Relato de caso: Síndrome da Hiperestesia em Felino / Case Report: Hyperesthesia Syndrome in a Feline

A síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina é um distúrbio mal compreendido, caracterizado por diversos sinais clínicos, como ondulação da pele sobre os músculos lombares, excesso de autolimpeza, perseguição da cauda, automutilação, agressão e vocalização. Sua etiologia ainda é desconhecida, sendo a síndrome um termo amplo que pode abranger condições dermatológicas (alergia a pulgas, hipersensibilidade), comportamentais (distúrbio compulsivo), ortopédicas (trauma em cauda) e neurológicas (epilepsia primária ou secundária à encefalopatia, tumores cerebrais e doenças espinhais). Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da UFLA, no Setor de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, um felino, SRD, macho, 1 ano e 11 meses, com queixa de comportamento atípico há 4 meses, apresentando tremores de lombar, vocalização e automutilação. Tutora relatou, durante a anamnese, que o animal vivia em casa, sem acesso à rua e sem contactantes. A mesma não correlacionava o surgimento das crises a nenhum fato específico. Ao exame físico geral, o animal demonstrou-se bastante ansioso e estressado e não apresentava alterações dermatológicas (tutora realizava controle de ectoparasitas), nem alterações durante o exame neurológico (estado mental, propriocepção, nervos cranianos, avaliação sensorial e reflexos miotáticos), além disso, não demonstrou dor musculoesquelética, nem deambulação, ao exame ortopédico. Nos exames laboratoriais complementares (hemograma, ureia, creatinina,  FA, ALT e AST) não foram encontradas alterações significativas. Como os sinais clínicos eram compatíveis com a Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina, iniciou-se o tratamento sintomático, levando-se em consideração a hipótese de etiologia comportamental. A primeira prescrição abrangeu recomendações de enriquecimento ambiental e atividades lúdicas com o paciente. Além disso, foi prescrito Amitriptilina 10 mg/mL, a cada 24h, para uso transdérmico.  Passados 30 dias  do início  do tratamento, tutora relatou que não houve melhora das crises, trocando-se, então, a prescrição para Gabapentina 10 mg/ kg, a cada 12h, e Amitriptilina 1mg/kg, a cada 24h. Com este protocolo houve melhora do quadro, porém, com paciente ainda apresentando alguns sintomas. Aumentou-se, então, a frequência de administração da mesma dose da Gabapentina, a cada 8h, mantendo-se a Amitriptilina.  Desta forma,  houve  estabilização do quadro, dentro de 30 dias. Pode-se concluir que, apesar do diagnóstico desta síndrome ser desafiador, por ser pouco conhecida e contemplar exames em diferentes sistemas, a estabilização do quadro foi possível com as medicações e dosagens acima descritas, após os ajustes frequentes das doses e com um tratamento a longo prazo

Multiple Myeloma in a Dog

Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects.Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells. The clinic condition of the referred animal was progressively getting worse and euthanasia was performed. At the dog’s necropsy it was spotted tumor infiltrations on the femur, the humerus and the vertebrae canal. Histopathological exam of the bone marrow revealed diffuse occupation by distinguished plasmacytes, in some áreas reaching around 100% of cell population. Metastases on the primary tumor were found on the liver, kidney and spleen.Discussion: The diagnosis of multiple myeloma in this dog was confirmed by bone marrow histopathological exam. It is confirmed when there is more than 20% of plasmacytes in the examined structure. In this report, certain areas were spotted with 100% occupation of neoplasia cells. On the other hand, the first cytological assess did not reveal any abnormalities, suggesting that the place which received the puncture (aspiration) was not infiltrated by tumor cells. It is described that in the bone marrow may occur grouping of plasmacytes, as it was observed the animal’s necropsy of this report. This aspect point out that the diagnosis cannot be discarded only with a negative cytological exam from the bone marrow; especially if there are clinic, laboratorial and radiographic signs compatible to the illness. The spotted clinic signs by this patient are frequent in dogs with multiple myeloma, as well as the laboratory results, except to the monoclonal gammopathy. Due to a no realization of electrophoresis, this abnormality cannot be confirmed. At the initial assessment of the disease, the radiographic exam is considered golden standard as it was observed in this dog. The radiographic abnormalities were determinant, once they conducted the diagnosis towards the suspected neoplasia. According to current diagnosis criteria, on this present case, the pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria also helped towards the suspicion of multiple myeloma. However, the evaluation of the bone marrow was decisive to the final diagnosis; and a special attention was given to puncture more than one place in the bone marrow, which improved/enhanced the diagnosis possibility in this patient.Keywords: plasma cells, bone marrow, pancytopenia, osteolysis, radiography

Achados ecodopplercardiográficos, eletrocardiográficos, radiográficos e pressão arterial em cães obesos / Doppler echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, radiographic and blood pressure findings in obese dogs

A obesidade em cães é considerada comum na prática veterinária. Nos últimos anos, estima-se que animais acima do peso apresentaram uma significativa elevação quando se diz respeito a animais de companhia, onde os índices de obesidade divulgados chegam a estar entre 24% e 44% nos cães. Diversos estudos vêm mostrando o quanto as alterações no sistema cardiovascular de cães se mostram relacionadas à essa obesidade. Exames como o eletrocardiograma, ecodopplercardiograma e exames radiográficos, tornaram-se técnicas fundamentais no auxílio da identificação das doenças cardíacas em Medicina Veterinária, onde há relatos crescentes dessa patologia, seja ela de origem congênita ou adquirida. Alguns fatores hormonais endócrinos podem causar obesidade e problemas relacionados ao sistema cardíaco dos cães, ocasionando assim mudanças negativas na atividade elétrica, contratilidade do miocárdio, funções sistólica e diastólica e frequência cardíaca. Todas essas mudanças podem ocasionar alterações importantes e de risco para o animal, devendo ser devidamente e minuciosamente avaliada. 

Controle de qualidade e parâmetros microbiológicos em rações comerciais para cães e gatos / Quality control and microbiological parameters in commercial dog and cat food

A qualidade e segurança biológica das rações para cães e gatos abrangem o controle de diferentes segmentos da produção, desde os procedimentos empregados na agricultura para desenvolvimento de plantas saudáveis, a produção industrial, o transporte do produto final até o armazenamento nos pontos de venda e consumo em residências. Além da possibilidade de contaminação microbiana, o crescimento fúngico e as micotoxinas são substâncias que podem acarretar danos aos animais. O fortalecimento do vínculo humano-animal tem impulsionado a preocupação com o bem-estar dos animais de companhia, bem como com a qualidade e segurança dos alimentos destinados aos animais. Há a necessidade de se produzir alimentos com maior prazo de validade, devido às necessidades de produção das fábricas ou mesmo de logística de entrega nos estabelecimentos comerciais, na qual a microbiota fúngica exerce maior influência na conservação das rações. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar parâmetros de segurança microbiológica em rações comerciais

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) beverage spontaneously fermented

  Abstract: Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuberous root with a high phenolic compounds and fibers content which has a prebiotic effect, both important for preventing and/or promoting the reduction of non-communicable chronic diseases risks. However, this root’s shelf life is highly reduced and culminates the reduction of the beneficial to health compounds, which can be avoided by some strategies. In this sense, this work aimed to produce yacon beverages added with anti-browning agents (cysteine or citric acid) and evaluated the spontaneous fermentation during storage. Three yacon beverages have been produced with cysteine or citric acid (0.05% w/w) and a control beverage. Beverages were analyzed by microbiological counts, nutritional composition, physical-chemical characteristics, total phenolic compounds and phenolic acids, for 60 day storage. The data were evaluated by ANOVA and compared using the Duncan test (p≤0.05) or regression models were adjusted. Regarding microorganisms, all beverages have reached 109 CFU.ml-1 after 30 day storage. To the anti-browning agents use, the differences were occasional; however, the citric acid beverage had a desirable pH (< 4.5) for a fermented beverage, which allows inhibition of undesirable bacteria and a higher proportional initial FOS amount and less variation with 30 and 60 day storage. However, the citric acid beverage have presented smaller amount of phenolic compounds like chlorogenic and gallic acids (230.37 ± 168.63 and 40.87 ± 1.32, respectively). So, we conclued that spontaneous fermentation was a preparation technique which has added nutritional and functionals values to the yacon beverage, in special to beverage added citric acid, with a higher proportion of FOS

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Ministério da Saúde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em Genômica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do Câncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and Bárbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluación del flujo sanguíneo periférico mediante ultrasonografía Doppler en perros con diferentes cardiopatías / Rodrigo Bernardes Nogueira; directores, Josefa Fernández del Palacio, Jesús Talavera López.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M. 3561

TONOMETRIA DA ARTÉRIA FEMORAL EM CÃES SAUDÁVEIS E COM DOENÇA VALVAR MITRAL DEGENERATIVA CRÔNICA

Applanation tonometry is a method capable of measuring blood pressure in an artery. In addition to speculation about the reason for the variations in amplitude of femoral pulse waves in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD), in medicine, it has been demonstrated that many symptoms of heart failure in people are attributable to peripheral vascular functional abnormalities, and they are not highly associated with central hemodynamic parameters. Thus, this study aimed to verify the applicability of the vascular tonometry in dogs, to evaluate the pressure measures of the femoral artery in healthy dogs, and compare them with those of dogs with mitral regurgitation due to CDMVD. Moreover, the parameters established for tonometry were correlated with cardiac index obtained by echocardiography. For this, the data were obtained from 10 healthy dogs and 10 dogs with CDMVD with mitral regurgitation on echocardiography. We observed that the pre-conduction period of the femoral pulse wave was significantly lower in CDMVD than in healthy animals. There was a strong correlation between systolic pressure of the femoral artery with determining parameters of cardiac systolic function in healthy animals. The applanation tonometry of the femoral artery was an applicable technique in dogs

Excreção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum em cães saudáveis das cidades de Lavras e Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Com o objetivo de determinar a freqüência de excreção de Cryptosporidium parvum foram coletadas 269 amostras de fezes de cães saudáveis, de áreas urbanas e rurais, dos municípios de Lavras e Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais. A detecção de oocistos foi realizada por um kit de ELISA direto (Alexon - Trend, USA). Do total de amostras analisadas, cinco (1.85%) foram positivas para a excreção de C. parvum. Não houve diferença entre a freqüência de excreção para cães da área urbana e rural

DETERMINAÇÃO DA PRESSÃO VENOSA JUGULAR E CEFÁLICA EM CÃES SAUDÁVEIS

Central venous pressure (CVP) is an important parameter for monitoring in various clinical and experimental situations. In veterinary patients, depending on the clinical or surgical approach, the temperament of the animal and your clinical status, the measurement of PVC cannot be performed properly. Thus, the measurement of the jugular venous pressure (JVP) and/or cephalic (CfVP) may be an method for estimating the systemic venous pressure in animals. Thus, this study aimed to determine and to correlate the measures of the JVP and PVCf obtained of healthy dogs. For this 10 healthy dogs were used. All animals were subjected to physical, hematologic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation. Any kind of sedation or anesthesia was used. The results showed JVP average values between 4 and -2 cm of water and CfPV between 2 and 16 cm of water. No correlation between JVP and the CfPV was found