Impact of Climate Change on Cassava Yield in Guapimirim, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil

Global warming has changed the climate in many parts of the world and affected ecosystems due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to the rise in the surface temperature of the planet. Rising temperatures have important effects on agriculture, which accounts for one- third of Brazil's economy. This study assesses the impact of climate change over agriculture on cassava yield in Guapimirim city, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. Bias corrected climate simulation performed from the nested model Eta-HadGEM2-ES was used to reproduce the climate data observed in the region and for climate projections under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Simulated rainfall and evapotranspiration for the period between 1961 and 1990 was compared to the observation period and, showed a correlation with R² = 0.99 and the Average Absolute Percentage Error was less than 5.0%. The effect of climate projections on water stress during crop development was estimated using the Thornthwaite-Mather (TM) soil water balance adapted for crops. Rainfall and actual evapotranspiration projections for the three thirty-year periods 2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100 served as the basis for the assessment of the Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) and Yield Reduction (YR) for cassava crop. Projections show significant cassava yield losses around 8.6 and 9.7 ton ha-1, respectively, under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. This approach allows exploratory analysis applied to support crop management decision-making and irrigation strategies for sustainable agriculture and to increase crop yield in the face of impacts of climate change.

Avaliação de Cenários de Mudanças Climáticas no Planejamento dos Recursos Hídricos do Sistema de Águas da Região Metropolitana Rio de Janeiro e do Baixo Paraíba do Sul

O presente estudo visa a análise do sistema hídrico da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ) e da região do Baixo Paraíba do Sul, que se faz de extrema importância uma vez que a crise hídrica de 2014-2015 evidenciou a questão complexa relacionada à transposição de parcela das águas do rio Paraíba do Sul para o rio Guandu em períodos de estiagem. Além disso, o estudo objetiva a incorporação da análise exploratória de cenários de projeções climáticas no planejamento de longo prazo dos recursos hídricos. O estudo propõe uma análise de vazões provenientes de cenários de projeções climáticas do MHD-INPE (Modelo Hidrológico Distribuído – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), alimentado com os dados simulados de modelos atmosféricos regionais e globais, para três estações localizadas na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul: Santa Cecília, Sobragi e Simplício. Foram estimadas as demandas para o abastecimento humano e as atividades econômicas na transposição para o rio Guandu e no baixo curso do rio Paraíba do Sul. Foi feita uma análise em relação às projeções de oferta provenientes dos modelos e as demandas, a fim de identificar a vulnerabilidade hídrica do sistema. Os cenários de mudanças climáticas analisados neste estudo indicam que o sistema, tanto na RMRJ como no Baixo Paraíba do Sul, apresenta possibilidade de déficit, especialmente em situações de escassez, ou seja, quando as vazões mínimas são analisadas. Conclui-se que a análise de cenários de projeções futuras de oferta de água é fundamental para possibilitar aos gestores a incorporação de propostas, permitindo a identificação das principais incertezas relativas ao sistema e dos potenciais impactos das mudanças climáticas

Use of metal nanoparticles in agriculture. A review on the effects on plant germination

Agricultural nanotechnology has become a powerful tool to help crops and improve agricultural production in the context of a growing world population. However, its application can have some problems with the development of harvests, especially during germination. This review evaluates nanoparticles with essential (Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn) and non-essential (Ag and Ti) elements on plant germination. In general, the effect of nanoparticles depends on several factors (dose, treatment time, application method, type of nanoparticle and plant). In addition, pH and ionic strength are relevant when applying nanoparticles to the soil. In the case of essential element nanoparticles, Fe nanoparticles show better results in improving nutrient uptake, improving germination, and the possibility of magnetic properties could favor their use in the removal of pollutants. In the case of Cu and Zn nanoparticles, they can be beneficial at low concentrations, while their excess presents toxicity and negatively affects germination. About nanoparticles of non-essential elements, both Ti and Ag nanoparticles can be helpful for nutrient uptake. However, their potential effects depend highly on the crop type, particle size and concentration. Overall, nanotechnology in agriculture is still in its early stages of development, and more research is needed to understand potential environmental and public health impacts.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/46-GRCMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID 2021-124497OA-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2022-081Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. IJC 2019-042235-IMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. IJC 2020-044197-IUniversidade de Vigo/CISU

Programa de capacitación para entrenadores deportivos: orientación en fútbol infantil en el club barrial Corazones de El Retiro : Una experiencia como estudiantes y docentes

Este escrito narra la experiencia de tres estudiantes avanzados del Profesorado Universitario en Educación Física a cargo del Programa de capacitación para entrenadores deportivos: orientación en fútbol infantil en el club barrial Corazones de El Retiro que participa en la Asociación Platense de Fútbol Infantil. El enfoque que se propone es de transformación conjunta en el horizonte de lo público, en diálogo con una organización barrial que se encuentran trabajando sobre el tema. Se busca generar instancias de capacitación e intercambio que permitan a los sujetos afianzar y potenciar los saberes en torno al fútbol infantil. La propuesta que podemos llevar a delante con este proyecto tiene en cuenta la imposibilidad de contar con tiempo por parte de los entrenadores (padres e idóneos) para asistir a una capacitación gratuita, como así también la falta de propuestas por parte de otras organizaciones. Por ello, consideramos fundamental reflexionar y debatir acerca de la enseñanza y el mejoramiento de las habilidades del fútbol infantil en contextos de vulnerabilidad social. Este artículo intenta analizar reflexivamente las prácticas deportivas llevadas a cabo en nombrado club y los problemas emergentes en tales prácticas teniendo siempre presente el contexto en donde transcurren las acciones.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Programa de capacitación para entrenadores deportivos: orientación en fútbol infantil en el club barrial Corazones de El Retiro : Una experiencia como estudiantes y docentes

Este escrito narra la experiencia de tres estudiantes avanzados del Profesorado Universitario en Educación Física a cargo del Programa de capacitación para entrenadores deportivos: orientación en fútbol infantil en el club barrial Corazones de El Retiro que participa en la Asociación Platense de Fútbol Infantil. El enfoque que se propone es de transformación conjunta en el horizonte de lo público, en diálogo con una organización barrial que se encuentran trabajando sobre el tema. Se busca generar instancias de capacitación e intercambio que permitan a los sujetos afianzar y potenciar los saberes en torno al fútbol infantil. La propuesta que podemos llevar a delante con este proyecto tiene en cuenta la imposibilidad de contar con tiempo por parte de los entrenadores (padres e idóneos) para asistir a una capacitación gratuita, como así también la falta de propuestas por parte de otras organizaciones. Por ello, consideramos fundamental reflexionar y debatir acerca de la enseñanza y el mejoramiento de las habilidades del fútbol infantil en contextos de vulnerabilidad social. Este artículo intenta analizar reflexivamente las prácticas deportivas llevadas a cabo en nombrado club y los problemas emergentes en tales prácticas teniendo siempre presente el contexto en donde transcurren las acciones.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Composição do índice de vulnerabilidade social urbana de falta de água (SUWSVI) aplicado a São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil

Mining dams within urban areas are a technological risk because, in the event of an accident, they affect water security. For example, a sand mining dam accident caused an interruption in the water supply in the downstream city of São José dos Campos. Thus, the social vulnerability of the population that suffered from a failure in the drinking water supply was evaluated. A water shortage indicator, the Social Urban Water Shortage Vulnerability Index – SUWSVI, was composed. Variables that best reflect the socioeconomic condition were used: Average Income of Head of Household, Female Head of Household, and Children and Elderly Dependent Ratio. The sensitivity analysis considered the city by geographic regions and zoning classes, considering infrastructure supply and lot size. The results showed that although there are full water supply and sewerage infrastructure (99.6%), the access to water was unequal (39% of the population in the medium SUWSVI range).Mining dams within urban areas are a technological risk because, in the event of an accident, they affect water security. For example, a sand mining dam accident caused an interruption in the water supply in the downstream city of São José dos Campos. Thus, the social vulnerability of the population that suffered from a failure in the drinking water supply was evaluated. A water shortage indicator, the Social Urban Water Shortage Vulnerability Index – SUWSVI, was composed. Variables that best reflect the socioeconomic condition were used: Average Income of Head of Household, Female Head of Household, and Children and Elderly Dependent Ratio. The sensitivity analysis considered the city by geographic regions and zoning classes, considering infrastructure supply and lot size. The results showed that although there are full water supply and sewerage infrastructure (99.6%), the access to water was unequal (39% of the population in the medium SUWSVI range).Mining dams within urban areas are a technological risk because, in the event of an accident, they affect water security. For example, a sand mining dam accident caused an interruption in the water supply in the downstream city of São José dos Campos. Thus, the social vulnerability of the population that suffered from a failure in the drinking water supply was evaluated. A water shortage indicator, the Social Urban Water Shortage Vulnerability Index – SUWSVI, was composed. Variables that best reflect the socioeconomic condition were used: Average Income of Head of Household, Female Head of Household, and Children and Elderly Dependent Ratio. The sensitivity analysis considered the city by geographic regions and zoning classes, considering infrastructure supply and lot size. The results showed that although there are full water supply and sewerage infrastructure (99.6%), the access to water was unequal (39% of the population in the medium SUWSVI range).As barragens de mineração em áreas urbanas são riscos tecnológicos porque, em caso de acidente, afetam a segurança da água. Um acidente com uma barragem de mineração de areia causou interrupção no abastecimento de água na cidade de São José dos Campos, a jusante. Com isso, foi avaliada a vulnerabilidade social da população que sofreu com a falha no abastecimento de água potável. Um indicador de escassez de água, o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social Urbana de Falta de Água – SUWSVI, foi composto. Foram utilizadas as variáveis que melhor refletissem a condição socioeconômica: Renda Média do Chefe de Família, Mulher Chefe de Família e Relação de Dependência de Crianças e Idosos. A análise de sensibilidade considerou a cidade por regiões geográficas e classes de zoneamento, que levam em conta a oferta de infraestrutura e o tamanho do lote. Os resultados mostraram que, embora com infraestrutura completa de abastecimento de água e esgoto (99,6%), o acesso à água foi desigual (39% da população na faixa média SUWSVI)

Study of the Raveling Resistance of Porous Asphalt Pavements Used in Sustainable Drainage Systems Affected by Hydrocarbon Spills

Permeable pavements are one of the most commonly-used sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in urban areas for managing stormwater runoff problems. Porous asphalt is widely used in surface layers of permeable pavement systems, where it can suffer from accidental oil spills from vehicles. Oil spills affect bituminous mixes through the solvent action of the hydrocarbons on the bitumen, reducing the raveling resistance of asphalt pavements. In order to assess the raveling resistance in porous asphalt pavements, the Cantabro abrasion test was performed on 200 test samples after applying controlled oil spills. Three different types of binders were used: conventional bitumen, polymer-modified bitumen and special fuel-resistant bitumen. After analyzing the results, it was concluded that the most suitable bitumen to protect against oil leakages is the polymer-modified one, which is far better than the other two types of bitumen tested