Transdisciplinarity of vulvovaginal candidiasis from a social-environmental education perspective

Vulvovaginal candidiasis stems from the imbalance between the fungus, woman, and environment. This study aimed to describe the genital infection in an ecological vision to identify the risk factors and socio-environmental prophylactic education measures. This descriptive study employed the qualitative and bibliographical methods used in selected scientific articles. The descriptors used were biomedical model, ecological triad, natural history of the disease, systemic model, vaginal ecosystem, and women's disorders. The holistic approach broadens the knowledge of pathogenesis, characterizes risk factors, and identifies the links in the chain of events where prophylactic measures may be applied

Avanços da cirurgia robótica no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares

Várias cirurgias médicas já utilizaram a tecnologia robótica, tais como: cirurgias no estômago, bexiga, rins, próstata, cérebro e inclusive no coração, o qual proporciona-se a reparação de válvulas cardíacas e até mesmo cirurgias nas artérias. O principal objetivo do presente estudo é discutir por meio da literatura científica acerca dos avanços da cirurgia robótica no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, dos quais, utilizou-se as bases e biblioteca eletrônica Scielo e Periódico Capes, totalizando 5 artigos elegíveis. A cirurgia robótica tem sido um dos principais métodos utilizados em tratamentos cardiovasculares quando comparados com técnicas convencionais, sobretudo, no que diz respeito, a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio

Recombinant vaccines of a CD4+ T-cell epitope promote efficient control of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis burden by restraining primary organ infection.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infectious disease endemic to South America, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides. Currently, there is no effective human vaccine that can be used in prophylactic or therapeutic regimes. We tested the hypothesis that the immunogenicity of the immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope (P10) of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 antigen might be significantly enhanced by using a hepatitis B virus-derived particle (VLP) as an antigen carrier. This chimera was administered to mice as a (His)6-purified protein (rPbT) or a replication-deficient human type 5 adenoviral vector (rAdPbT) in an immunoprophylaxis assay. The highly virulent Pb18 yeast strain was used to challenge our vaccine candidates. Fungal challenge evoked robust P10-specific memory CD4+ T cells secreting protective Th-1 cytokines in most groups of immunized mice. Furthermore, the highest level of fungal burden control was achieved when rAdPbT was inoculated in a homologous prime-boost regimen, with 10-fold less CFU recovering than in non-vaccinated mice. Systemic Pb18 spreading was only prevented when rAdPbT was previously inoculated. In summary, we present here VLP/P10 formulations as vaccine candidates against PCM, some of which have demonstrated for the first time their ability to prevent progression of this pernicious fungal disease, which represents a significant social burden in developing countries

Isolation and identification of Candida species in patients with orogastric cancer: susceptibility to antifungal drugs, attributes of virulence in vitro and immune response phenotype

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-08-18T15:58:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Sousa_Lourimar_Isolation_CPqRR_2016.pdf: 593875 bytes, checksum: 7f4a0472bd52fe2f7856de91d27401ba (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-08-18T16:05:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Sousa_Lourimar_Isolation_CPqRR_2016.pdf: 593875 bytes, checksum: 7f4a0472bd52fe2f7856de91d27401ba (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T16:05:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Sousa_Lourimar_Isolation_CPqRR_2016.pdf: 593875 bytes, checksum: 7f4a0472bd52fe2f7856de91d27401ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratorio de Micologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil/Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Laboratorio de Microbiologia. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratorio de Microbiologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade CEUMA. Laboratorio de Microbiologia. São Luis, MA, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratorio de Microbiologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Hospital Universitario. São Luis, MA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Biomarcadores de Diagnostico e Monitoramento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Laboratorio de Microbiologia. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Laboratorio de Microbiologia Oral e Anaerobica. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Core Experts Oncologia. Governador Valadares, MG, BrasilLaboratorio Alvarenga. Governador Valadares, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratorio de Micologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratorio de Virologia Basica e Aplicada. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Federal Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo. Departamento de Patologia. Laboratorio de Bacteriologia Geral e Clinica. Centro de Ciencias da Saude. Vitória, ES, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratorio de Micologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Background: Because of the inherent immunosuppression of cancer patients opportunistic infections by Candida spp, occur frequently. This study aimed to identify Candida species in the oral mucosa of 59 patients with orogastric cancer (OGC) and to analyze the immunological phenotype of these patients. Methods: The yeasts were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). For all isolates, we performed phospholipases and proteinases assays, in vitro adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungal drugs and determined the cytokine profile by Cytometric Bead Array flow citometry assay. Results: C. albicans was the most prevalent species in OGC patients (51.6 %) and control group (66.7 %). Candida spp. strains isolated from OGC patients exhibited better adherence to BEC (p = 0.05) than did the control group. Phospholipases production by Candida strains from OGC patients was lower (51.6 %) than in the control group (61.9 %). Proteinases were detected in 41.9 % and 4.8 % of the yeasts from OGC patients and control group, respectively. Significant differences were found in the serum of OGC patients compared to the control group for IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17. Conclusions: The results of this work suggest increased virulence of yeasts isolated from OGC patients and, that this may interfere with the immune phenotype

Cytokine quantification in lungs at the 75^th day.

<p>IL12p70 (A), IFN-γ (B), TNF-α (C), IL-10 (D) and IL-4 (E) were quantified in 100 mg of lung homogenates from the different groups of mice. Mock-immunized (MI), PBS/PBS, rCMV/rCMV, P10/P10, rAdPbT/rAdPbT, rAdPbT/rPbT, rPbT/rAdPbT and rPbT/rPbT mice were all intratracheally inoculated with virulent Pb18 yeast cells, while non-infected mice (NI) were intratracheally inoculated with sterile PBS. Data represent the mean of two independent experiments (three animals per experiment). ***(<i>p</i><0,001), **(<i>p</i><0,01) and *(<i>p</i><0,05) were considered to be significant.</p

Cytokine quantification in lungs at the 105^th day.

<p>IL12p70 (A), IFN-γ (B), TNF-α (C), IL-10 (D) and IL-4 (E) were quantified from 100 mg of lung homogenate. Mock-immunized (MI), PBS/PBS, rCMV/rCMV, P10/P10, rAdPbT/rAdPbT, rAdPbT/rPbT, rPbT/rAdPbT and rPbT/rPbT were groups intratracheally inoculated with virulent Pb18 yeast cells, while non-infected mice (NI) were intratracheally inoculated with sterile PBS. Data represent the mean of two independent experiments (three animals per experiment). ***(<i>p</i><0,001), **(<i>p</i><0,01) and *(<i>p</i><0,05) were considered to be significant.</p

Fungal burden measurement.

<p>Plots representing the numbers of colony-forming units detected per gram of tissue at the 75^th and the 105^th days, as indicated, in different organs. (A and B) lungs; (C) livers; (D) spleens. All groups were intratracheally inoculated with virulent Pb18 yeast. Data represent the mean of two independent experiments (six animals per experiment). ***(<i>p</i><0,001), **(<i>p</i><0,01), *(<i>p</i><0,05) and # (<i>p</i><0,0001) were considered to be significant.</p

Scheme of murine immunization protocols used to test paracoccidioidomycosis prophylaxis.

<p>Mice were immunized subcutaneously with proteins or viruses as indicated (homologous or heterologous prime-boost protocols), and further challenged by intratracheal inoculation of Pb18 yeast cells. At the times indicated mice were sacrificed to evaluate tissue injuries, fungal burden, inflammatory responses, and humoral and/or cellular immune responses. rAdPbT is a recombinant adenovirus expressing a VLP/P10 chimera; rPbT is a purified recombinant VLP/P10 protein chimera; P10 is a synthetic peptide; rCMV is a purified recombinant VLP/pp89 protein chimera used as control; mock-immunized mice were challenged with Pb18 strain but previously non-immunized; PBS indicates phosphate buffered saline emulsified in adjuvant as control (non-immunized).</p

Memory CD4⁺ T lymphocytes recalled by <i>P</i>. <i>brasiliensis</i> infection.

<p>Central (TCM) and effector (TEM) phenotyping were evaluated at the 105^th experimentation day (75 days after the last immunization) in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes region (CD3⁺CD4⁺) using anti-CD44 and anti-CD62L surface marking, according to the staining controls for negative and positive populations (A). TCM and TEM phenotypes were evidenced in CD3⁺CD4⁺CD44^HIGHCD62L^HIGH (filled bars) and in CD3⁺CD4⁺CD44^HIGHCD62L^LOW (open bars) regions, respectively (B), as well as the percentages of these cells were calculated (C). Mock-immunized (MI), PBS/PBS, rCMV/rCMV, P10/P10, rAdPbT/rAdPbT, rAdPbT/rPbT, rPbT/rAdPbT and rPbT/rPbT were groups intratracheally inoculated by virulent Pb18 yeast. Data represent the mean of two independent experiments (three animals per experiment). *** or ### (<i>p</i><0,001), ** or ## (<i>p</i><0,01) and * or # (<i>p</i><0,05) were considered to be significant.</p