Analytical Model of Socio-Technical Sustainability of Dynamic Hypermedia Devices

Este artículo presenta un modelo analítico de sostenibilidad de redes socio-técnicas para la construcción colaborativa de conocimiento en contextos institucionales y organizacionales. El objetivo se centra en fundamentar una perspectiva teórica-metodológica a partir de la noción de “dispositivo hipermedial dinámico” (DHD). En lo metodológico, desde un posicionamiento sociotécnico, se realiza una revisión de los principales debates y perspectivas teóricas sobre la expansión de TIC en relación a la problemática a tratar. Luego se desarrollan propositivamente las componentes del modelo de sostenibilidad-DHD siguiendo sus cuatro dimensiones: social, institucional, tecnológica y textual. El diseño del modelo, no jerárquico y relacional, se estima a su vez beneficioso para orientar el proceso constructivo de este tipo de dispositivos. Además, puede colaborar de manera flexible para analizar transformaciones socio-tecnológicas en diversos contextos situados. Finalmente, la consistencia de los resultados analíticos a alcanzar podría ser efectiva, ya que es posible vincular: el carácter dinámico, relacional e interactivo de las características de una tecnología; las tensiones sociales y políticas existentes en el marco socio-institucional donde se desarrolla; las posibles formas de diseño participativo, en función de los requerimientos de una institución u organización; y la producción colaborativa en red, promoviendo responsabilidades de gestión organizacional.Este artigo apresenta um modelo analítico de sustentabilidade de redes sociotécnicas para a construção colaborativa de conhecimento em contextos institucionais/organizacionais. O objetivo é focado na fundamentação de uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica a partir da noção de “dispositivo hipermedial dinâmico” (DHD). No metodológico, a partir de um posicionamento sociotécnico, é feita uma revisão dos principais debates e perspectivas teóricas sobre a expansão de TIC em relação à problemática a ser tratada. Depois, são desenvolvidos propositivamente os componentes do modelo de sustentabilidade-DHD seguindo suas quatro dimensões: social, institucional, tecnológica e textual. O design do modelo, não hierárquico e relacional, é também considerado propício para orientar o processo construtivo deste tipo de dispositivos. Além disso, pode colaborar de forma flexível para analisar transformações sociais tecnológicas em diversos contextos. Finalmente, a consistência dos resultados analíticos a serem alcançados poderia ser efetiva, pois é possível vincular: o caráter dinâmico, relacional e interativo das características de uma tecnologia; as tensões sociais e políticas existentes no plano social institucional onde é desenvolvido; as possíveis formas de design participativo, em função dos requerimentos de uma instituição ou organização; e a produção colaborativa em rede, promovendo responsabilidades de gestão organizacional.This paper presents an analytical model of sustainable socio-technical networks for the collaborative knowledge building in organizational/institutional contexts. Its objective focuses on supporting a theoretic-methodological perspective based on the idea of a “dynamic hypermedia device” (DHD). With regard to the methodological aspect, from a socio-technical position, the main debates and theoretical perspectives about the expansion of information and communication technologies pertinent to the issue to be discussed are reviewed. Then the components of the sustainability-DHD model are developed proactively, following its four dimensions: social, institutional, technological and textual. The design of the model, nonhierarchical and relational, is considered beneficial to guide the building process of these kinds of devices. In addition, it can collaborate in a flexible way in order to analyze the sociotechnological transformations in diverse situational contexts. Finally, the consistency of the analytical results to be reached could be effective, since it is possible to connect: the dynamic, relational and interactive aspects of the technology’s characteristics; the social and political tensions within the socio-institutional framework in which it develops; the possible ways of participative design, as a function of the institution or organization’s requirements; and the networked collaborative production, promoting organizational management responsibilities.Fil: Andres, Gonzalo Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: San Martin, Patricia Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Guillermo L.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentin

Génesis de suelos en un sector del piedemonte aluvial del Chaco salteño

Se estudia la relación suelo-paisaje, las propiedades físico-químicas y la composición mineralógica de diferentes suelos dentro del cono aluvial del río Del Valle, en el borde occidental del Chaco salteño, en la provincia de Salta, Argentina. Se identificaron seis grupos de suelos con características bien definidas. Los Ustipsamentes y Haplustoles de textura gruesa a media se encuentran principalmente en cordones arenosos, vías de drenaje y planicies del sector proximal del cono; los Argiustoles y Haplustalfes de texturas medias se desarrollan mayormente en las planicies estabilizadas del sector intermedio; mientras que los Haplustertes de textura fina son característicos de los ambientes de bañados del sector intermedio y distal. Los análisis mineralógicos se llevaron a cabo mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX) y medición de la Susceptibilidad Magnética (SM). La DRX del suelo total mostró variaciones en la proporción de cuarzo, feldespatos, muscovita y minerales accesorios entre los perfiles, reflejando la heterogeneidad de sus materiales parentales. La composición mineralógica de la fracción arcilla permitió diferenciar dos tipos de materiales originarios, posiblemente relacionados con distintas áreas de aporte: I) uno rico en esmectitas e illitas donde se desarrollan el Ustipsament, los Haplustoles y el Haplustert; y II) otro con menor proporción de minerales expansibles y dominancia de illita, correspondiente a los horizontes C del Argiustol y el Haplustalf. Por otra parte, las curvas de Susceptibilidad Magnética muestran tendencias opuestas del Vertisol respecto al Argiustol, el Haplustalf y el Haplustol típico, reflejando condiciones físico-químicas diferentes entre estos suelos, mientras que en el Entisol y los Haplustoles énticos, las curvas varían irregularmente de acuerdo con la heterogeneidad de las capas sedimentarias que los conforman. El presente trabajo resume nuevos resultados e interpretaciones acerca de la génesis, composición y distribución de los suelos para una región donde esta información es todavía escasa.The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil-landscape relationships and the physico-chemical and mineralogical composition of different soils within the alluvial fan of Del Valle river, in the western part of the Chaco region in the Salta Province, Argentina. Six groups of soils with distinct characteristics were identified. Medium to coarse-textured Ustipsamments and Haplustolls were found on elongated gently convex sandy accumulations, drainage networks and plains of the proximal section of the alluvial fan. The medium-textured Argiustolls and Haplustalfs are mainly developed on stabilized plains in the intermediate section, while fine-textured Haplusterts characterize swamp environments between intermediate and distal sections of the fan. Mineralogical analyses were performed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) measurements. The XRD on total soils samples showed variations in the proportion of quartz, feldspars, muscovite and accessory minerals among the profiles, reflecting the heterogeneity of their parent materials. Moreover, according to the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction, two types of parent materials, possibly related to different source areas, were distinguished: I) one containing high proportions of smectite and illite, where Ustipsamments, Haplustolls and Haplusterts are developed; and II) another one with a lower proportion of expansive minerals and dominance of illite, corresponding to the C horizons of Argiustolls and Haplustalfs. The Magnetic Susceptibility of the Vertisol showed an opposite trend to that of the Argiustoll, Haplustalf and Typic Haplustoll, reflecting different physical-chemical conditions between those soil types, while the MS of the Entisol and Entic Haplustolls varied irregularly with depth in accordance to the heterogeneity of their sedimentary layers. This study summarizes new results and interpretations about the origin, composition and distribution of soils in a region where this information is still scarce.Fil: Moretti, Lucas Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Dario Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Morras, Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentin

El INTA digitaliza las cartas de suelos de la provincia de Buenos Aires.

Investigadores del Instituto de Suelos ponen a disposición la información de suelos a escala 1:50.000. Fueron elaboradas a partir de las cartas de suelos originales de la provincia y son una herramienta imprescindible para la toma de decisiones y la proyección productiva.Fil: Rodriguez, Dario Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentin

Argentina: Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential National Map. National Report. Version 1.0. Year: 2021

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key factor affecting soil physical fertility, as it improves several soil properties such as infiltration, structural stability, porosity, aeration and structure. It also improves soil chemical fertility since C is part of the soil organic matter, which constitutes the main reservoir of nutrients for crops (nitrogen, sulfur, zinc, among others). SOC is positively correlated with soil microbial biomass that acts on nutrient cycling and metabolization processes of toxic molecules. The total SOC stock in topsoil (0-30cm) is about 19.7 Pg C (FAO-ITPS GSOC map, 2018). Thus, due to the size of the soil carbon pool, even small increments in the net soil C storage may represent a substantial C sink potential. Although agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) contribute to an important share of Argentina GHG emissions (135.53 MtCO2eq, 37% of total country GHG emissions; SAyDS, 2019), increasing ASOC stocks through judicious land use and sustainable soil management (SSM) practices may represent an important strategy to reduce and mitigate GHG emissions. In Argentina, the total productive area is about 157 million hectares (INDEC, 2021). Agricultural área (croplands) is about 40 (forty) million hectares, predominantly under no tillage system (91% agricultural area; AAPRESID, 2020). Soybean is the main product (45 million tons in 17 million hectares), followed by corn (44 million tons in 6.3 million hectares), wheat (17 million tons in 6.5 million hectares), barley (4.1 million tons in 0.1 million hectares) and sunflower (2.7 million tons in 1.3 million hectares).The rest of the area (over 124 Million hectares) is occupied with grasslands and shrublands dedicated to livestock production, and other agricultural uses. In the last decade’s agricultural land increased and SOC content decayed. This process of land use change was explained by increasing soybean monoculture and displacing livestock area, reducing SOC content (Lavado & Taboada, 2009). There has been an intense expansion of agriculture at the expense of grasslands, native forests and other natural resources in semiarid, sub-humid and subtropical regions of the country (Volante et al., 2012). Currently, soils of the Chaco-Pampean region exhibit SOC levels between 40-70% of the contents of virgin soils (Alvarez & Steinbach, 2009; Sainz Rozas et al., 2011; Milesi Delaye et al., 2013). Several farming practices may be used to restore or diminish the SOC loss, reduce soil erosion, sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and improve the soil quality (Poffenbarger et al., 2020). Among these practices, the inclusion of cover crops (CC) during winter has been postulated as one of the most promising activities (Ruis & Blanco-Canqui, 2017). The inclusion of CC showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.45 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), in Argentina (Alvarez et al., 2017; Beltran et al., 2018; Romaniuk et al., 2018). Increasing nutrient availability, crop growth and residue returns by increasing fertilizer use showed an increment of SOC around 0.18 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03) (Duval et al., 2020; Restovich et al., 2019). The inclusion of cycles with perennial pastures in crop rotations showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.76 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), exhibiting the greatest potential to increase SOC stocks (Costantini et al., 2016; Gil et al., 2016). Sustainable soil management (SSM) practices (FAO, 2020) such as the above mentioned practices have demonstrated potential to increase SOC stocks in different agricultural systems in Argentina, and thus sequester atmospheric CO2 as SOC to mitigate GHG emissions. However, SOC sequestration from these practices show highly variable sequestration rates, depending on edapho-climatic conditions, land use and management, among other factors. It is therefore relevant to identify which regions, soils, climates and systems have a greater potential to increase SOC stocks, in order to establish priorities for research and implementation of private and public policies. In this Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key factor affecting soil physical fertility, as it improves several soil properties such as infiltration, structural stability, porosity, aeration and structure. It also improves soil chemical fertility since C is part of the soil organic matter, which constitutes the main reservoir of nutrients for crops (nitrogen, sulfur, zinc, among others). SOC is positively correlated with soil microbial biomass that acts on nutrient cycling and metabolization processes of toxic molecules. The total SOC stock in topsoil (0-30cm) is about 19.7 Pg C (FAO-ITPS GSOC map, 2018). Thus, due to the size of the soil carbon pool, even small increments in the net soil C storage may represent a substantial C sink potential. Although agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) contribute to an important share of Argentina GHG emissions (135.53 MtCO2eq, 37% of total country GHG emissions; SAyDS, 2019), increasing ASOC stocks through judicious land use and sustainable soil management (SSM) practices may represent an important strategy to reduce and mitigate GHG emissions. In Argentina, the total productive area is about 157 million hectares (INDEC, 2021). Agricultural área (croplands) is about 40 (forty) million hectares, predominantly under no tillage system (91% agricultural area; AAPRESID, 2020). Soybean is the main product (45 million tons in 17 million hectares), followed by corn (44 million tons in 6.3 million hectares), wheat (17 million tons in 6.5 million hectares), barley (4.1 million tons in 0.1 million hectares) and sunflower (2.7 million tons in 1.3 million hectares).The rest of the area (over 124 Million hectares) is occupied with grasslands and shrublands dedicated to livestock production, and other agricultural uses. In the last decade’s agricultural land increased and SOC content decayed. This process of land use change was explained by increasing soybean monoculture and displacing livestock area, reducing SOC content (Lavado & Taboada, 2009). There has been an intense expansion of agriculture at the expense of grasslands, native forests and other natural resources in semiarid, sub-humid and subtropical regions of the country (Volante et al., 2012). Currently, soils of the Chaco-Pampean region exhibit SOC levels between 40-70% of the contents of virgin soils (Alvarez & Steinbach, 2009; Sainz Rozas et al., 2011; Milesi Delaye et al., 2013). Several farming practices may be used to restore or diminish the SOC loss, reduce soil erosion, sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and improve the soil quality (Poffenbarger et al., 2020). Among these practices, the inclusion of cover crops (CC) during winter has been postulated as one of the most promising activities (Ruis & Blanco-Canqui, 2017). The inclusion of CC showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.45 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), in Argentina (Alvarez et al., 2017; Beltran et al., 2018; Romaniuk et al., 2018). Increasing nutrient availability, crop growth and residue returns by increasing fertilizer use showed an increment of SOC around 0.18 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03) (Duval et al., 2020; Restovich et al., 2019). The inclusion of cycles with perennial pastures in crop rotations showed average SOC sequestration rates of 0.76 tC/ha/yr (± 0.03), exhibiting the greatest potential to increase SOC stocks (Costantini et al., 2016; Gil et al., 2016). Sustainable soil management (SSM) practices (FAO, 2020) such as the above mentioned practices have demonstrated potential to increase SOC stocks in different agricultural systems in Argentina, and thus sequester atmospheric CO2 as SOC to mitigate GHG emissions. However, SOC sequestration from these practices show highly variable sequestration rates, depending on edapho-climatic conditions, land use and management, among other factors. It is therefore relevant to identify which regions, soils, climates and systems have a greater potential to increase SOC stocks, in order to establish priorities for research and implementation of private and public policies.Fil: Frolla, Franco Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave; ArgentinaFil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Wageningen University. Soil Geography and Landscape group; Holanda. International Soil Reference and Information Centre. World Soil Information; HolandaFil: Beltran, Marcelo Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Guillermo Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Di Paolo, Luciano E. Global Soil Partnership Secretariat - FAO; ItaliaFil: Rodriguez, Dario Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Pascale Medina, Carla. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Alianza Sudamericana de Suelos; Argentin

SISINTAR: Uin paquete para gestionar datos de perfiles de suelo de Argentina

Presentación en diapositivasEl INTA de Argentina mantiene SISINTA un sistema de información para gestionar datos de perfiles de suelo (información de campo, laboratorio y ubicación). Permite búsquedas por atributos y ubicación, así como la descarga de los datos. El paquete SISINTAR fue desarrollado para permitir el acceso, lectura y manipulación de datos de perfiles de suelo de SISINTA de forma programática, utilizando estándares en el procesamiento, visualización y representación de información de suelos y desde R.Instituto de SuelosFril: Campitelli, Elio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina.Fil: Corrales, Paola. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina.Fil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO); ItaliaFil: Rodriguez, Darío M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Bellini Saibene, Yanina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentin

Mineralogía de arenas del material parental de suelos del noreste de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

El extremo noreste de Santiago del Estero se sitúa en el borde noroccidental de la cuenca de los Bajos Submeridionales (BBSS) en el sector distal del mega-abanico del río Salado. Para esta región se han reportado sedimentos eólicos (Formación Urundel), lacustres y fluviales, cuya génesis está vinculada con cambios climáticos y procesos neotectónicos del Cuaternario. La Formación Urundel se caracteriza por abundante cuarzo y ausencia de vidrio volcánico en las fracciones gruesas, e illita en la fracción arcilla. No obstante estudios recientes en la región revelaron la presencia de suelos y pedosedimentos compuestos por vidrio volcánico, illita, caolinita y minerales interestratificados illita-esmectita. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el conocimiento de la génesis y evolución de los suelos de este sector de los BBSS, a través del estudio mineralógico de la fracción arena de cinco perfiles ubicados en una toposecuencia. Se incluyen otros datos analíticos físicos y físico-químicos para complementar las interpretaciones. Los análisis permitieron diferenciar una paleosuperficie (P) en la base de los perfiles y dos unidades depositacionales (UD) sobreyacentes, que comprenden al pedosedimento (UD I) y a un material de poco espesor y de textura fina (UD II). También se reconoció un nivel de transición señalado como UD I-P. En todos los casos se identificó cuarzo, feldespatos, alteritas, vidrio volcánico ácido, micas, hornblendas y piroxeno, además de pseudo-arenas y granos recubiertos, donde las proporciones de cada uno varían tanto dentro como entre perfiles. Las paleosuperficies (P) y las UD I-P son ricas en cuarzo y pobres en vidrio volcánico, micas, minerales ferromagnesianos, pseudo-arenas y granos recubiertos. En el pedosedimento (UD I) esta relación se invierte, siendo notorio el incremento en vidrio volcánico, pseudo-arenas y granos recubiertos, mientras que en la UD II se registran en general porcentajes intermedios. Estas variaciones se corresponden con los valores de la susceptibilidad magnética (χ), la cual es mayor en el solum de los perfiles y disminuyen hacia la base en relación al menor contenido de minerales ferromagnesianos. Por su parte, el abundante contenido de pseudo-arenas detectado en el pedosedimento (UD I) implica una subestimación del porcentaje de arcilla en el análisis granulométrico, lo que es reflejado además, en valores anómalos de la CIC calculados para esa fracción. Los resultados sugieren un modelo de evolución paisaje-suelo relacionado con los cambios ambientales del Cuaternario en la región, en donde las fluctuaciones climáticas y la dinámica tectónica del Pleistoceno Superior habrían provocado el reajuste en la red hidrográfica del río Salado, favoreciendo procesos de erosión de paleosuperficies y generando pedosedimentos. La mineralogía determinada para la paleosuperficie permite vincularla con los sedimentos del río Salado y con las areniscas cuarcíticas del sustrato prealuvional aflorante en el área. Por su parte, el pedosedimento se habría enriquecido en minerales de origen volcaniclástico, donde la elevada proporción de vidrio los relaciona con la Formación Tezanos Pinto, descrita más al sur en la cuenca de los BBSS. Finalmente, la UD II correspondería a otro evento de depositación eólica que cubrió la superficie de la subcuenca, probablemente durante alguno de los ciclos áridos del Holoceno.The northeast of Santiago del Estero province is located in the northwestern edge of the Bajos Submeridionales basin (BBSS), in the distal area of the Salado river mega-fan (Fig. 1a). The pre-alluvial substrate in this sector of the Chaco plain is composed by the quartzite sandstones of the Las Piedritas Formation. According to the sedimentary model proposed by Iriondo (1990), the parent materials of the soils are of aeolian, lacustrine and fluvial origin. The genesis of these materials is linked to climatic variations and the neotectonic activity of the Quaternary. The aeolian sediments in the area would correspond to the loess of the Urundel Formation (Iriondo, 1990), which has been characterized by abundant quartz and absence of volcanic glass in the coarse fractions, and illite in the clay fraction.On the other hand, recent studies in the northeast of Santiago del Estero province revealed the presence of pedosediments, which were identified through micromorphological, mineralogical, chemical and physical analyses (Moretti et al., 2020). Unlike the Urundel Formation, soils and pedosedimentary parent materials show different proportions of volcanic glass in the sand fraction, while the clay fraction is composed of illite, kaolinite, and illite-smectite interlayer minerals, among other characteristics. Given the differences in mineralogy and origin between the mentioned sedimentary materials, the aim of this work is to improve the knowledge of the origin of the parent materials and their influence in the soil genesis in this region, through the mineralogical study of the sand fraction. Five soil profiles developed in different landscape positions were studied: an Entic Haplustoll (C-50) and a Typic Haplustoll (C-73) in the alluvial bajada unit; a Typic Argiustoll (C-16) in the slope unit; a Typic Haplustert (C-53) in the flood-plain unit; and a Typic Endoacuert (C-27) in the drainage network (Fig. 1b).The qualitative and quantitative mineralogical study was carried out on the most representative sand fraction (very fine sand: 50-100 μm) by means of optical polarization microscopy. The analysis and interpretation of the mineralogical data was complemented by other previous analytical data (Moretti et al., 2020): granulometry, cation exchange capacity of the clay fraction (CICarc), micromorphology on thin sections, and specific mass magnetic susceptibility (χ).The results obtained (Table 1), allowed to identify a paleosurface (P) at the base of the profiles, and two overlying depositional units (UD). UD I includes the pedosediment and UD II consists of a few centimeters thick fine-grained material. A transitional level (UD I-P) between the paleosurface and the pedosediment was also differentiated. For all the profiles, the identified minerals were quartz, feldspars, alterites, acid volcanic glass, micas, hornblendes and pyroxenes, in addition to silt-clayey micro-aggregates (pseudo-sands) and grains coated with clay and iron oxides (Fig. 2c; d; e; f y Fig. 3a; b; c; d). In each case, their percentages vary both within the same profile and between profiles, with different trends according to the soil-landscape unit.EEA Cerro AzulFil: Moretti, Lucas M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Visgarra, Lidia A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimilí; ArgentinaFil: Morras, Héctor José María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Darío Martín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Guillermo Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentin

Geopedología del sector noroccidental de la cuenca de los bajos submeridionales, Argentina

Se realiza el estudio geopedológico de una subcuenca en el límite Santiago del Estero-Chaco, en el borde noroccidental de la cuenca de los Bajos Submeridionales, con el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de los factores y procesos formadores que controlan el tipo y distribución de los suelos de la región. Para tal fin se realiza un mapa geomorfológico, y se estudian calicatas representativas de cada unidad de paisaje delimitada. En laboratorio, se llevan a cabo los análisis físicos y químicos de rutina para cada perfil. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar cuatro unidades de paisaje-suelo a nivel categórico de “Forma del terreno”: 1) Planicie suavemente ondulada, con Molisoles de poco desarrollo y con numerosas discontinuidades litológicas. Los procesos pedogenéticos dominantes corresponden a melanización en superficie y carbonatación en profundidad; 2) Pendiente (0,5 a 1,5%), donde se reconocen Molisoles de mayor desarrollo, además de Alfisoles, sujetos a procesos de erosión hídrica. Los procesos pedogenéticos corresponden a melanización, argiluviación y carbonatación; 3) Plano bajo, donde dominan Vertisoles bien desarrollados y que no habían sido documentados hasta el momento en la cartografía disponible para el sector chaqueño. Los procesos pedogenéticos en esta unidad son melanización, carbonatación, argiluviación, vertisolización y óxido-reducción; y 4) Vía de drenaje, en la que además de Vertisoles se identificaron Alfisoles. Los procesos dominantes corresponden a óxido-reducción, dada por la fluctuación de la napa, mientras que en los Alfisoles se adiciona el de sodificación. El estudio realizado brinda una nueva interpretación acerca de la génesis y distribución de los suelos en la región. Asimismo, la información generada resulta de utilidad para futuros relevamientos semidetallados en el sector santiagueño de la cuenca de los BBSS, donde la agricultura avanzó y es necesaria la toma de decisiones para mitigar los procesos de degradación, como la erosión hídrica y la salinización.The geopedological study of a sub-basin in the Santiago del Estero-Chaco limit, on the northwestern edge of the Bajo Submeridionales basin, is carried out, with the aim of deepening the knowledge of the factors and formative processes that control the type and distribution of the soils of the region. For this purpose, a geomorphological map is made, representative pits of each delimited landscape unit are studied and sampled. In the laboratory, routine physical and chemical analyzes are carried out for each profile. The results obtai ned allowed the identification of four landscape-soil units at the categorical level of “Landform”: 1) Gently undulating plain, with little-developed Molisols and numerous lithological discontinuities. The dominant pedogenetic processes correspond to surface melanization and deep carbonation; 2) Slope (0.5 to 1.5%), where more developed Molisols are recognized, in addition to Alfisols, subject to water erosion processes. Pedogenetic processes correspond to melanization, argiluviation, and carbonation; 3) Low plane, where well-developed Vertisols dominate and that had not been documented so far in the cartography available for the Chaco sector. The pedogenetic processes in this unit are melanization, carbonation, argiluviation, vertisolization, and oxide-reduction; and 4) Drainage path, in which, in addition to Vertisols, Alfisols were identified. The dominant processes correspond to oxide-reduction, given by the fluctuation of the layer, whi le in the Alfisols the sodification is added. The study carried out provides a new interpretation of the genesis and distribution of soils in the region. Likewise, the information generated is useful for future semi-detailed surveys in the Santiago sector of the BBSS basin, where agriculture advanced and decision-making is ne cessary to mitigate degradation processes, such as water erosion and salinization.Fil: Vizgarra, Lidia A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Moretti, Lucas M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Dario Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Bressan, Emiliano M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Laghi, Joana D. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentin

White muscle disease in three selenium deficient beef and dairy calves in Argentina and Uruguay

White muscle disease (WMD), nutritional myodegeneration or enzootic muscular dystrophy, is a nutritional condition associated with selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency in ruminants. These elements are constituents of the major body antioxidant systems. Depletion of selenium results in oxidative damage to cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, resulting in myodegeneration and myonecrosis, typical lesions of WMD. Selenium deficiency is common in South America, but WMD is underreported. This research describes clinical, biochemical and pathological findings in two episodes of WMD associated with selenium deficiency in beef and dairy calves in Argentina and Uruguay with concurrent copper deficiency in one of them, which resulted in spontaneous calf mortality. Further studies are necessary to estimate the true incidence and economic impact of clinical and subclinical mineral deficiencies in livestock production systems in the southern cone of South America.Doença do músculo branco (DMB), miodegeneração nutricional ou distrofia muscular enzoótica é uma condição nutricional associada à deficiência de selênio e/ou vitamina E em ruminantes. Esses elementos são constituintes dos principais sistemas antioxidantes do corpo. O esgotamento de selênio resulta em dano oxidativo às células musculares cardíacas e esqueléticas, resultando em miodegeneração e mionecrose, lesões típicas da DMB. A deficiência de selênio é comum na América do Sul, mas a DMB está subnotificada. Este trabalho descreve os achados clínicos, bioquímicos e patológicos em dois surtos de DMB associados à deficiência de selênio em bezerros para carne e leite na Argentina e Uruguai com concomitante deficiência de cobre em um surto, que resultaram em mortalidade espontânea de bezerros. São necessários mais estudos para estimar a verdadeira incidência e impacto econômico das deficiências minerais clínicas e subclínicas nos sistemas de produção pecuária no sul da América do Sul.EEA Cuenca del SaladoFil: Rodriguez, Alejandro Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado; ArgentinaFil: Schild, Carlos Omar. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; UruguayFil: Canton, German Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Riet‐Correa, Franklin. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; UruguayFil: Armendano, Joaquín Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Caffarena, Rubén Dario. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; UruguayFil: Brambilla, Emilio Cesar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: García, Juan Agustín. Universidad de la República. Centro Universitario Regional Este; UruguayFil: Morrell, Eleonora Lidia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Poppenga, Robert. University of California at Davis. School of Veterinary Medicine. California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS). Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Giannitti, Federico. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; Uruguay. University of Minnesota. College of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Population Medicine Department; Estados Unido

Data Acquisition System using a CIAA-Safety

This paper presents the analysis, design, development and implementation of a data acquisition system from various sensors, to be installed and used in different FAA Air Vehicles, through an ARM® Cortex®-R4F CPU microcontroller that meets critical safety standards, such as IEC 61508 , ISO 26262 and DO-178 (at the Software level). The sensors are: a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and atmospheric pressure and temperature sensors. The ARM microcontroller was mounted on a development board called CIAA-Safety and its programming was carried out under the BAREMETAL format, that is, without a Real Time Operating System

Improving Latin American soil information database for digital soil mapping enhances its usability and scalability

Spatial soil databases can help model complex phenomena in which soils are decisive, for example, evaluating agricultural potential or estimating carbon storage capacity. The Soil Information System for Latin America and the Caribbean, SISLAC, is a regional initiative promoted by the FAO's South American Soil Partnership to contribute to the sustainable management of soil. SISLAC includes data coming from 49,084 soil profiles distributed unevenly across the continent, making it the region's largest soil database. However, some problems hinder its usages, such as the quality of the data and its high dimensionality. The objective of this research is twofold. First, to evaluate the quality of SISLAC and its data values and generate a new, improved version that meets the minimum quality requirements to be used by different interests or practical applications. Second, to demonstrate the potential of improved soil profile databases to generate more accurate information on soil properties, by conducting a case study to estimate the spatial variability of the percentage of soil organic carbon using 192 profiles in a 1473 km2 region located in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The findings show that 15 percent of the existing soil profiles had an inaccurate description of the diagnostic horizons. Further correction of an 4.5 additional percent of existing inconsistencies improved overall data quality. The improved database consists of 41,691 profiles and is available for public use at ttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6540710 (Díaz-Guadarrama, S. & Guevara, M., 2022). The updated profiles were segmented using algorithms for quantitative pedology to estimate the spatial variability. We generated segments one centimeter thick along with each soil profile data, then the values of these segments were adjusted using a spline-type function to enhance vertical continuity and reliability. Vertical variability was estimated up to 150 cm in-depth, while ordinary kriging predicts horizontal variability at three depth intervals, 0 to 5, 5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm, at 250 m-spatial resolution, following the standards of the GlobalSoilMap project. Finally, the leave-one-out cross validation provides information for evaluating the kriging model performance, obtaining values for the RMSE index between 1.77% and 1.79% and the R2 index greater than 0.5. The results show the usability of SISLAC database to generate spatial information on soil properties and suggest further efforts to collect a more significant amount of data to guide sustainable soil management.Fil: Diaz Guadamarra, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Agronomía; ColombiaFil: Lizarazo, Iván. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Agronomía; ColombiaFil: Guevara, Mario. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Campus Juriquilla. Centro de Geociencias; MéxicoFil: Guevara, Mario. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Campus Juriquilla. Centro de Geociencias; México. United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Salinity National Laboratory, Estados UnidosFil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Wageningen University. Soil Geography and Landscape Group; Países Bajos. International Soil Reference and Information Centre. World Soil Information; Países BajosFil: Araujo Carrillo, Gustavo A. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA; ColombiaFil: Argeñal, Jainer. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Facultad de Ciencias; Honduras.Fil: Armas, Daphne. Universidad de Almería. Departamento de Agronomía, Edif. CITEIIB, España.Fil: Balsa, Rafael A. Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego. Dirección General de Asuntos Ambientales Agrarios, Perú.Fil: Bolivar, Adriana. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. Subdirección Agrología; ColombiaFil: Bustamante, Nelson. Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero; Chile.Fil: Dart, Ricardo O. Embrapa Solos; BrasilFil: Dell Acqua, Martín. Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca. Dirección General de Recursos Naturales; UruguayFil: Lencina, Arnulfo. Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ParaguayFil: Figueredo, Hernán. Sociedad Boliviana de la Ciencia del Suelo; Bolivia.Fil: Fontes, Fernando. Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca. Dirección General de Recursos Naturales; UruguayFil: Gutierrez Diaz, Joan S. Aarhus University. Faculty of Science and Technology,.Department of Agroecology; DinamarcaFil: Jiménez, Wilmer. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería; Ecuador.Fil: Rodriguez, Dario Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentin