Estructura urbana dual: el modelo compacto y difuso en la Bahía de Banderas, México

La zona metropolitana de la Bahía de Banderas está compuesta por los municipios de Puerto Vallarta (Jalisco) y Bahía de Banderas (Nayarit) en México, destacando su vocación turística. La estructura urbana se compone de dos modelos contrastantes: en Bahía de Banderas es mayoritariamente difuso al ubicarse en una planicie mientras que en Puerto Vallarta es más compacto por su localización en las estribaciones de la sierra. La integración funcional se eslabona a través del litoral costero y las vialidades que conectan los diferentes nodos del sistema. Las mejores condiciones de vida se localizan en el espacio turístico diluyéndose los beneficios en el centro y periferias de las ciudades. Con ello se vislumbra la pertinencia de implementar políticas urbanas de alcance metropolitano que consideren las características de esta estructura urbana dualPeer Reviewe

Key market values for bottled wine in an emerging market: product attributes or business strategy?

This article focuses on the emerging bottled Chilean red wine market and studies the main determinants of the consumer price of wine sold on the domestic market. A hedonic price function was estimated for a sample of 810 wines using a quantile regression (QR) model. The database contains three variables groups to explain price: objective variables (national, international, and vine quality designations), subjective variables (wine score), and business strategies used by wine producers.Postprint (author's final draft

Metabolic Profile of chronic liver disease by NMR spectroscopy of human biopsies

Abstract Among the different processes occurring during the evolution of liver disease, fibrosis has a predominant role. Liver fibrosis mechanisms are fairly constant irrespective of the underlying etiology. Cirrhosis is the end-stage of this reaction. Metabolic profiles, which are affected by many physiological and pathological processes, may provide further insight into the metabolic consequences of this severe liver disease. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the applicability of 1H high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy in the biochemical profile determination of human liver needle biopsy samples for the characterization of metabolic alterations related to the severity of liver disease. We recorded and analyzed HR-MAS spectra of 68 liver tissue samples obtained by needle biopsy from patients with chronic liver disease. Multivariate analysis was applied to these data to obtain discrimination patterns and to reveal relevant metabolites. The metabolic characterization of liver tissue from needle biopsies by HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy provided differential patterns for cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease tissue. Metabolites closely related to the liver metabolism such as some fatty acids, glucose and amino acids show differences between the two groups. Phospholipid precursors, which have been previously correlated with hepatic lesions also show differences. Furthermore, the correlation between histologically assessed liver disease stages and the levels of the most discriminative metabolites show that liver dysfunction is present at the initial stages of chronic hepatic lesions. Overall, this work suggests that the additional information obtained by NMR metabolomics applied to needle biopsies of human liver may be useful for assessing metabolic alterations and liver dysfunction in chronic liver disease

Modelado de uniones atornilladas semirrígidas

El estudio de las uniones en estructuras ha sido considerado a lo largo de los años de forma simplifica como totalmente rígido o articulado. Sin embargo, de un tiempo a esta parte, se han realizado un número importante de estudios sobre las uniones semirrígidas, modelándolas como elementos elásticos, obteniendo curvas que relacionan su rotación con el momento flector generado mediante diferentes modelos: experimentales, analíticos, empíricos… El estudio de estas uniones semirrígidas se asemeja mucho más a las situaciones reales, ya que se consideran giros relativos entre barras, reestructuraciones de esfuerzos en la estructura…pero para que se ajuste lo máximo posible, hay que simular de la forma más exacta posible una unión a cómo va a ser cuando esté realmente construida. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo numérico basado en el método de los elementos finitos, desarrollado con el software por ordenador Abaqus, tomando como base un modelo experimental previo que nos sirva de contraste, comprobándose finalmente que se reproduce correctamente el comportamiento real de la unión. Igualmente, se presenta una base teórica que permite ampliar los conocimientos sobre los diferentes tipos de uniones, como diversos modelos de estudio para uniones semirrígidas desarrollados de manera experimental, empírica, analítica, mecánica y numérica. Finalmente, se establecen una serie de conclusiones a raíz del estudio de las uniones semirrígidas y posibles trabajos futuros para continuar con su investigación. Como ejemplo, se incluyen estructuras reales donde se ha tenido en cuenta esta tipología en la fase de diseño y cálculo

Empowering Electrochemical Biosensing through Nanostructured or Multifunctional Nucleic Acid or Peptide Biomaterials

Electrochemical biosensors continue to evolve at an astonishing pace, consolidating as competitive tools for determining a wide range of targets and relentlessly strengthening their attributes in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity, response time, and antifouling ability, making them suitable for getting a foothold in real-world applications. The design and exploitation of nanostructured or multifunctional nucleic acid or peptide biomaterials is playing a determinant role in these achievements. With the aim of highlighting the potential and opportunities of these biomaterials, this perspective article critically discusses and overviews the electrochemical biosensors reported since 2019 involving nanostructured and multifunctional DNA biomaterials, multifunctional aptamers, modern peptides, and CRISPR/Cas systems. The use of these biomaterials as recognition elements, electrode modifiers (acting as linkers or creating scaffolds with antifouling properties), enzyme substrates, and labeling/carrier agents for signal amplification is discussed through rationally and strategically selected examples, concluding with a personal perspective about the challenges to be faced and future lines of action

Recursos para la Enseñanza de la Alimentación en la Formación Inicial de Maestros (PIMCD, nº 103, convocatoria 2015)

Actualización y mejora de recursos sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Alimentación para la Formación Inicial de Maestros puestos en practica en el desarrollo docente

Bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing are distinguished by type 2 innate lymphoid cells and immune response

Background: Recurrent wheezing (RW) is frequently developed in infants that have suffered bronchiolitis (BCH) during first months of life, but the immune mechanism underlying is not clear. The goal was to analyze the innate immune response that characterizes BCH and RW. Methods: Ninety-eight and seventy hospitalized infants with BCH or RW diagnosis, respectively, were included. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was processed. Cellular pellet was employed to evaluate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) by flow cytometry and mRNA expression assays by semi-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In supernatant, twenty-seven pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors, as well as lipid mediators and nitrites, were evaluated by ELISA and Luminex. Results: Bronchiolitis patients showed higher ILC2 percentage compared with RW (P < .05). Also, ST2+ /ILC2 percentage was higher in the BCH group than in the RW group (P < .01). TLR3, IL33, IFNG, IL10, and FLG mRNA levels were significantly increased in BCH vs RW (P < .05). In supernatant, no significant differences were reached, observing similar levels of parameters linked to vascular damage, monocyte activation, and fibroblast growth. Prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes C4 were evaluated; a significant difference was only found in their ratio. Conclusion: Bronchiolitis is associated with elevated nasal percentage of ILC2. This cellular population could be the key element in the differential immune response between BCH and RW which share some mechanisms such us monocyte activation, vascular damage, and fibroblast repair. Lipid mediators could play a role in the evolution of the disease later in life through innate lymphoid cells.This study has been partially supported by FIS (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria—Spanish Health Research Fund) Grants PI15/00803, FI16/00036, PI15CIII/00028, and FEDER Funds (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional); Alfonso X El Sabio University Grant: VIII Convocatoria Santander‐UAX; and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), a Carlos III Institute of Health Initiative.S

Analysis of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Serum and Lung Tissues from Individuals with Severe Asthma Treated with Oral Glucocorticoids

Biomarker; Individuals with severe asthma; Oral corticosteroidsBiomarcador; Persones amb asma greu; Corticosteroides oralsBiomarcador; Personas con asma grave; Corticosteroides oralesNowadays, microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly used as biomarkers due to their potential contribution to the diagnosis and targeted treatment of a range of diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the miRNA expression profiles in serum and lung tissue from patients with severe asthma treated with oral corticosteroids (OCS) and those without OCS treatment. For this purpose, serum and lung tissue miRNAs of OCS and non-OCS asthmatic individuals were evaluated by miRNAs-Seq, and subsequently miRNA validation was performed using RT-qPCR. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis of deregulated miRNAs was conducted. We observed altered expression by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 11 miRNAs in serum, of which five (hsa-miR-148b-3p, hsa-miR-221-5p, hsa-miR-618, hsa-miR-941, and hsa-miR-769-5p) were validated by RT-qPCR, and three miRNAs in lung tissue (hsa-miR-144-3p, hsa-miR-144-5p, and hsa-miR-451a). The best multivariate logistic regression model to differentiate individuals with severe asthma, treated and untreated with OCS, was to combine the serum miRNAs hsa-miR-221-5p and hsa-miR-769-5p. Expression of hsa-miR-148b-3p and hsa-miR-221-5p correlated with FEV1/FVC (%) and these altered miRNAs act in key signaling pathways for asthma disease and the regulated expression of some genes (FOXO3, PTEN, and MAPK3) involved in these pathways. In conclusion, there are miRNA profiles differentially expressed in OCS-treated individuals with asthma and could be used as biomarkers of OCS treatment.This work was supported by ISCIII—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria—Spanish Health Research Fund) grants PI18/00167, PI21/00896, and FI19/00067; Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); RTC-2017-6501-1 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), a Carlos III Institute of Health Initiative; and FEDER funds (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional)

Jellyfish collagen: A new allergen in the beach

Jellyfish stings are a common event in seas worldwide with an estimated 150 million envenomations annually, usually results in acute cutaneous inflammation but some allergic reactions are also documented.CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, a Carlos III Institute of Health initiative, and the Conchita Rábago Foundation

Preservation of Synchronization Using a Tracy‐Singh Product in the Transformation on Their Linear Matrix

Preservation is related to local asymptotic stability in nonlinear systems by using dynamical systems tools. It is known that a system, which is stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable at origin, through a transformation can remain stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. Some systems permit partition of its nonlinear equation in a linear and nonlinear part. Some authors have stated that such systems preserve their local asymptotic stability through the transformations on their linear part. The preservation of synchronization is a typical application of these types of tools and it is considered an interesting topic by scientific community. This chapter is devoted to extend the methodology of the dynamical systems through a partition in the linear part and the nonlinear part, transforming the linear part using the Tracy-Singh product in the Jacobian matrix. This methodology preserves the structure of signs through the real part of eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamical systems in their equilibrium points. The principal part of this methodology is that it permits to extend the fundamental theorems of the dynamical systems, given a linear transformation. The results allow us to infer the hyperbolicity, the stability and the synchronization of transformed systems of higher dimension