Identification of non-host resistance genes in wheat to barley yellow rust

Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis West., is an important foliar disease of wheat and barley throughout the world, and the development of resistant cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly method of control. Breeding for resistance to yellow rust has, for decades, been based on the use of race-specific resistance genes, which have shown to be short-lived. Non-host resistance has been studied as a possible source of durable resistance. Two major genes, as well as an undetermined number of minor genes, for non-host resistance to the barley attacking form of yellow rust, P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, have been previously detected in the wheat cultivar ‘Lemhi’. The present study aimed at quantifying and mapping those genes using QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping procedures. For that purpose, an F2 population of 114 individuals resulting from the cross of resistant ‘Lemhi’ with ‘Chinese 166’, a wheat cultivar susceptible to barley yellow rust, was used as the mapping population. QTL effects and significance were estimated by means of interval mapping and MQM mapping procedures. A map for the F2 population was constructed which included 116 DNA markers (14 SSRs and 102 AFLPs). Two major QTLs have been mapped to chromosome arms 1DS (Psh1) and 2BL (Psh2), with significant LOD values. These two QTLs account for 76.7% of the phenotypic variance for resistance to barley yellow rust. Two other QTLs, with a minor effect, were mapped to chromosome arms 5AL (Psh3) and 6AL (Psh4), explaining 5.1% and 10.9% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The QTL on 5A was derived from the susceptible variety, ‘Chinese 166’. In all cases the resistance towards P. striiformis f.sp. hordei was associated with a visual chlorosis/necrosis response typical of race-specific, host resistance

Chronic Ethanol Intake Promotes Double Gluthatione S-transferase/transforming Growth Factor-α-positive Hepatocellular Lesions In Male Wistar Rats

The chronic ethanol intake influence on the gluthatione S-transferase (GST-P) and transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) expression in remodeling/persistent preneoplastic lesions (PNLs) was evaluated in the resistant hepatocyte model. Male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: G1, non-treated, fed water and chow ad libitum; G2, non-treated and pair-fed chow (restricted to match that of G3 group) and a maltodextrin (MD) solution in tap water (matched ethanol-derived calories); G3, fed 5% ethanol in drinking water and chow ad libitum; G4, diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg, body weight) plus 200 parts per million of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) for 3 weeks and pair-fed chow (restricted to match that of G5 group) and an MD solution in tap water (matched ethanol-derived calories); G5, DEN/2-AAF treatment, fed ethanol 5% and chow ad libitum. All animals were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy at week 3 and sacrificed at weeks 12 or 22, respectively. Liver samples were collected for histological analysis or immunohistochemical expression of GST-P, TGF-α and proliferating cell nuclear antigen or zymography for matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9. At the end of ethanol treatment, there was a significant increase in the percentage of liver area occupied by persistent GST-P-positive PNLs, the number of TGF-α-positive PNLs and the development of liver tumors in ethanol-fed and DEN/2-AAF-treated groups (G5 versus G4, P < 0.001). In addition, ethanol feeding led to a significant increase in cell proliferation mainly in remodeling and persistent PNLs with immunoreactivity for TGF-α at week 22 (P < 0.001). Gelatinase activities were not altered by ethanol treatment. The results demonstrated that ethanol enhances the selective growth of PNL with double expression of TGF-α and GST-P markers. © 2008 Japanese Cancer Association.992221228Pöschl, G., Seitz, H.K., Alcohol and cancer (2004) Alcohol Alcohol, 39, pp. 155-165Bofetta, P., Hashibe, M., Alcohol and cancer (2006) Lancet Oncol, 7, pp. 149-156Brown, L.M., Epidemiology of alcohol-associated cancers (2005) Alcohol, 35, pp. 161-168Voight, M.D., Alcohol in hepatocellular cancer (2005) Clin Liver Dis, 9, pp. 151-169Vidal, F., Toda, R., Gutiérrez, C., Influence of chronic alcohol abuse and liver disease on hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (1998) Alcohol, 15, pp. 3-8Lieber, C.S., Abittan, C.S., Pharmacology and metabolism of alcohol, including its metabolics effects and interactions with other drugs (1999) Clin Dermatol, 17, pp. 365-379Bunout, D., Nutritional and metabolic effects of alcoholism: Their relationship with alcoholic liver disease (1999) Nutrition, 15, pp. 583-589Niemellä, O., Distribution of ethanol-induced protein adducts in vivo: Relationship to tissue injury (2001) Free Rad Biol Med, 31, pp. 1533-1538Brooks, T.J., Theruvathu, J.A., DNA adducts from acetaldehyde: Implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis (2005) Alcohol, 35, pp. 187-193Verna, L., Whysner, J., Williams, G.M., N-Nitrosodiethylamine mechanistic data and risk assessment: Bioactivation, DNA-Adduct formation, mutagenicity and tumor initiation (1996) Pharmacol Ther, 71, pp. 57-81Friedman, S.L., Mechanisms of disease: Mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis and therapeutic implication (2004) Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1, pp. 98-105Purohit, V., Brenner, D.A., Mechanisms of alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis: A summary of the Ron Thurman symposium (2006) Hepatology, 43, pp. 872-878Arthur, M.J.P., Fibrogenesis: Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in liver fibrosis (2000) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Phisiol, 279, pp. 245-249Tatsuta, M., Iishi, H., Baba, M., Enhancement by ethyl alcohol experimental hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosomorpholine (1997) Int J Cancer, 71, pp. 1045-1048Karim, M.R., Wanibuchi, H., Wei, M., Morimura, K., Salim, E., Fukushima, S., Enhancing risk of ethanol on MeIQx-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis is accompanied with increased levels of cellular proliferation and oxidative stress (2003) Cancer Lett, 192, pp. 37-47Kushida, M., Wanibuchi, H., Morimura, K., Dose-dependence of promotion of 2-amino-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis by ethanol: Evidence for a threshold (2005) Cancer Sci, 96, pp. 747-757Stickel, F., Schuppan, D., Hahn, E.G., Seitz, H.K., Cocarcinogenic effects of alcohol in hepatocarcinogenesis (2002) Gut, 51, pp. 132-139Croager, E.J., Smith, P.G.J., Yeoh, G.C.T., Ethanol interactions with a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented feeding regime potentiate pre-neoplastic cellular alterations in rat liver (2002) Carcinogenesis, 23, pp. 1685-1693Wanibuchi, H., Wei, M., Karim, R., Existence of no hepatocarcinogenic effect levels of 2-amino-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline with or without coadministration with ethanol (2006) Toxicol Pathol, 34, pp. 232-236Yanagi, S., Yamashita, M., Hiasa, Y., Kamiya, T., Effect of ethanol on hepatocarcinogenesis initiated in rats with 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in the absence of liver injuries (1989) Int J Cancer, 44, pp. 681-684Cho, K.J., Jang, J.J., Effects of carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, and acetaldehyde on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats (1993) Cancer Lett, 70, pp. 33-39Holmberg, B., Ekstrom, T., The effects of long-term oral administration of ethanol on Sprague-Dawley rats - A condensed report (1995) Toxicology, 96, pp. 133-145Solt, D., Farber, E., New principles for the analysis of chemical carcinogenesis (1976) Nature, 263, pp. 701-703Semple-Roberts, E., Hayes, M.A., Armstrong, D., Becker, R.A., Racz, W.J., Farber, E., Alternative methods of selecting hepatocellular nodules resistant to 2-acetylaminefluorene (1987) Int J Cancer, 40, pp. 643-645Tatematsu, M., Nagamine, Y., Farber, E., Redifferentiation as a basis for remodeling of carcinogen-induced hepatocyte nodules to normal appearing liver (1983) Cancer Res, 43, pp. 5049-5058Wood, G.A., Sarma, D.S.R., Archer, M.C., Resistance to the promotion of glutathione S-transferase 7-7-positive liver lesions in Copenhagen rats (1999) Carcinogenesis, 20, pp. 1169-1175Bannasch, P., Zerban, H., Predictive value of hepatic preneoplastic lesions as indicators of carcinogenic response (1992) Mechanism of Carcinogenesis in Risk Identification, pp. 389-427. , In: Vainio H, Magee PN, McGregor DB, McMichal AJ, eds. Lyon: IARC. Sci Publications, no. 116Pinheiro, F., Faria, R.R., de Camargo, J.L., Spinardi-Barbisan, A.L., da Eira, E.F., Barbisan, L.F., Chemoprevention of preneoplastic liver foci development by dietary mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill in the rat (2003) Food Chem Toxicol, 41, pp. 1543-1550Schulte-Hermann, R., Kraupp-Grasl, B., Bursch, W., Gerbracht, U., Timmermann-Trosiener, I., Effects of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens phenobarbital and nafenopin on phenotype and growth of different populations of altered foci in rat liver (1989) Toxicol Pathol, 17, pp. 642-649Levin, S., Bucci, T.J., Cohen, S.M., The nomenclature of cell death: Recommendations of an ad hoc Committee of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists (1999) Toxicol Pathol, 27, pp. 484-490Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding (1976) Anal Biochem, 72, pp. 248-254Bitsch, A., Hadjiolov, N., Klöhn, P.-C., Bergmann, O., Zwwirner-Baier, I., Neumann, H.-G., Dose-response of early effects related to tumor promotion of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2000) Toxicol Sci, 55, pp. 44-51Imai, T., Masui, T., Ichinose, M., Reduction of glutathione S-transferase P-form mRNA expression in remodeling nodules in rat liver revealed by in situ hybridization (1997) Carcinogenesis, 18, pp. 545-551De Miglio, M.R., Simile, M.M., Muroni, M.R., Phenotypic reversion of rat neoplastic liver nodules is under genetic control (2003) Int J Cancer, 105, pp. 70-75Kaufmann, W.K., Zhang, Y., Kaufmann, D.G., Association between expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and progression of hepatocellular foci to neoplasms (1992) Carcinogenesis, 13, pp. 1481-1483Tamano, S., Merlino, G.T., Ward, J.M., Rapid development of hepatic tumors in transforming growth factor alpha transgenic mice associated with increased cell proliferation in precancerous hepatocellular lesions initiated by N-nitrosodiethylamine and promoted by phenobarbital (1994) Carcinogenesis, 15, pp. 1791-1798Burr, A.W., Toole, K., Mathew, J., Hines, J.E., Chapman, C., Burt, A.D., Transforming growth factor-α expression is altered during experimental hepatocarcinogenesis (1996) J Pathol, 179, pp. 276-282Kitano, M., Wada, J., Ariki, Y., Possible tumour development from double positive foci for TGF-alpha and GST-P observed in early stages on rat hepatocarcinogenesis (2006) Cancer Sci, 97, pp. 478-483Sandgren, E.P., Luetteke, N.C., Qiu, T.H., Palmiter, R.D., Brinster, R.L., Lee, D.C., Transforming growth factor alpha dramatically enhances oncogene-induced carcinogenesis in transgenic mouse pancreas and liver (1993) Mol Cell Biol, 13, pp. 320-330Thorgeirsson, S.S., Santoni-Rugiu, E., Transgenic mouse models in carcinogenesis: Interaction of c-myc with transforming growth factor alpha and hepatocyte growth factor in hepatocarcinogenesis (1996) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 42, pp. 43-52Kato, J., Sato, Y., Inui, N., Ethanol induces transforming-growth factor-α expression in hepatocytes, leading to a stimulation of collagen synthesis by hepatic stellate cells (2003) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 27, pp. 58S-63SZerban, H., Radig, S., Kopp-Schneider, A., Bannasch, P., Cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis) in hepatic preneoplasia and neoplasia are closely related to phenotypic cellular diversity and instability (1994) Carcinogenesis, 15, pp. 2467-2473Grasl-Kraupp, B., Ruttkay-Nedecky, B., Müllauer, H., Taper, H., Huber, W., Bursch, W., Schulte-Hermann R Inherent increase of apoptosis in liver tumors: Implications for carcinogenesis and tumor regression (1997) Hepatology, 25, pp. 906-912Tanaka, T., Hirota, Y., Kuriyama, M., Nishiguchi, S., Otani, S., Time course of change in glutathione s-transferase positive foci and ornithine decarboxylase activity after cessation of long-term alcohol administration in rats (2001) Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2, pp. 131-134Mazzantini, R.P., de Conti, A., Moreno, F.S., Persistent and remodeling hepatic preneoplastic lesions present differences in cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as in p53, Bcl-2 and NF-kappaB pathways (2007) J Cell BiochemFoda, H.D., Zucker, S., Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis (2001) Drug Discov Today, 6, pp. 478-482Aye, M.M., Cuiling, M.A., Lin, H., Bower, K.A., Wiggins, R.C., Luo, J., Ethanol-induced in vitro invasion of breast cancer cells. the contribution of MMP-2 by fibroblasts (2004) Int J Cancer, 112, pp. 738-746Ke, Z., Lin, H., Fan, Z., MMP-2 mediates ethanol-induced invasion of mammary epithelial cells over-expressing ErbB2 (2006) Int J Cancer, 119, pp. 8-1

Physical exercise on inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Scientific findings showed that physical exercise is an option for treatment of these patients. This study's objective is to investigate the effects of supervised aerobic and/or resistance physical training on inflammatory markers in subjects with T2DM. Methods. A systematic review was conducted on four databases, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS, and Scopus, and manual search from 21 to 30 November 2016. Randomized clinical trials involving individuals diagnosed with T2DM, who have undergone supervised training protocols, were selected in this study. Results. Eleven studies were included. Studies that evaluated control group versus aerobic exercise reported controversial results about the effectiveness of physical training in modifying C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokine levels. The only variable analyzed by the six studies in comparison to the control group versus resistance exercise was CRP. This protein showed no significant difference between groups. Between the two modes of exercise (aerobic and resistance), only one study demonstrated that aerobic exercise was more effective in reducing CRP. Conclusion. The evidence was insufficient to prove that aerobic or resistance exercise improves systemic levels of inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM

El pulpeo com etanol como alternativa para incrementar la competitividade de fábricas de papel mediante su desarrollo prospectivo integrado a industrias de la caña de azúcar

La industria de la pulpa y el papel para ondular en el contexto internacional y nacional presenta debelidades tecnológicas en su proceso que afectan negativamente al medio ambiente, esto unido a las fuertes regulaciones ambientales que se han impuesto a las industrias de processos químicos obligan a los productores a buscar soluciones para hacer sus processos ambientalmente más eficientes. El proyecto está dirigido a lograr una tecnología ambientalmente compatible y económicamente competitiva de producción de papeles para ondular, para ello se parte de los beneficios que la integración material y energética de los produtos derivados de la caña de azúcar puede lograr

Qualidade De Mudas De Moringa Oleifera Lam. Cultivadas Em Substratos Com Fibra De Coco Verde E Compostos Orgânicos

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a vegetal species with great potential to use as food, medicine and forage as well as water clarifying and decontamination agent, biofuel, among others. Low cost techniques for seedling production using regional residues are useful to introduce this species in low-income communities. This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional responses and growth of moringa seedlings cultivated in substrates with different concentrations of green coconut fiber (GCF) associated to organic compounds (OC). The experiment was performed in randomized blocks. Two organic compounds were tested: the urban waste compost (UWC) and earthworm compost (EC) associated with GCF in various volumetric proportions (OC: GCF): 0: 100; 25:75; 50:50; 75:25 and 100:0%. The data after 51 days of cultivation showed that the increase of the concentration of GCF in relation to the organic compound decreased height, dry biomass, Dickson Quality Index and the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg of the seedlings. There was no difference for these characteristics between the use of UWC and the EC. The substrate with 100% of GCF without complementary fertilizers caused symptoms of N deficiency in the moringa seedlings.63454555

Criação de componente de fôrma industrializada de pilar através de uma plataforma BIM

In the Brazilian industry, few construction companies have very detailed and accurate formwork projects, resulting in waste, lack of planning, and delays. Thereupon, the objective of this paper was to incorporate the precepts of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the industrialized column formwork product, that, because of its complexity, the graphic representation in 2D CAD lacks information and requires a lot of time in its development. It can be said that the most immediate benefits of BIM are the greater efficiency and productivity in the project documentation, which through the parameters, project information is generated automatically and more accurately. The modeling process prioritized the component's performance over its appearance, regarding some national and international manuals and standards. Before the actual modeling, family planning was carried out, then a parametric program was used, so that the nested families, parameters, rules, and links could be inserted into the family editor. The BIM project proved to be effective in terms of its automation and generation of quantitative in the project, however, as it is still a new product in the Brazilian industry, lacking in the attribution of information for 4D planning, maintenance, and logistics.No mercado brasileiro, são poucas as construtoras que possuem um projeto bem detalhado e preciso de fôrmas, resultando em desperdícios, falta de planejamento e atrasos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar os preceitos da Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM) no produto fôrma industrializada de pilar, que devido a sua complexidade, a sua representação gráfica no CAD 2D é carente de informações e requer muito tempo no seu desenvolvimento. Pode-se dizer que os benefícios mais imediatos do BIM é a maior eficiência e produtividade na documentação do projeto, que através dos parâmetros, informações do projeto são geradas de forma automática e mais precisa. O processo de modelagem priorizou o desempenho do componente em vez da sua aparência, tendo como referência alguns manuais e normas nacionais e internacionais. Antes da modelagem propriamente dita, foi realizado um planejamento da família, em seguida, utilizou-se um programa paramétrico, para que se pudesse inserir as famílias aninhadas, parâmetros, regras e vínculos no editor de famílias. O projeto em BIM se mostrou eficaz quanto a sua automatização e geração de quantitativos no projeto, porém, por ser ainda um produto novo no mercado brasileiro, carente quanto a atribuição de informações para planejamento 4D, para manutenção e para logística

Poor disability outcomes in the management of Low Back Pain patients in Portugal

Trabalho apresentado em 10th Interdisciplinary World Congress on Low Back & Pelvic Girdle Pain, 28-31 de outubro 2019, Antuérpia, BélgicaN/

Partial albinism in the pampas deer and a critical analysis about albino Mammals

A case of partial albinism in the pampas deer, recorded at the Emas National Park, Goiás, Brazil is described. The coat color and behaviour of the albino are compared with normal pampas deer.1229123

Stationary quasivariational inequalities with gradient constraint and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions

Publicado em "From particle systems to partial differential equations. Part 2. (Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics, vol. 75). ISBN 978-3-642-54270-1We study existence of solution of stationary uasivariational inequalities with gradient constraint and nonhomogeneous boundary condition of Neumann or Dirichlet type. Through two different approaches, one making use of a fixed point theorem and the other using a process of regularization and penalization, we obtain different sufficient conditions for the existence of solution.(undefined