Depressão em idosos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Background and Objectives: Depression is a public health problem that affects approximately 154 million people worldwide and its incidence has increased in recent years. Regarding this problem, elderly individuals show a percentage of 15% prevalence for some depressive symptoms, which requires special attention and prevention and care actions for this population. Thus, this study aimed to understand about depression in the elderly, the profile and the process of prevention and treatment of signs and symptoms in national and international literature. Method: This is a systematic review of the literature carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Studies considered for the review were: scientific articles, dissertations and theses in English, Portuguese or Spanish, published between 2010 and 2015, using the key words: depression, elderly and geriatrics. Data collection was carried out using Ursi tool, which includes the evaluation of the study title, main results and conclusions. Results: After searching the databases, 261 studies were identified and, after applying the inclusion criteria, 44 of them were selected; after implementing the abovementioned tool, the final sample comprised 17 articles. The results showed the profile of the elderly affected by depression, types of treatment, arrival at the healthcare service and associated comorbidities. The study also showed the importance of encouraging self-care, encouragement and engagement of elderly individuals and family members into educational activities, training of health professionals and improvement of the health care system as important factors in the care of these individuals. Conclusion: Health professionals who deal with the elderly population should be aware of the signs and symptoms of depression, as well as receive continuing education to meet the demands through effective and high-quality care and encourage non-pharmacological methods of symptom relief and identify in the profile of these elderly individuals, which comorbidities associated with depression are the most common.Justificativa e objetivos: A depressão é um problema de saúde pública, em que cerca de 154 milhões de pessoas são afetadas mundialmente, e os idosos enquadram-se neste contexto com um percentual de 15% de prevalência para algum sintoma depressivo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como a literatura vem abordando as principais causas de depressão nos idosos. Método:Através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada nos meses de janeiro a abril de 2015, em que os dados foram organizados em categorias e analisados através da literatura pertinente. Resultado:Os resultados evidenciaram o principal perfil dos idosos acometidos pela depressão, formas de tratamentos, chegada ao serviço de saúde e comorbidades associadas. A pesquisa também mostrou a importância do estímulo ao autocuidado, ativação e engajamento das pacientes e familiares em atividades educativas, treinamento profissional de saúde e ampliação do sistema como fatores importantes ao cuidado destes usuários. Conclusão:Concluindo-se que os profissionais de saúde que lidam com essa faixa etária devem estar atentos aos sinais e sintomas da depressão, além de estarem constantemente se capacitando para atender as demandas de uma assistência eficaz e de qualidade, estimulando também métodos não farmacológicos de alívio dos sintomas, sabendo identificar o perfil destes idosos e quais as comorbidades associadas a depressão mais comuns

POTENTIAL BRAIN-DEAD ORGAN DONORS: CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NURSING DIAGNOSES

Objective: To identify the nursing diagnoses of potential organ donors in brain death according to the NANDA-I Taxonomy.Method: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted in a public hospital in the interior of Ceará, Brazil. Data collection was realized in October and November 2021 in 23 medical records of potential organ donors. Descriptive statistics analyzed data.Results: Twenty-two diagnoses were identified in five of the 13 domains of the NANDA-I taxonomy. The following were prevalent: risk of unstable blood glucose; risk of impaired liver function; impaired gas exchange; impaired bed mobility; ineffective breathing pattern; risk of infection; risk of pressure injury; risk of aspiration; risk of decreased cardiac output; risk of falls, impaired urinary elimination; risk of electrolyte imbalance and risk of unstable blood pressure.Conclusion: The identification of diagnoses may favor the improvement of practice and the application of the nursing process in the care of potential organ donors

Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Addressed Through the Intraoral and Nasal Access

Background: The Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia is a benign disease, pseudoneoplasic, rare and asymptomatic of slow growth promoting replacement of bone tissue by an amorphous connective tissue, promoting bone deformation that can invade and cause compression of important structures such as the skull base and facial orbital bone. This study aims to present a clinical case of a Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia, emphasizing an alternative of an aesthetic surgical access by an intraoral approach. Case Report: We report the clinical case of patient IMS, 21 years of age with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia presenting deformity of the left facial middle third in orbital, nasal and maxilla region who was submitted to surgery for facial recontouring. The surgical access was intraoral associated with access for rhinoplasty. A lesion scrape was realized for facial recontouring and nasal osteotomy for correction of deviation caused by the injury. Conclusions: It was concluded that the surgical technique associated with the intraoral access with nasal extension is an important tool in addressing these lesions, allowing a large surgical field and satisfactory aesthetic and functional results without facial scars

Nursing diagnosis prevalent in the care of organ donor patients in brain death / Diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao paciente doador de órgãos em morte encefálica

Objective: To investigate, in the literature, the prevalent nursing diagnoses in assistance to potential brain-dead organ donors. Method: This is an integrative review, conducted by the guiding question: What is the scientific evidence about the prevalent nursing diagnoses in assisting brain-dead organ donor patients? The search was performed in LILACS, BDENF, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. Results: The final sample consisted of seven articles that address the prevalent nursing diagnoses in care delivery to brain-dead organ donor patients. Data were organized into two thematic categories: Main diagnoses, pathophysiological changes and defining characteristics, and Knowledge of nursing professionals in the face of brain death for early diagnosis. Conclusion: Assistance to potential donors is essential for the donation to be effected, therefore, nursing diagnoses are the basis for these professionals to plan all assistance.Objetivo: Investigar en la literatura los diagnósticos de enfermería prevalentes en la asistencia a potenciales donantes de órganos con muerte cerebral. Método: Esta es una revisión integradora, realizada por la pregunta guía: ¿Cuál es la evidencia científica sobre los diagnósticos de enfermería prevalentes en la asistencia a pacientes donantes de órganos con muerte cerebral? La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, CINAHL, MEDLINE y Cochrane Library. Resultados: La muestra final constó de siete artículos que abordan los diagnósticos de enfermería prevalentes en la atención a pacientes donantes de órganos con muerte cerebral. Los datos se organizaron en dos categorías temáticas: Diagnósticos principales, cambios fisiopatológicos y características definitorias y Conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la muerte encefálica para el diagnóstico precoz. Conclusión: La asistencia a los posibles donantes es fundamental para que la donación se efectúe, por lo que los diagnósticos de enfermería son la base para que estos profesionales planifiquen toda la asistencia.Objetivo: anvestigar na literatura, os diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao potencial doador de órgãos em morte encefálica. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, conduzida pela questão norteadora: Quais as evidências científicas à cerca dos diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao paciente doador de órgãos em morte encefálica? A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, CINAHL, MEDLINE e Cochrane Library. Resultados: a amostra final foi composta por sete artigos que abordam os diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao paciente doador de órgãos em morte encefálica. Os dados foram organizados em duas categorias temáticas: Principais diagnósticos, alterações fisiopatológicas e características definidoras e Conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem diante da morte encefálica para o diagnóstico precoce. Conclusão: a assistência ao potencial doador é fundamental para a efetivação da doação, logo, os diagnósticos de enfermagem são a base para que esses profissionais planejem toda a assistência.

The Team Of The Family Health Strategy And The Doctrinal Principles Of The Unified Health System: Perceptions And Applicability

Introduction: The SUS, which was guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and regulated by organic laws of health, offers a system governed of doctrinal principles (universality, fairness and completeness) concerning the philosophy of the system and extend the concept of health and the right to it. On the promotion of these principles, the municipalization of health is referred to as a policy of decentralization which incorporates basic health attention, permeated by the principles of the SUS, where inserts in this context the basic health units (UBS) that are entrance doors of the population to the system. When considering that the proposals brought by the family health strategy (FHS) are great potential to restructure the welfare model and the Organization of health services, and these proposals based on the principles governing the SUS, becomes essential, inter alia, that the worker member of this team have involvement and knowledge of the project, as well as on its goals and principles governing it. Objective: Check the knowledge and promotion of doctrinal principles of the SUS by active team of FHS in the town of Juazeiro do Norte in the State of Ceará (CE), Brazil.  Method: This work deals with a transversal nature study exploratory, qualitative approach. The survey was conducted in the family health strategy of the city of Juazeiro do Norte-CE, with top level professionals (physician, nurses and dentists) who work on units during the collection period. The collection was performed through a semi structured interview and the data analyzed by means of the collective subject discourse. This study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the College Lion Sa, having the opinion of approved (nº: 1.067.638).  Results: the results showed that the professionals have demonstrated no knowledge of, nor promote some doctrinal principles of the SUS coherently. The knowledge that they have are fragmented and incipient, and Praxis (theory combined with practice) is still far from being achieved.  Conclusion: The findings of this research show gaps as the promotion of the principles of the SUS by professionals who act. The ineffective knowledge on how SUS is organized and on what basis rests, leads to improper practices, making deployment and consolidation process.   Keywords: Doctrinal Principles of the SUS. Unified health system. The family health strategy

Acute abdomen in a patient with haemophilia A: A case study

Background: Haemophilia A is a hereditary haemorrhagic disorder that can cause bleeding in the intestinal loops and, on rare occasions, simulate an acute surgical abdomen. Careful assessment of coagulation must be performed in these patients, followed by an attempt to correct the dysfunctions. Often, the administration of the deficient factor is sufficient to resolve the problem, avoiding unnecessary surgeries. Case report: We present a male patient, 15-years-old, of indigenous descent, who was a diagnosed with haemophilia A. The young man was admitted with abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa; ultrasonography suggested acute appendicitis. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy that revealed a normal appendix and the presence of a caecal wall haematoma, without other abnormalities. Conclusion: This case describes an unusual instance of decompensation of a patient with haemophilia A that simulated an acute surgical abdomen. The case suggests the need for further evaluation of carriers of coagulopathies, whether acquired or congenital, when they suffer abdominal pain. Otherwise, clinically treatable dysfunctions are prone to surgical treatment, with a potential for increased morbidity and mortality.Â

POTENCIAIS DOADORES DE ÓRGÃOS EM MORTE ENCEFÁLICA: CARACTERIZAÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM

Objetivo: Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem de potenciais doadores de órgãos em morte encefálica segundo a Taxonomia NANDA-I.Método: Estudo observacional, transversal realizado em hospital público no interior do Ceará, Brasil. Coleta de dados nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2021, em 23 prontuários de potenciais doadores de órgãos. Dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva.Resultados: Identificaram-se 22 diferentes diagnósticos, em cinco dos 13 domínios da taxonomia da NANDA-I. Prevaleceram: risco de glicemia instável; risco de função hepática prejudicada; troca de gases prejudicada; mobilidade no leito prejudicada; padrão respiratório ineficaz; risco de infecção; risco de lesão por pressão; risco de aspiração; risco de débito cardíaco diminuído; risco de quedas, eliminação urinária prejudicada; risco de desequilíbrio eletrolítico e risco de pressão arterial instável.Conclusão: A identificação dos diagnósticos poderá favorecer o aprimoramento da prática e a aplicação do processo de enfermagem diante da assistência aos potenciais doadores de órgãos

MÉTODOS DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM SOBRE PRIMEIROS SOCORROS PARA GRADUANDOS DE ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

The aim of this study is to identify, through scientific evidence, the teaching and learning methods used with undergraduate nursing students in the subject of first aid. This is an integrative literature review, carried out by searching for the descriptors DeCs and MeSH, Boolean operators AND and OR using the PVO strategy, to delimit the guiding question: What teaching and learning methods are used with undergraduate nursing students in the discipline of first aid? The inclusion criteria were: original studies, without language restriction, articles published in the last five years, justifying the time frame by the perspective of identifying current teaching methods used by undergraduate nursing courses through the updating of the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Nursing course updated by Resolution No. 573 of January 2018. Excluded were review articles, experience reports, letters, editorials, newspapers, theses, dissertations, monographs, books, studies that did not address a topic relevant to the review study and duplicate studies. The search was carried out in pairs, in April and May 2023, through the CAPES journal portal, in the selected databases: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed®), SciVerse Scopus and Web of Science. Nine studies were included. It was concluded that the first aid teaching methods identified for undergraduate nursing students were active methodologies, with an emphasis on realistic simulations, the use of educational technologies, dialogued lectures, problem-based learning, programs integrating theoretical and practical methods and the use of resources such as videos, conferences, guidance, mannequins and others.El objetivo de este estudio es identificar, a través de la evidencia científica, los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje utilizados con estudiantes universitarios de enfermería en la asignatura de primeros auxilios. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, realizada mediante la búsqueda de los descriptores DeCs y MeSH, operadores booleanos AND y OR utilizando la estrategia PVO, para delimitar la pregunta guía: ¿Qué métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje se utilizan con estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería en la disciplina de primeros auxilios? Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios originales, sin restricciones de idioma, artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años, justificando el plazo por la perspectiva de identificar los métodos de enseñanza actuales utilizados por los cursos de pregrado de enfermería a través de la actualización de las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para el curso de Enfermería actualizadas por la Resolución N º 573 de enero de 2018. Fueron excluidos artículos de revisión, informes de experiencias, cartas, editoriales, periódicos, tesis, disertaciones, monografías, libros, estudios que no abordaban un tema relevante para el estudio de revisión y estudios duplicados. La búsqueda fue realizada en pares, en abril y mayo de 2023, a través del portal de revistas CAPES, en las bases de datos seleccionadas: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed®), SciVerse Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron nueve estudios. Se puede concluir que los métodos de enseñanza identificados para los primeros auxilios para estudiantes de enfermería de pregrado fueron las metodologías activas, con énfasis en simulaciones realistas, el uso de tecnologías educativas, conferencias, aprendizaje basado en problemas, programas que integran métodos teóricos y prácticos y el uso de recursos como vídeos, conferencias, orientación, maniquíes y otros.O estudo tem por objetivo identificar através das evidências científicas métodos de ensino e aprendizagem utilizados com graduandos em Enfermagem na disciplina de primeiros socorros. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio da busca dos descritores DeCs e MeSH, operadores booleanos AND e OR utilizando a estratégia PVO, para delimitar a questão norteadora: Quais os métodos de ensino e aprendizagem utilizados com graduandos em Enfermagem na disciplina de primeiros socorros? Os critérios de inclusão consistiram: estudos originais, sem restrição de idiomas, artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, justificando-se o recorte temporal pela perspectiva de identificar métodos de ensino atuais utilizados pelos cursos de graduação de enfermagem mediante a atualização das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de Enfermagem atualizada pela Resolução Nº 573 de janeiro de 2018. Excluídos, os artigos de revisão, relatos de experiência, cartas, editoriais, jornais, teses, dissertações, monografias, livros, estudos que não abordam temática relevante para o estudo da revisão e estudos duplicados. A busca foi realizada pareada, nos meses de abril e maio de 2023, por meio do portal de periódicos da CAPES, nas bases de dados selecionadas: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed®), SciVerse Scopus e Web of Science. Sendo inclusos nove estudos. Conclui-se que, dos métodos de ensino em primeiros socorros para graduandos de enfermagem identificados, foram as metodologias ativas, com ênfase as simulações realísticas, uso de tecnologias educacionais, aulas expositivas dialogadas, aprendizagem baseada em problemas, programas com integração de métodos teóricos e práticos e utilização de recursos como vídeos, conferências, orientações, manequins e outros

DONANTES POTENCIALES DE ÓRGANOS EN MUERTE CEREBRAL: CARACTERIZACIÓN E IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMERÍA

Objetivo: Identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería de los posibles donantes de órganos en muerte encefálica según la Taxonomía NANDA-I.Método: Estudio observacional, transversal, realizado en un hospital público del interior de Ceará, Brasil. Recogida de datos en octubre y noviembre de 2021, en 23 historias clínicas de posibles donantes de órganos. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas.Resultados: Se identificaron 22 diagnósticos diferentes, en cinco de los 13 dominios de la taxonomía NANDA-I. Predominaron los siguientes: riesgo de glucemia inestable; riesgo de deterioro de la función hepática; deterioro del intercambio gaseoso; deterioro de la movilidad en la cama; patrón respiratorio ineficaz; riesgo de infección; riesgo de lesión por presión; riesgo de aspiración; riesgo de disminución del gasto cardíaco; riesgo de caídas, deterioro de la eliminación urinaria; riesgo de desequilibrio electrolítico y riesgo de tensión arterial inestable.Conclusión: La identificación de diagnósticos puede favorecer la mejora de la práctica y la aplicación del proceso de enfermería en el cuidado de los donantes potenciales de órganos