Optimal Resource Allocation in Relay-Assisted Cellular Networks With Partial CSI

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The relationship between hiv duration, insulin resistance and diabetes risk

The risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in people living with HIV (PLWH) can be four times greater and can occur at an earlier age and even without the presence of obesity compared to those without HIV. Therefore, the purpose of this analytical cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between HIV duration and glucose metabolism among PLWH. Eighty-two PLWH were categorized into shorter (≤15 years) or longer HIV duration (≥16 years) and then compared for differences in demographics, physical and clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and dietary intake. Compared to those with shorter HIV duration (n = 34), those with longer HIV duration (n = 48) were on average older (p = 0.02), reported lower consumption of alcohol (p = 0.05), had higher levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p = 0.02), were also more likely to be a woman (p = 0.06), and have higher levels of fasting insulin (p = 0.06). When adjusted for age and body weight, the levels of HOMA-IR and fasting insulin were higher (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) with longer compared to shorter HIV duration, respectively. Longer exposure to HIV infection is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity. Continuing research aimed at the long-term effects of HIV infection and (antiretroviral therapy) is required

Do primary health centres and hospitals contribute equally towards achievement of the transversal clinical competencies of medical students? Performance on the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in competency acquisition

AbstractObjectivesThe adaptation of the educational programmes of European faculties of medicine to the European Higher Education Area guidelines has focused curricula design on competence acquisition. Competencies are defined as the achievements of a predetermined level of efficacy in real-world scenarios. Our objective was to assess whether performance on a common competence evaluation test, the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), resulted in different scores for second-year students after a practical medical training course took place in a primary health centre (PHC) or in a hospital.DesignA descriptive study was conducted during the 2010–2014 academic year of the OSCE test scores obtained by all second-year students.LocationFaculty of Medicine at the University of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain).Main measurementsWe performed a correlation analysis between students who completed their practical medical training at the PHC and hospitals utilising Student's t-test for comparison of means.Results423 students who completed internships at the PHC and at hospitals obtained OSCE mean scores of 7.32 (SD; IC) (0.82; 7.18–7.47) points and 7.17 (0.83; 6.07–7.26) points, respectively (p=0.07).ConclusionsSecond-year medical students acquired similar competency levels in the two analysed training scenarios. The two areas both serve their teaching purpose

Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium brumae sustains its nonpathogenic and immunogenic phenotype

Mycobacterium brumae is a rapid-growing, non-pathogenic Mycobacterium species, originally isolated from environmental and human samples in Barcelona, Spain. Mycobacterium brumae is not pathogenic and it's in vitro phenotype and immunogenic properties have been well characterized. However, the knowledge of its underlying genetic composition is still incomplete. In this study, we first describe the 4 Mb genome of the M. brumae type strain ATCC 51384T assembling PacBio reads, and second, we assess the low intraspecies variability by comparing the type strain with Illumina reads from three additional strains. Mycobacterium brumae genome is composed of a circular chromosome with a high GC content of 69.2% and containing 3,791 CDSs, 97 pseudogenes, one prophage and no CRISPR loci. Mycobacterium brumae has shown no pathogenic potential in in vivo experiments, and our genomic analysis confirms its phylogenetic position with other non-pathogenic and rapid growing mycobacteria. Accordingly, we determined the absence of virulence-related genes, such as ESX-1 locus and most PE/PPE genes, among others. Although the immunogenic potential of M. brumae was proved to be as high as Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only mycobacteria licensed to treat cancer, the genomic content of M. tuberculosis T cell and B cell antigens in M. brumae genome is considerably lower than those antigens present in M. bovis BCG genome. Overall, this work provides relevant genomic data on one of the species of the mycobacterial genus with high therapeutic potential

Asociatividad de los productores de ají de páprika del caserío de Siguis, distrito de Cachachi, Cajabamba-Cajamarca para la exportación al mercado de España en el 2019

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo elaborar una propuesta asociativa adecuada para los productores del caserío de Siguis, distrito de Cachachi, Cajabamba – Cajamarca, para la exportación de ají de páprika a España, en el año 2019. El tipo de investigación es propositiva, se utilizó técnicas como la encuesta y la entrevista mediante el uso de dos cuestionarios, para el análisis de datos se utilizó Microsoft Excel, en una base de datos, con la función “tabla dinámica” se creó tablas y gráficas porcentuales de pastel, ello permitió la interpretación de los resultados orientados a los objetivos de investigación. Entre los principales resultados se determinó que los productores cuentan con indicios importantes para proponer la asociatividad, dado que trabajan conjuntamente, planifican su producción y están dispuestos a asociarse, además destacar que el ají de páprika es un producto con gran potencial en las exportaciones, Finalmente se concluyó que la Cooperativa es el tipo de asociatividad adecuado para estos productores, les brindará beneficios como acceso a financiamiento, mayores oportunidades de mercado, mayor poder de negociación para la compra de materia prima y venta del producto a un precio justo, y a través del plan de negocio se determinó el proyecto como viable.The objective of this research is to develop a suitable associative proposal for the producers of the hamlet of Siguis, district of Cachachi, Cajabamba - Cajamarca, for the export of paprika pepper to Spain, in 2019. The type of research is propositional, it is used techniques such as the survey and the interview through the use of two questionnaires, Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis, in a database, with the function "dynamic table" tables and percentage pie graphs were created, this allowed the interpretation of the results oriented to the research objectives. Among the main results, it was determined that producers have important indicators to propose associativity, since they work together, plan their production and are willing to associate, in addition to highlighting that the paprika pepper is a product with great potential in exports. It was concluded that the Cooperative is the appropriate type of association for these producers, it will provide them with benefits such as access to financing, greater market opportunities, greater negotiating power for the purchase of raw material and sale of the product at a fair price, and through business plan the project was determined as viable

Heart morphology differences induced by intrauterine growth restriction and premature birth measured on the ECG in pre-adolescents

Pre-adolescents who had suffered from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during their mothers'' pregnancy usually present more spherical hearts (smaller relation between base to apex measure and basal diameter), measured using echocardiograms, which has been associated with long-term cardiac disfunction. The present work aims to analyse these heart morphology changes by means of the surface ECG so as to have an early diagnostic tool of this pathology. The dataset is conformed by 148 pre-adolescents with either preterm or term births, and with or without IUGR. Once QRS and T-wave loops were obtained from the vectorcardiogram, the angles between the dominant vector of the QRS loop and -XY or -YZ planes(FR-XY, FR-YZ) and the difference between FR-XY and the angle between the dominant vector of T-wave loop (FT-XY) and the XY-plane showed different values for pre-adolescents who suffered from premature birth and IUGR than for control subjects (p < 0.05). These characteristics can open the door for a much easier diagnosis and follow-up of candidates for these disfunctions