Depression, glycemic control and type 2 diabetes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Comorbid depression in diabetes has been suggested as one of the possible causes of an inadequate glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between major depression and the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy T2DM patients were evaluated. They underwent a psychiatric examination using the following instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and Beck Depression Inventory. The diabetes status was assessed in the short-term (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin) clinical control.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The presence of current depression was observed in 18.6% (13/70). In addition, type 2 diabetes patients who displayed depression evidenced higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (8.6 ± 2.0 vs. 7.5 ± 1.8; p = 0.05) when compared to those who did not exhibit a mood disorder.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In our sample, the presence of depression seems to impact on the short-term control of T2DM. The authors discuss the clinical utility of these findings in the usual treatment of diabetes.</p

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on pulmonary function in postmenopausal women following an aquatic exercise program

Objective: This study sought to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation and aquatic exercise on pulmonary function in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: This prospective and controlled study included 104 women (62 +/- 6.5 years) divided into three groups: a control group lacking vitamin D and calcium supplementation which remained sedentary (CGn = 17)a control group receiving vitamin D and calcium supplementation which remained sedentary (CDG, n = 33)and a group that completed aquatic exercises three times a week and received vitamin D and calcium supplementation (DTG, n = 54). Data before and after 6 months of the study were analyzed, including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and calcium concentrations, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), and cirtometry. Results: We observed significant increases in 25(OH) D concentrations in CDG (52.9 +/- 2.4 to 69.1 +/- 2.2nmol/Lp < 0.0001) and DTG groups (55.5 +/- 3 to 71.5 +/- 3 nmol/Lp < 0.0001). PEF increased by 7 +/- 2% (p = 0.0080) in CDG group and 11 +/- 2% (p < 0.0001) in DTG group, whereas FVC increased by 7 +/- 2% (p = 0.0016) in the CDG group and 10 +/- 2% (p < 0.0001) in the DTG group, whereas CG had no changes in any of these parameters. The increment value of cirtometry in DTG group (+ 43 +/- 3%) were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than those in CG (-4 +/- 8%) and CDG (+ 4 +/- 9%) groups. Conclusion: Our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation improves pulmonary function parameters in postmenopausal women.Fapesp (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo)Federal AgencFederal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination - Capes)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Disciplina Endocrinol, Fac Med,Unifesp,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Judas Tadeu, Fisiol Translac, Programa Posgrad Educ Fis & Ciencias Envelhecimen, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Escola Educ Fis & Esporte, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Disciplina Endocrinol, Fac Med,Unifesp,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 08/50179-9Web of Scienc

Solid-state fermentation of plant feedstuff mixture affected the physiological responses of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared at different temperatures and subjected to salinity oscillation

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of plant feedstuff mixture (PFM) pre-treated by solid-state fermentation (SSF) on the physiological responses of European seabass. For that purpose, two diets were formulated to contain: 20% inclusion level of non-fermented plant ingredients mixture (20Mix) and 20Mix fermented by A. niger in SSF conditions (20Mix-SSF). Seabass juveniles (initial body weight: 20.9 ± 3.3 g) were fed the experimental diets, reared at two different temperatures (21 and 26 °C) and subjected to weekly salinity oscillations for six weeks. Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, humoral immune parameters, and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated. A reduction in weight gain, feed intake, and thermal growth coefficient was observed in fish fed the fermented diet (20Mix-SSF). Salinity oscillation led to an increase in weight gain, feed efficiency, daily growth index, and thermal growth coefficient, regardless of dietary treatment. Higher rearing temperatures also increased daily growth index. No dietary effect was observed on digestive enzymes activities, whereas rearing temperature and salinity oscillation modulated digestive enzyme activities. Oxidative stress responses were significantly affected by experimental diets, temperature, and salinity conditions. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities showed an interactive effect. Fish reared at 21 °C showed higher enzymatic activity when fed the 20Mix-SSF. Conversely, fish reared at 26 °C showed higher GPx activity when fed the 20Mix diet. Fish reared at 26 °C showed reduced peroxidase and lysozyme activities, while salinity fluctuation led to increased lysozyme activity and decreased ACH50 activity. ACH50 activity increased in fish fed the 20Mix-SSF. Overall, the dietary inclusion of PFM fermented by A. niger was unable to mitigate the impact of environmental stress on physiological performance in European seabass. In fact, fermented feed caused an inhibition of growth performances and an alteration of some physiological stress indicators.This work was funded by the Ocean3R project (NORT-01-0145-FEDER-000064), supported by the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORT2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement and through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This research was partially supported by national funds through FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O impacto da poliquimioterapia no perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em Juiz de Fora, Brasil

We investigated the impact of multidrug therapy (MDT) on the epidemiological pattern of leprosy in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, from 1978 to 1995. Evaluation of 1,283 medical charts was performed according to the treatment regimen used in two different periods. Following the introduction of MDT in 1987, prevalence of leprosy decreased from 22 patients/10,000 inhabitants to 5.2 patients/10,000 inhabitants in 1995. Incidence rate of leprosy was lower in period II (1987-1995) than in period I (1978-1986). Decreasing prevalence and incidence appear to be related to drug efficacy rather than decreased case identification, since both self-referred and professionally referred treatment increased markedly from period I to period II. For both periods, multibacillary leprosy was the most frequent clinical form of the disease (±68%), and the main infection risk factor identified was household contact. Leprosy is predominantly manifested in adults, but an increase in the number of very old and very young patients was observed in period II. The MDT program has been effective both in combating leprosy and in promoting awareness of the disease.Investigamos o impacto da poliquimioterapia (PQT) no perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em Juiz de Fora, Brasil, de 1978 a 1995. Fizemos uma avaliação de 1.283 prontuários, de acordo com o esquema terapêutico adotado em dois diferentes períodos. Desde a introdução da PQT, em 1987, a prevalência da hanseníase caiu de 22 pacientes/dez mil habitantes para 5,2 pacientes/dez mil habitantes em 1995. A incidência da doença foi menor no período II (1987-1995) em comparação ao período I (1978-1986). A diminuição da prevalência e da incidência está mais relacionada à eficácia das drogas que a uma queda na identificação da infecção, já que tanto a procura espontânea quanto os encaminhamentos aumentaram significativamente do período I para o período II. Em ambos os períodos, a forma clínica mais freqüente foi a multibacilar (±68%), e o contato intradomicilicar foi o maior fator de risco conhecido associado à infecção. Um aumento de pacientes muito velhos ou muito novos foi observado no período II. Os resultados indicam que o esquema PQT tem sido eficaz no combate à hanseníase e tem aumentado a conscientização e o conhecimento da doença

Redução de fratura de maxila em equino por odontossíntese e osteossíntese semi-rígida

O artigo não apresenta resumo

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study of body composition in patients with lipodystrophy

Inst Estadual Diabet & Endocrinol, Metab Unit, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, São Paulo, BrazilDENSSO, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Aspectos moleculares da transmissão sináptica

O Sistema Nervoso Central produz o nosso estado consciente mediante um contínuo fluxo de informações e armazenamento de memórias ao longo da vida, a partir de diferentes estímulos externos. Ao mesmo tempo, controla a concentração dos nossos fluidos internos e o trabalho de músculos e glândulas. A transmissão sináptica é o processo básico de toda esta atividade. Bilhões de neurônios se comunicam entre si via milhares de sinapses, e cada sinapse, por sua vez, é uma estrutura regulada independentemente. A partir desta complexidade, em lugar de caos, surge uma singular ordem na informação processada pelo cérebro. A secreção de neurotransmissores na zona ativa da sinapse é o evento primário da comunicação interneuronal. Este processo é regulado por um tráfego de membranas altamente orquestrado dentro do terminal présináptico. Os neurotransmissores são armazenados em vesículas sinápticas. A despolarização de um terminal nervoso por um potencial de ação resulta na abertura de canais de cálcio, operados por voltagem. O influxo de Ca resultante deflagra a exocitose, que é uma rápida fusão de vesículas com a membrana plasmática, liberando neurotransmissores para a fenda sináptica. A exocitose envolve a junção de proteínas intrínsecas das membranas plasmáticas, vesicular e pré-sináptica, mediante proteínas específicas de ancoragem e fusão na zona ativa (SNARE). Em seguida à liberação, as membranas das vesículas são rapidamente reincorporadas via endocitose e recicladas dentro do terminal sináptico. O terminal é, portanto, uma unidade autônoma que contém todos os elementos requeridos para a exocitose das vesículas, as proteínas responsáveis pela biossíntese do neurotransmissor e recaptação das vesículas. Uma vez liberado, o neurotransmissor difunde através da fenda sináptica e interage com proteínas receptoras na membrana do neurônio póssináptico produzindo, em uma fração de milissegundo, uma permeabilidade intensa e temporária aos íons Na + e K+, provocando a despolarização total de cerca de 100 mV desde um potencial de repouso em torno de -60mV. Isto gera um potencial de ação que se difunde ao longo da membrana do neurônio pós-sináptico, podendo alcançar o seu próprio&nbsp; erminal e deflagrar novo movimento de Ca 2+&nbsp;para o citosol, gerando um novo potencial. Várias proteínas dentro do terminal pós-sináptico estão envolvidas neste processo. É geralmente aceito que os processos de aprendizado e memória resultam de mudanças estruturais e bioquímicas em sinapses específicas que alteram a liberação de neurotransmissores e a ação pós-sináptica. Tais alterações podem ser registradas eletrofisiologicamente como uma potenciação ou depressão de duração longa (LTP ou LTD) ou a combinação de ambas.&nbsp;The Central Nervous System produces our conscious state out of various externa inputs in a continuous stream of information and storing a lifetime of memories, while keeping track of the concentration of our internal fluids and the work of muscles and glands. Synaptic transmission is the key process of all that activity. Billions of neurons communicate with each other via thousands of synapses, each of which is independently regulated. From that complexity, instead of chaos, arises the pristine order of information processed by the brain. The secretion of neurotransmitters at the synaptic active zone is the primary event of interneuronal communication. This process is regulated by a highly orchestrated cycle of membrane trafficking within the presynaptic nerve terminal. Neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles. Depolarization of the nerve terminal by an action potential results in the opening of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. The resulting influx of calcium ions triggers exocytosis which is a rapid fusion of the vesicles with the plasma membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Exocytosis involves the linking of intrinsic membrane proteins of the vesicle and the plasma membranes by specific docking and fusion, the SNARE proteins, at the active zone. The vesicle membranes are rapidly retrieved by endocytosis and the synaptic vesicles recycled within the nerve terminal. The nerve terminal is thus an autonomous unit that contains all elements required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis and proteins responsible for neurotransmitter biosynthesis and vesicular uptake. Once the neurotransmitter have been released, diffuses across the synaptic cleft and combines with receptor molecules in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron producing, in a fraction millisecond, a large transient increased permeability to Na&nbsp;+ and K+ ions, provoking a net depolarization to about 100mV from the resting potential of about&nbsp;-60mV. This generates an action potential which spreads along the surface of the postsynaptic cell membrane which in turn may trigger Ca&nbsp;2+&nbsp;movement to the cytosol in the synaptic terminal to generate a new response. Several proteins inside the post synaptic terminal are involved in this process. It is generally accepted that learning and memory result from structural and biochemical changes in specific synapses which alter neurotransmitter release and post synaptic action. These alterations are perceivable electrophysiologically as a long term potentiation (LTP),long term depression (LTD), or a combination of both.&nbsp

Identification by MALDI-TOF MS of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolated from a subconjunctival infiltrative lesion in an immunocompetent patient

Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dimorphic fungi belonging to the Sporothrix species complex that affects the skin of limbs predominantly, but not exclusively. A rare case of ocular sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent Brazilian patient from the countryside of Rio de Janeiro State is reported. A 68-year-old woman presented with a subconjunctival infiltrative lesion in the right eye with pre-auricular lymphadenopathy of onset 4 months ago that evolved to suppurative nodular lesions on the eyelids. Conjunctival secretion was evaluated by histopathological examination and inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Histopathology showed oval bodies within giant cells and other mononucleated histiocytes. Fungus grown on SDA was identified as Sporothrix sp. by morphological observations. The isolated strain was finally identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) associated with an in-house database enriched with reference Sporothrix complex spectra. The strain presented a MALDI spectrum with the ion peaks of the molecular mass profile of S. brasiliensis. The patient was adequately treated with amphotericin B subsequently replaced by itraconazole. Due to scars left by the suppurative process, the patient presented poor final visual acuity. The present work presents an overview of ocular sporotrichosis and discusses the diagnostic difficulty that can lead to visual sequelae in these cases.Financial support for this work by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro [FAPERJ] (Grants: INST E-26/010.001784/2016; JCNE E-26/203.301/2017), by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq] (Grant Proc. 409227/2016-1). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES). MALDI-TOF MS analyses were partially developed using equipment funded by CONICYT/Chile through the project Fondequip EQM160054 2016. The Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) partially funded this work through the Project DIUFRO PIA19-0001. Furthermore, this study was also supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio