Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide

12 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 49 referencia.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01646-z .- Full-text access to a view-only version (Acceso a texto completo de sólo lectura en este enlace) https://rdcu.be/c8vZiUrban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services.This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by BES Grant Agreement No. LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D-B., P.G-P., J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.D.-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. was also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. J.P.V. thanks the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and Banaras Hindu Univeristy-IoE (6031)-incentive grant for financial assistance for research in plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome. J.D. and A. Rodríguez acknowledge support from the FCT (2020.03670.CEECIND and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC).Peer reviewe

The effect of tree decline over soil water content largely controls soil respiration dynamics in a Mediterranean woodland

As drought-induced tree defoliation and mortality (i.e. tree decline) in the Mediterranean is expected to worsen with ongoing climate change, it is of paramount importance to understand how, why, and when tree decline affects soil respiration (Rs). We carried out a novel study exploring the interacting effects of climatic variability (i.e. season and year) and tree decline on soil water content (SWC), soil temperature (Tsoil), and Rs temporal variability in a Mediterranean holm oak woodland. The study further explores the effects of tree decline on the main controls of Rs at the stand scale (i.e. plant variables, SWC, Tsoil, and soil physicochemical variables). We monitored Rs, Tsoil, and SWC under the canopy of 30 holm oak trees with different defoliation degrees (healthy, affected, and dead) during two years of contrasting precipitation patterns. We estimated different plant structural variables (e.g. height, canopy diameter) on those selected trees under whose canopies we also collected soil samples to analyze different soil physicochemical variables. Our study provides, up to our knowledge, the first observational (i.e. in situ) evidence that tree decline might decrease the positive response of Rs to increased precipitation and drying-rewetting cycles. It also suggests that tree decline can significantly increase SWC and decrease Rs but largely depending on the declining stage, the year, and the season. Finally, tree decline affected the relative importance of the different drivers of Rs, with both SWC and Tsoil gaining importance as trees defoliate and die. Altogether, our results point towards a negative impact of drought-induced tree decline on soil carbon (C) content and cycling, particularly under forecasted climate change scenarios with dryer and more intense precipitation regimes.This research was supported by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in the JAE-doc modality co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF), the ATLANTIS (PID2020–113244GB-C21) projects funded by the Spanish Government, the Basque Government through the BERC 2022–2025 program, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the BC3 María de Maeztu excellence accreditation (MDM-2017–0714). J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from the FCT (2020.03670.CEECIND and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE, and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC).With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence" accreditation MDM-2017–0714.Peer reviewe

Different Cerrado Ecotypes Show Contrasting Soil Microbial Properties, Functioning Rates, and Sensitivity to Changing Water Regimes

15 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 2 tablas.- referenciasSoil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.Acknowledge support from the FCT (IF/00950/2014 and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the acknowledge support from the FCT (IF/00950/2014 and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE, and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2020) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). M.D-B. acknowledges support from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 under REA Grant agreement no. 702057 (CLIMIFUN) and the BES Grant agreement n° LRA17\1193 (MUSGONET). The authors declare no conflict of interest., FSE, UE, and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2020) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). M.D-B. acknowledges support from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 under REA Grant agreement no. 702057 (CLIMIFUN) and the BES Grant agreement n° LRA17\1193 (MUSGONET). The authors declare no conflict of interest.Peer reviewe

Red de observación de decaimiento del encinar

Web temática.-- Propósito: divulgativo.-- Estado del proyecto: activo.-- Fecha de la consulta: 14-01-2021..Contiene una app para dispositivos móviles.[ES] La Red de observación de decaimiento del encinar se engloba dentro de las actividades del proyecto VEroNICA (Vulnerability of Mediterranean Holm-Oak forests to Climate Change: Mechanisms and impact of historical management on ecosystem services). VEroNICA abordará las causas y mecanismos causantes de la pérdida de salud de encinares peninsulares. El estudio, además, permitirá valorar el efecto del manejo histórico sobre la vulnerabilidad de los encinares a las sequías y evaluará el efecto del decaimiento sobre servicios ecosistémicos clave asociados.[PT] A rede de observação dos azinhais está incluída nas actividades do projecto VEroNICA (Vulnerability of Mediterranean Holm-Oak forests to Climate Change: Mechanisms and impact of historical management on ecosystem services). VEroNICA abordará as causas e os mecanismos subjacentes à perda de vigor das azinheiras da Península Ibérica. O estudo também permitirá avaliar o efeito do uso do solo histórico na vulnerabilidade da azinheira à seca, e o efeito do seu declínio nos principais serviços de ecossistemas associados.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ;CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesHome.-- ¿Qué es el decaimiento forestal?.-- ¿Cómo puedes ayudar?.-- Resultados observados.-- Sobre nosotros.-- ContactPeer reviewe