Almacenamiento de energía térmica por calor latente: desde la opacidad a la translucidez.

Comunicación relacionada con la metodología y resultados de la investigaciones numéricas y experimentales relacionados con diversas aplicaciones con almacenamiento de energía térmica por calor latente. Los trabajo presentados incluyen aplicaciones opacas al interior de los recintos y aplicaciones traslúcidas en la envolvente de los edificios

Energy efficiency evaluation of zero energy houses

Given the global energy and environmental situation, the European Union has been issuing directives with increasingly demanding requirements in term of the energy efficiency in buildings. The international competition of sustainable houses, Solar Decathlon Europe (SDE), is aligned with these European objectives. SDE houses are low energy solar buildings that must reach the near to zero energy houses’ goal. In the 2012 edition, in order to emphasize its significance, the Energy Efficiency Contest was added. SDE houses’ interior comfort, functioning and energy performance is monitored. The monitoring data can give an idea about the efficiency of the houses. However, a jury comprised by international experts is responsible for carrying out the houses energy efficiency evaluation. Passive strategies and houses services are analyzed. Additionally, the jury's assessment has been compared with the behavior of the houses during the monitoring period. Comparative studies make emphasis on the energy aspects, houses functioning and their interior comfort. Conclusions include thoughts related with the evaluation process, the results of the comparative studies and suggestions for the next competitions

Performance of passive application of PCM in Spain

Contemporary construction systems tend to be thinner, lighter and better insulated than ever, but usually lack thermal mass. In order to improve the indoor temperature and reduce the energy consumption in the lightweight building it is necessary to add thermal energy storage capacity to the construction elements. Phase change materials (PCM) have high a heat of fusion so they can absorb a lot of thermal energy before melting or solidifying without adding physical mass. The stored energy can be released later when it is necessary. The main purpose of this study is to quantify the effectiveness of PCMs as interior temperature stabilizers in the Spanish construction. Another goal was to identify the influence of the windows sizes and their shading factor in a PCM´s passive application, and find out the most convenient combinations. A comparative study has been made, simulating a Test Room, with and without PCM, to predict the annual interior temperature behavior in each case. The thermal performance of the test rooms was evaluated on an hour to hour basis, in several Spanish climate zones with diverse combinations of facade glazing ratio and window shadow factors (Fs). The results indicate that the addition of PCM to building partitions help to maintain the interior thermal comfort, reducing the high and low temperature peaks in all Spanish climates studied. The PCM thermal stabilizing capacity is more noticeable in summer. However, the Test Room in the warmer climate falls behind in the overall results. The PCM passive application has demonstrated to help to maintain a uniform interior temperature and to save energy, but its use is not a cost effective solution for all the cases in the study. This study helps to identify when, and where, the use of this PCM application should be more appropriate

Passive design strategies and performance of Net Energy Plus Houses

The first step in order to comply with the European Union goals of Near to Zero Energy Buildings is to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. Most of the building consumption is related to the use of active systems to maintain the interior comfort. Passive design strategies contribute to improve the interior comfort conditions, increasing the energy efficiency in buildings and reducing their energy consumption. In this work, an analysis of the passive strategies used in Net Energy Plus Houses has been made. The participating houses of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 competition were used as case studies. The passive design strategies of these houses were compared with the annual simulations, and the competition monitored data, especially during the Passive Monitored Period. The analysis included the thermal properties of the building envelope, geometric parameters, ratios and others passive solutions such as Thermal Energy Storage systems, evaporative cooling, night ventilation, solar gains and night sky radiation cooling. The results reflect the impact of passive design strategies on the houses' comfort and efficiency, as well as their influence in helping to achieve the Zero Energy Buildings category

Experiences and methodology in a multidisciplinary energy and architecture competition: Solar Decathlon Europe 2012

Solar Decathlon Europe is an international competition among universities which promotes interdisciplinary learning in engineering and architecture. Students from different disciplines participate in teams guided by several professors during a 29 month preparation period plus five weeks of on-site contest. The educational project involves designing, building and testing a solar energy house connected to the electrical grid with the strategy of maximizing self-consumption, supported by bioclimatic technologies and maintaining a low environmental footprint. It culminates in a on-site contest in which teams must assembly the house themselves, test it with ordinary real life tasks and finally disassembly it. The event has also a divulgative aim, trying to make students and visitors get interested in discovering the problems presented by real engineering and architecture applications. In addition, SDE covers R&D aspects in different fields such as energy efficiency, solar energy and bioclimatic architecture. This article presents the methodology followed during the SDE 2012 edition, in which more than 850 students participated. The obtained results show that the educational competition was a success according to the technical and professional ambitions of the students, most of them considering that their knowledge had increased in areas related to technical and multidisciplinary aspects

Hiperqueratosis friccional asociada al consumo excesivo de caramelos y chicles

El diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones hiperqueratósicas e128 de la cavidad oral incluye entidades clínicas muy diversas, desde las causadas por agentes físicos o químicos, hasta las de origen autoinmune y la patología cancerosa y precancerosa. Se presenta un caso clínico de una mujer de 21 años, estudiante de odontología, que acude a consulta de Patología Médica por padecer unas lesiones de aspecto blanquecino en mucosa yugal derecha, paladar duro y lengua. En mucosa yugal izquierda, se apreciaba una lesión incipiente. Además refería episodios de adormecimiento del hemilado facial derecho, incluyendo el labio inferior del mismo lado. No presentaba antecedentes personales ni familiares de interés, salvo el hábito de ingerir 1 paquete de chicles y/o caramelos diarios. Se realizaron 2 biopsias incisionales, de paladar y mucosa yugal. El resultado anatomopatológico definitivo fue de Hiperqueratosis Friccional. Recomendamos a la paciente que dejara de ingerir chicles y caramelos, y se procedió a la exodoncia de los cordales superiores, que se relacionaban con la zona distal de las lesiones de ambas mucosas yugales. Las lesiones remitieron por completo y la paciente no ha vuelto a padecer ningún episodio similar hasta la actualidad.Sin financiaciónNo data (2009)UE