNγ production. During infection, this parasite is able to induce a semi-mature phenotype of DCs expressing low levels of MHCII and secrete IL-10. Furthermore, we show that parasite glycoconjugates mediate the modulation of LPS-induced maturation of DCs since their oxidation restores the capacity of LPS-treated DCs to secrete high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12/23p40 and low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Inhibition assays using carbohydrates suggest that the immune-modulation is mediated, at least in part, by the recognition of a mannose specific-CLR that signals by recruiting the phosphatase Php2. The results presented here contribute to the understanding of the role of parasite glycosylated molecules in the modulation of the host immunity and might be useful in the design of vaccines against fasciolosis.Fil: Rodriguez, Ernesto. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Noya, Verónica. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Cervi, Laura Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Chiribao, Maria Laura. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Brossard, Natalie. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Chiale, Carolina. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Carmona, Carlos. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Giacomini, Cecilia. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Freire, Teresa. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Práticas empíricas e medicina acadêmica na Argentina. Aproximações para uma análise quanti-qualitativa do Primeiro Censo Nacional (1869)

Este trabajo analiza la distribución de los sujetos especializados dedicados al cuidado de la salud en el territorio argentino según el Primer Censo Nacional (1869). Se presentan aproximaciones estadísticas y recursos gráficos que contribuyen a mostrar las lógicas de la presencia absoluta y relativa de los diplomados y los practicantes empíricos considerados. A partir de la articulación entre datos del dispositivo censal y aportes bibliográficos especializados se evidencian ciertas variables vinculadas a la presencia estatal, al desarrollo socioeconómico diferencial de las regionesy los clivajes rural-urbano en la larga primera mitad del siglo XIX.This paper analyzes the distribution of specialized subjects devoted to health care in the Argentine territory according to the First National Census (1869). We present statistical estimations and visual resources that contribute to illustrate the logic of the absolute and relative presence of graduates and empirical practitioners. By articulating census data with input from specialized bibliography, the paper provide evidence for certain variables associated with the presence of the State, the differential socio-economic development of the regions, and the rural-urban splits in the long first half of the nineteenth century.Este trabalho analisa a distribuição dos sujeitos especializados dedicados ao cuidado da saúde no território argentino, segundo o Primeiro Censo Nacional (1869). Apresentam-se aproximações estatísticas e recursos gráficos que contribuem para mostrar as lógicas da presença absoluta e relativa dos profissionais e dos estagiários empíricos considerados. A partir da articulação entre dados do dispositivo censitário e contribuições bibliográficas especializadas, evidenciam-se certas variáveis vinculadas à presença estatal, ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico diferencial das regiões e às divisões rural-urbana na longa primeira metade do século xix.Fil: Rodriguez, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio Sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Carbonetti, Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Andreatta, María Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentin

Las políticas hospitalarias peronistas: el caso de la provincia de córdoba, argentina (1946-1955)

En este trabajo abordamos las transformaciones del universo hospitalario de la provincia de Córdoba durante el peronismo (1946-1955), a partir de la articulación entre fuentes primarias y aportes bibliográficos especializados. Para ello, abandonamos una tradición historiográfica dominante, tributaria de estudios de las dinámicas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires o de análisis de procesos que involucran, como principal protagonista, cuando no único, al nivel federal. Ponemos en perspectiva las limitaciones y los alcances en las intervenciones articuladas por las instancias estatales, nacional y provincial, en el plano local, y la institucionalidad formal entre nación y provincias a lo largo del período. Mostramos que los ritmos de las políticas públicas y sus resultados fueron radicalmente distintos a los vaivenes identificados al nivel de las políticas nacionales orientadas al ámbito hospitalario. En esta línea, consideramos las novedades e inercias materiales y las complejidades en el proceso de avance estatal, en relación a las tradicionales atribuciones que las asociaciones de beneficencia tenían sobre la administración de un vasto conjunto de nosocomios existentes en la provincia. Finalmente, buscamos dar cuenta de dicha especificidad,  abordando un conjunto de variables ligadas a complejos procesos sociopolíticos de afirmación y consolidación de un peronismo local que nació sin la huella de la industrialización.Palabras claves:historia social, Estado, sistema hospitalario, políticas públicas, peronismo,  Córdoba, Argentina.Public Health Care Policies During Peronism: The Case of the Province of Córdoba, Argentina (1946-1955)AbstractFrom primary sources and specialized academic literature this paper analyzes changes that have occurred in the hospital system of the province of Córdoba during Peronism (1946-1955). It leaves both a historiographical tax-based tradition view focused on the city of Buenos Aires and an analysis of the process occurred at the federal level. The paper puts in perspective the scope and limitations of national and provincial governmental interventions at the local level as well as the formal institutional relationships between the national state and the Argentinean provinces. It shows that the dynamics of the public health care policies and changes at the provincial hospital system were radically different from what happened at the national level. For this purpose, it takes into account the actions taken by the state regarding the several attributions that the charities had on the administration of numerous hospitals in the province of Córdoba. Finally, it shows this specificity through the analysis of a set of variables associated with the consolidation of a local Peronism which was originated without the trace of the industrialization system.Keywords: social history, state, hospital system, public policies, Peronism, Córdoba, Argentina

Medicina, eugenia e gênero: O aborto terapêutico nas mulheres com tuberculose. Buenos Aires, 1920-1930

Se analiza el aborto terapéutico como un recurso médico orientado teóricamente a salvaguardar la salud y la vida de la mujer gestante enferma. El artículo se aproxima a esta problemática considerando la asociación entre “tisis y embarazo” a partir de discursos y experiencias clínicas publicadas por un conjunto de obstetras, ginecólogos y tisiólogos que trabajaban en los hospitales de la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 1920 y 1930. Así, se abordan saberes, discursos, criterios y prácticas terapéuticas, que muestran cómo se fueron definiendo tendencias conservadoras respecto a la gestación y a los órganos genésicos femeninos, bajo una agenda eugénica positiva que no priorizó la salud de estas enfermas. El texto muestra de qué manera dichas tendencias se moldearon a partir de valores y normativas anclados en la desigualdad de género.The article analyzes therapeutic abortion as a medical resource theoretically aimed at safeguarding the health and life of a sick pregnant woman. It addresses the issue by considering the relation between “tuberculosis and pregnancy”, on the basis of clinical discourses and experiences published by a group of obstetricians, gynecologists, and tuberculosis specialists who worked in the hospitals of Buenos Aires between 1920 and 1930. The knowledge, discourses, criteria, and therapeutic practices discussed here show how conservative tendencies were gradually defined regarding gestation and female reproductive organs, according to a positive eugenic agenda that did not prioritize the health of the sick women. The paper shows how those tendencies were shaped on the basis of values and norms grounded in gender inequality.Analisa-se o abordo terapêutico como um recurso médico orientado teoricamente a salvaguardar a saúde e a vida da mulher gestante doente. Este artigo se aproxima dessa problemática ao considerar a associação entre “tuberculose e gravidez” a partir de discursos e experiências clínicas publicadas por um conjunto de obstetras, ginecologistas e tisiologistas que trabalhavam nos hospitais da cidade de Buenos Aires entre 1920 e 1930. Assim, abordam-se saberes, discursos, critérios e práticas terapêuticas que mostram como foram sendo defendidas tendências conservadoras a respeito da gestação e dos órgãos genésicos femininos, sob uma agenda eugênica positiva que não priorizou a saúde dessas doentes. O texto mostra de que maneira essas tendências foram moldadas a partir de valores de normativas fundadas na desigualdade de gênero.Fil: Rodriguez, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Modulation of host plant immunity by Tobamovirus proteins

To establish successful infection, plant viruses produce profound alterations of host physiology, disturbing unrelated endogenous processes and contributing to the development of disease. In tobamoviruses, emerging evidence suggests that viral-encoded proteins display a great variety of functions beyond the canonical roles required for virus structure and replication. Among these, their modulation of host immunity appears to be relevant in infection progression. In this review, some recently described effects on host plant physiology of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)- encoded proteins, namely replicase, movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP), are summarized. The discussion is focused on the effects of each viral component on the modulation of host defense responses, through mechanisms involving hormonal imbalance, innate immunity modulation and antiviral RNA silencing. These effects are described taking into consideration the differential spatial distribution and temporality of viral proteins during the dynamic process of replication and spread of the virus. In discussion of these mechanisms, it is shown that both individual and combined effects of viral encoded proteins contribute to the development of the pathogenesis process, with the host plant’s ability to control infection to some extent potentially advantageous to the invading virus.Fil: Conti, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Maria Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Venturuzzi, Andrea Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Asurmendi, Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Comparison of two alternatives of combined drying to process blueberries (O'Neal): evaluation of the final quality

In this work, we examined and compared two combined alternatives for the drying of blueberries (O´Neal). Pretreatments of osmotic dehydration (60°Brix sucrose solution, at 40°C for 6h) and hot air drying (60°C, 2.5 m/s for 90 min) were performed to reach the same water content. Pretreated blueberries were then dried by microwave at different microwave output power values: 562.5W, 622.5W and 750W. The combined drying processes were also compared with hot air drying alone (control). The effects of the processes over blueberries were studied in terms of decrease in water content, drying rate, mechanical properties (firmness and stiffness), optical properties (L*, a* and hue angle (h)), antioxidant capacity and rehydration capacity. The hot air-microwave drying decreased the process time and presented a high drying rate compared with the osmotic dehydration-microwave processes and the control drying. In terms of quality, the antioxidant and rehydration capacities were the most affected. The results showed that the best drying method to obtain the desired final product was the hot air-microwave drying (750W).Fil: Rodriguez, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones En Criotecnología de Alimentos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Zaro, Maria Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones En Criotecnología de Alimentos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Lemoine, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones En Criotecnología de Alimentos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Mascheroni, Rodolfo Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones En Criotecnología de Alimentos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria; Argentin

Evaluation of the anti-angiogenic potential of hydroxytyrosol derivatives

Angiogenesis, a process which allows the formation of new vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential phenomenon for tumor survival since it allows cancer cells to obtain nutrients and oxygen. This explains the increasing interest showed by many groups of research and pharmaceutical companies to find compounds with potential to disrupt at least one of the steps within the angiogenic process. Hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol) has been identified as the most important health-related phenolic compound of virgin olive oil because of its pleiotropic effects on multiple targets. In 2012, our group identified hydroxytyrosol as an anti-angiogenic compound able to inhibit several key steps in the angiogenic process. In the present study, the potential effects of six hydroxytyrosol derivatives are tested and compared with those exhibited by hydroxytyrosol by making use of several in vitro and in vivo assays. Results indicate that these are candidate new anti-angiogenic compounds with potential utility in anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic therapies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech [Our experimental work is supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER) and P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain)]. This communication has the support of a travel grant