Socio-economic and environmental characterization of the population of rural communities of chapada do Apodi/RN

This work has for objective to analyze the social, economic and environmental aspects of the population of rural communities of Chapada do Apodi/RN. For that, it was identified with the socioeconomic and environmental profile interviews of the population and, with the existing conflict interaction matrix in the study area. Contacted that the majority of the population have incomplete basic education, develops activities of agriculture and production of honey, providing family income of up to one minimum wage. It was social, economic and environmental conflicts between agribusiness and family agriculture. Therefore, in order to mitigate the problems investigated if necessary to develop environmental management guidelines

Management of water resources in semi-arid: assessment of the drinking water supply in rural communities of Chapada do Apodi-RN

Water is a natural resource, present in metabolic processes of living beings, which has been used for various purposes, especially human consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the system of supply and the quality of water for human consumption in rural communities of Chapada do Apodi, RN. The methodology consisted of identifying and evaluating the supply system as well as the quality of the water from the environmental perception and physical-chemical and biological analyses in water. Electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and Total Residue showed standards required for human consumption according to values ​​presented by current legislation. On the other hand, the results for pH parameters, total coliforms, and coliforms Escherichia coli type termotolerantes showed disagreement in accordance with the laws concerning the limits established for water bodies of water intended for human consumption. The infrastructural conditions of water supply systems, as well as the physical and chemical parameters of untreated water, were considered unsatisfactory

Exposure of free-ranging wild carnivores, horses and domestic dogs to Leptospira spp in the northern Pantanal, Brazil

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease affecting most mammals and is distributed throughout the world. Several species of domestic and wild animals may act as reservoirs for this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of free-ranging wild carnivores, horses and domestic dogs on a private reserve located in the northern Pantanal (Brazil) and the surrounding areas to Leptospira spp from 2002-2006, 75 free-ranging wild carnivores were captured in the Pantanal and serum samples were collected. In addition, samples from 103 domestic dogs and 23 horses in the region were collected. Serum samples were tested for the presence of Leptospira antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test. Thirty-two wild carnivores (42.7%) were considered positive with titres > 100, and 18 domestic dogs (17.5%) and 20 horses (74.1%) were also found to be positive. Our study showed that horses, dogs and several species of free-ranging wild carnivores have been exposed to Leptospira spp in the Pantanal, suggesting that the peculiar characteristics of this biome, such as high temperatures and an extended period of flooding, may favour bacterial persistence and transmission. In this region, wild carnivores and horses seem to be important hosts for the epidemiology of Leptospira species.CNPqSES

Multimorbidity profile of COVID-19 deaths in Portugal during 2020

Background: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and has reached pandemic proportions. Since then, several clinical characteristics have been associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to describe the morbidity profile of COVID-19 deaths in Portugal. Methods: A study was performed including deaths certificated in Portugal with “COVID-19” (ICD-10: U07.1 or U07.2) coded as the underlying cause of death from the National e-Death Certificates Information System between 16 March and 31 December 2020. Comorbidities were derived from ICD-10 codes using the Charlson and Elixhauser indexes. The resident Portuguese population estimates for 2020 were used. Results: The study included 6701 deaths (death rate: 65.1 deaths/100,000 inhabitants), predominantly males (72.1). The male-to-female mortality ratio was 1.1. The male-to-female mortality rate ratio was 1.2; however, within age groups, it varied 5.0–11.4-fold. COVID-19 deaths in Portugal during 2020 occurred mainly in individuals aged 80 years or older, predominantly in public healthcare institutions. Uncomplicated hypertension, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, dementia, and cerebrovascular disease were observed among COVID-19 deceased patients, with prevalences higher than 10%. A high prevalence of zero morbidities was registered using both the Elixhauser and Charlson comorbidities lists (above 40.2%). Nevertheless, high multimorbidity was also identified at the time of COVID-19 death (about 36.5%). Higher multimorbidity levels were observed in men, increasing with age up to 80 years old. Zero-morbidity prevalence and high multimorbidity prevalences varied throughout the year 2020, seemingly more elevated in the mortality waves’ peaks, suggesting variation according to the degree of disease incidence at a given period. Conclusions: This study provides detailed sociodemographic and clinical information on all certificated deaths from COVID-19 in Portugal during 2020, showing complex and extreme levels of morbidity (zero-morbidity vs. high multimorbidity) dynamics during the first year of the pandemic in Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Glyphosate application associated to different concentrations of non-purified residue of biodiesel production

A busca por fontes energéticas renováveis tem estimulado a implantação de unidades de produção de biodiesel no Brasil. Porém, para que o biodiesel seja considerado plenamente sustentável, deve-se encontrar destinos adequados para os resíduos de sua produção, com destaque para a glicerina bruta. Assim sendo, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do herbicida glyphosate no controle de plantas daninhas quando associado a diferentes concentrações de resíduo não purificados da produção de biodiesel. Dois experimentos foram realizados, um em viveiro experimental, utilizando o capim-amargoso (Digitaris insularis) como bioindicador; e outro em campo, avaliando a comunidade natural de plantas daninhas. A adição de resíduo da produção de biodiesel à calda de pulverização não elevou a eficácia do herbicida glyphosate no controle do capim-amargoso. Ainda, foi observada redução na eficácia do glyphosate após adição de resíduo à calda de pulverização em doses iguais ou superiores a 0,6% v/v. Não foram encontrados resultados que justifiquem a adoção de resíduo da produção de biodiesel como adjuvante agrícola. Os pontos positivos observados foram mínimos, sem consistência entre espécies ou momentos de aplicação, permanecendo o glyphosate puro como a melhor opção de aplicação e recomendação.Searching for renewable energy sources has motivated the development of biodiesel production units in Brazil. However, for biodiesel being considered fully sustainable, suitable destinations for its production waste should be found, especially for crude glycerin. Therefore, this work was developed to evaluate glyphosate herbicide efficacy on weed control when combined to different concentrations of non-purified residue of biodiesel production. Two experiments were carried out, one in an experimental plant nursery, using sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) as bioindicator, and another one in field condition, assessing the natural weed community. Adding biodiesel production waste to the spray mix solution has not increased glyphosate efficacy in controlling sourgrass. Furthermore, there was a reduction in glyphosate effectiveness after addition of waste to the spray mix solution at doses equal to or higher than 0.6% v/v. No results were found justifying the adoption of biodiesel production residue as an agricultural adjuvant. Positive points observed were minimal, with no consistency between species or application times, and glyphosate remains as the best application and recommendation option

Glyphosate application associated to non-purified residue of biodiesel production: analysis of different prototypes

O herbicida glyphosate é um defensivo agrícola de grande importância mundial. Neste sentido, diversos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos no intuito de selecionar adjuvantes que elevem a eficácia do produto. Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do herbicida glyphosate quando associado a diferentes protótipos experimentais de adjuvantes agrícolas, elaborados a partir de resíduos não-purificados da produção de biodiesel. Foi utilizado resíduo bruto da produção de biodiesel, bem como sua diluição em água, adição de sulfato de amônio, KOH e/ou óleo de soja. Avaliou-se o controle da corda-de-viola (Ipomoea triloba L.) em viveiro experimental, bem como a infestação de plantas daninhas em condição de campo. Em geral, a presença de protótipos de adjuvante na calda do herbicida glyphosate não resultou em incrementos de controle em nenhuma condição experimental, porém, também não prejudicou a eficácia do produto.Glyphosate is an agricultural pesticide of great importance in the world. In this sense, several studies have been developed in order to select adjuvants which elevate the efficacy of the product. Two experiments were performed with the goal to evaluate the efficacy of the glyphosate herbicide when associated to different experimental prototypes of agricultural adjuvants, elaborated from non-purified residue ofbiodiesel production. Gross residue from the biodiesel production was used, as well as its dilution in water, and addition of ammonium sulfate, KOH and/or soybean oil. Control of morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) was evaluated in experimental plant nursery, as well as the infestation of weeds in the field condition. In general, the presence of adjuvant prototypes in glyphosate herbicide spray did not result in an increase of the control in any experimental condition, as well as, it did not reduce the efficiency of the product

Oficinas Participativas como Ferramentas para a Avaliação de Impacto de Políticas Públicas: o estudo de caso do PIBIC/ICMBio no Brasil

As oficinas participativas são importantes para a avaliação de planos, programas e políticas públicas uma vez que permitem a identificação de uma diversidade de evidências a partir do diálogo entre atores-chave. A partir desta perspectiva, o presente artigo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar o processo de organização e desenvolvimento da oficina participativa realizada no âmbito do processo de avaliação de impacto de 10 anos de implementação do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC/ICMBio) do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) no Brasil. A coleta de informações foi realizada a partir do desenvolvimento da metodologia da observação participante.  No presente estudo de caso, o diálogo estabelecido entre os sujeitos responsáveis pela concepção, gerenciamento e execução do PIBIC/ICMBio remete três pontos principais de reflexão. São eles: i) o apontamento de indicadores representativos, carregados de entendimento técnico, político, social, de conhecimento lógico e epistemológico para a avaliação do Programa; ii) o potencial do Programa como eixo de know-how para apoio à tomada de decisão para ações socioambientais no Brasil; e iii) às potenciais perdas no caso da inexistência futura do PIBIC/ICMBio, especialmente quanto à interrupção da pesquisa aplicada para a gestão e manejo da biodiversidade brasileira.Les ateliers participatifs sont importants pour l'évaluation des plans, programmes et politiques publiques car ils permettent d'identifier une diversité d'évidences basées sur le dialogue entre les acteurs-clés. Dans cette perspective, cet article vise à décrire et analyser le processus d'organisation et de réalisation du l'atelier participatif réalisé dans le cadre du processus d'évaluation d'impact sur 10 ans de la mise en oeuvre du Programme Institutionnelle de Bourses d'études d´initiation scientifique (PIBIC/ICMBio) du Institut Chico Mendes pour la conservation de la Biodiversité (ICMBio) au Brésil. Les informations ont été réunies à partir du développement de la méthodologie d'observation participante. Dans cette étude de cas, le dialogue établi entre les sujets responsables pour la conception, la gestion et l'exécution du PIBIC/ICMBio renvoie à trois principaux points de réflexion. Ce sont: i) la désignation d'indicateurs représentatifs, chargés de connaissances techniques, politiques, sociales, logiques et épistémologiques pour l'évaluation du programme, ii) le potentiel du programme en tant qu'axe de savoir-faire pour soutenir la prise de décision pour les actions sociales et environnementales au Brésil, et iii) les pertes potentielles en cas d'inexistence future du PIBIC/ICMBio, notamment en ce qui concerne l'interruption de la recherche appliquée pour la gestion et la gestion de la biodiversité brésilienne.Los talleres participativos son importantes para la evaluación de los planes, programas y políticas públicas, ya que permiten identificar una diversidad de evidencias a partir del diálogo entre actores claves. Ante esta perspectiva, este artículo tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar el proceso de organización y desarrollo del taller participativo realizado en el marco del proceso de evaluación del impacto de 10 años de implementación del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación Científica (PIBIC/ICMBio) del Instituto Chico Mendes para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (ICMBio) en Brasil. La información se obtuvo a partir del desarrollo de la metodología de la observación participante. En este caso de estudio, el diálogo que se establece entre los sujetos responsables del diseño, gestión y ejecución del PIBIC/ICMBio se refiere a tres grandes puntos de reflexión. Ellos son: i) señalando indicadores representativos, cargados de conocimientos técnicos, políticos, sociales, lógico y epistemológico para la evaluación del Programa, ii) el potencial del Programa como eje de conocimientos técnicos para apoyar la toma de decisiones para acciones sociales y ambientales de Brasil, y iii) las pérdidas potenciales en el caso de la futura inexistencia de PIBIC/ICMBio, especialmente en lo que respecta a la interrupción de la investigación aplicada para el manejo de la biodiversidad brasileña.Participatory workshops are important for the evaluation of plans, programs and public policies since they allow the identification of a diversity of evidence based on the dialogue between key actors. In this perspective, this article aims to describe and analyze the process of organizing and conducting the participatory workshop, carried out under the 10-year impact assessment process of the Institutional Program of Scientific Initiation Scholarship (PIBIC/ICMBio) of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) in Brazil. Data was collected from the development of the methodology of participant observation. In this case study, the dialogue established between the key-actors responsible for the design, management and execution of PIBIC/ICMBio refers to three main points of reflection. They are: i) the appointment of representative indicators, loaded with technical, political, social understanding, logical and epistemological knowledge for the evaluation of the Program; ii) the potential of the program as know-how axis to support decision-making for environmental actions in Brazil; and iii) the potential losses in the case of the future inexistence of PIBIC/ICMBio, especially regarding the interruption of applied research for the management and management of Brazilian biodiversity