Intercalation and dynamics of hydrated Fe2+ in the vermiculites from Santa Olalla and Ojén

Although the intercalation of Fe3+ into layered phyllosicilicates-especially into smectites-attracted much attention in the past two decades, the information about Fe2+ loaded phyllosilicates is sparse. Here we present an investigation of the Fe2+ exchanged vermiculites from Santa Olalla and Ojén (Andalusia, Spain) by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The room temperature Mössbauer spectra are very similar to those of the starting compounds (Na forms) except for a decrease of the contribution of structural Fe3+ and a concomitant increase of the contribution of Fe2+ sites, indicating an internal redox process. The extent of this redox reaction is different for the two vermiculites. Thus, the intercalated Fe2+ acts as an electron mediator from the external medium to the structural Fe3+ ions. A new component attributable to intercalated Fe2+ is practically invisible in the room temperature Mössbauer spectra, but increases strongly and continuously during cooling to 4.2 K, where it is the dominant feature of the Mössbauer patterns. At 4.2 K, its quadruple splitting amounts to 3.31 mm/s, which is in excellent agreement with the quadrupole slitting of Fe2+ coordinated to six water molecules in a highly symmetric octahedral arrangement. The strong decrease of the Mössbauer-Lamb factor of this component with increasing temperature indicates a weak bonding of the Fe 2+ in the interlayer space

Frequency doubling of femtosecond pulses in walk-off compensated npp

Summary form only given. N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-prolinol (NPP) is an organic molecular crystal developped by molecular engineering, that exhibits one of the highest phase-matchable second-order susceptibilities reported so far in the near-infrared spectral range (d/sub eff//spl ap/56 pm/V). However, the large spatial and temporal walk-off existing in NPP can limit severely the usefulness of the material away from the noncritical phase-matching (ncpm) wavelength and for shorter pulses. Here we show that subpicosecond pulses can be efficiently frequency-doubled and mixed in NPP with moderate pump intensities, by employing tilted pulse techniques. These techniques make use of the large Poynting vector walk-off exhibited by NPP crystals outside the ncpm. Such techniques are based on the diffraction of the input pump wave by a grating so that each spectral component is dispersed in a different direction, thus the resulting signal is a tilted pulse.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Mirador Comedor Emergente

74 p.Mirador Comedor Emergente es un proyecto de Ctulo de la Escuela de arquitectura de la Universidad de Talca que trata de un comedor de temporeros para un predio agrícola de viñas y manzanos llamado Gajardo & Compañía, ubicado en el kilómetro 3 de la ruta J-- 665, del Camino El Maitén, Los Niches, Curicó. El comedor busca satisfacer una necesidad actual del campo, en donde los trabajadores actualmente almuerzan en el piso. Para ello se desarrolla este proyecto en busca de satisfacer a actual necesidad de los 15 trabajadores que trabajan las faenas de cosecha y vendimia del predio. Entonces, el principal objetivo del proyecto es lograr un buen comer, y solucionar la actual necesidad. Se busca lograr que los usuarios , mediante la obra logren reconocer el paisaje en donde se desempeñan desde otro punto lograr en cierta medida que escapen de la sensación de trabajo llegada al suelo que logren mediante el proyecto emerger por sobre el paisaje llegando así a un nuevo recon0cimiento del mismo. La obra fue concebida en base a materiales de deshecho reales, madera de bins de deshecho, retazos de alambre reciclado de replantaciones de parrones rocas sobrantes de procesos de defensas fluviales, y malla desechada de packins vecinos. El proyecto no se busca mas que satisfacer la necesidad de un buen comedor a través de la arquitectura y los medios contractivos utilizados por el campesin

Predicción de rendimiento y endogamia de sintéticos de maíz generados con líneas y cruzas simples : probabilidad clásica

reduce costs and labor associated with predicting the genotypic mean (GM) of a synthetic variety (SV) of maize (Zea mays L.), breeders can develop SVs from L lines and s single crosses (SynL,SC) instead of L+2s lines (SynL). The objective of this work was to derive and study formulae for the inbreeding coefficient (IC) and GM of SynL,SC, SynL, and the SV derived from (L+2s)/2 single crosses (SynSC). All SVs were derived from the same L+2s unrelated lines whose IC is FL, and each parent of a SV was represented by m plants. An a priori probability equation for the IC was used. Important results were: 1) the largest and smallest GMs correspond to SynL and SynL,SC, respectively; 2) the GM predictors with the largest and intermediate precision are those for SynL and SynL,SC, respectively; 3) only when FL=1, or m is large, SynL and SynSC are the same population, but only with SynSC prediction costs and labor undergo the maximum decrease, although its prediction precision is the lowest. To determine the SV to be developed, breeders should also consider the availability of lines, single crosses, manpower and land area; besides budget, target farmers, target environments, etc.Para reducir costos y trabajo para predecir la media genotípica (GM) de una variedad sintética (SV) de maíz (Zea mays L.), se puede desarrollar SVs con L líneas y s cruzas simples (SynL,SC) en lugar de L+2s líneas (SynL). El objetivo de este trabajo fue derivar y estudiar fórmulas para el coeficiente de endogamia (IC) y la GM del SynL,SC, SynL y de la SV derivada con (L+2s)/2 cruzas simples (SynSC). Las SVs fueron generadas con las mismas L+2s líneas no emparentadas, con IC igual a FL. Cada progenitor se representó por m plantas. Se usó el concepto de probabilidad a priori para derivar fórmulas para IC. Resultados importantes fueron: 1) las GMs mayor y menor corresponden a SynL y SynL,SC, respectivamente, 2) la mayor mayor e intermedia precisiones para estimar GM, respectivamente, se obtienen con SynL y SynSC, y 3) solo cuando FL=1 o m es grande, SynL y SynSC son la misma población, pero SynSC, requiere menos trabajo y costos para la predicción aunque esta es menor. Para determinar qué SV desarrollar, se debe considerar también la disponibilidad de líneas, cruzas simples, mano de obra y área experimental; además de presupuesto, y ambientes y usuarios potenciales, etc.Fil: Sahagún-Castellanos, Jaime. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan E.. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Escalante-González, José L.. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México

Paisaje de Cañas Lo Figueroa. La armonía entre el paisaje natural y el construido

43 p

Propiedades de las rocas volcánicas de Canarias (España) utilizadas como material de escollera

In the Canary Islands, there is a wide spectrum of volcanic rocks with different properties to be used in public works. The aim of this study is to analyse the physical-mechanical properties of all the volcanic rocks present in the Canary Island archipelago in order to determine their suitability for use in maritime construction works. The great variety of volcanic rocks present on the islands have been grouped into lithotypes based on similar geo-mechanical behaviour. The laboratory test results obtained for these lithotypes establish their suitability or not to be used as breakwater material in accordance with Spanish regulations.En el archipiélago canario existe un amplio espectro de rocas volcánicas con diferentes propiedades para ser utilizadas en obras públicas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las propiedades físico-mecánicas de todas las rocas volcánicas presentes en el archipiélago canario con el fin de determinar su idoneidad para ser utilizadas en obras de construcción marítima. La gran variedad de rocas volcánicas presentes en las islas, se han agrupado en litotipos basados en un comportamiento geomecánico similar. Los resultados de los ensayos de laboratorio obtenidos para estos litotipos establecen su idoneidad o no para ser utilizados como material de escollera de acuerdo con la normativa española

Psoriatic Animal Models Developed for the Study of the Disease

Psoriasis is a skin disease mainly developed in humans, although it is also seen in monkeys and dogs. Animal models with psoriasis-like lesions have been a key factor for its understanding. Xenotransplants of human psoriatic skin in immunodeficient mice were the first approach for the association of immunologic problems with the development of psoriasis and have been also useful for the evaluation on new therapeutic agents. Imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis is nowadays one of the most used animal models to study this disease, perhaps because healthy wild-type mice are used, which means that it is an affordable model, easy to generate, and, more importantly, resembles the inflammatory, angiogenic and hyperproliferative characteristics of human psoriasis. Several transgenic (over-expressing VEGF, Tie2, TGFβ, STAT3, IL-36, PPARβ/γ) and knockout (lacking IκBα, JunB, IFNR-2, IL-36RA, CD18, IKK2) mice have been useful for the association of specific molecules for the development of psoriasis. Other approach has been the use of both transgenic/knockout mice and imiquimod treatment, where the importance of βTrCP, IκBζ, IL-35 and Tnip1 for the development of psoriasis was found. In this chapter, some of these animal models are discussed

Predicción de rendimiento y endogamia de sintéticos de maíz generados con líneas y cruzas simples. Probabilidad clásica

Reduce costs and labor associated with predicting the genotypic mean (GM) of a synthetic variety (SV) of maize (Zea mays L.), breeders can develop SVs from L lines and s single crosses (SynL,SC) instead of L+2s lines (SynL). The objective of this work was to derive and study formulae for the inbreeding coefficient (IC) and GM of SynL,SC, SynL, and the SV derived from (L+2s)/2 single crosses (SynSC). All SVs were derived from the same L+2s unrelated lines whose IC is FL, and each parent of a SV was represented by m plants. An a priori probability equation for the IC was used. Important results were: 1) the largest and smallest GMs correspond to SynL and SynL,SC, respectively; 2) the GM predictors with the largest and intermediate precision are those for SynL and SynL,SC, respectively; 3) only when FL=1, or m is large, SynL and SynSC are the same population, but only with SynSC prediction costs and labor undergo the maximum decrease, although its prediction precision is the lowest. To determine the SV to be developed, breeders should also consider the availability of lines, single crosses, manpower and land area; besides budget, target farmers, target environments, etc.Para reducir costos y trabajo para predecir la media genotípica (GM) de una variedad sintética (SV) de maíz (Zea mays L.), se puede desarrollar SVs con L líneas y s cruzas simples (SynL,SC) en lugar de L+2s líneas (SynL). El objetivo de este trabajo fue derivar y estudiar fórmulas para el coeficiente de endogamia (IC) y la GM del SynL,SC, SynL y de la SV derivada con (L+2s)/2 cruzas simples (SynSC). Las SVs fueron generadas con las mismas L+2s líneas no emparentadas, con IC igual a FL. Cada progenitor se representó por m plantas. Se usó el concepto de probabilidad a priori para derivar fórmulas para IC. Resultados importantes fueron: 1) las GMs mayor y menor corresponden a SynL y SynL,SC, respectivamente, 2) la mayor mayor e intermedia precisiones para estimar GM, respectivamente, se obtienen con SynL y SynSC, y 3) solo cuando FL=1 o m es grande, SynL y SynSC son la misma población, pero SynSC, requiere menos trabajo y costos para la predicción aunque esta es menor. Para determinar qué SV desarrollar, se debe considerar también la disponibilidad de líneas, cruzas simples, mano de obra y área experimental; además de presupuesto, y ambientes y usuarios potenciales, etc

Qualitative and quantitative characterization of exosomes secreted by rat hepatocytes

Comunicaciones a congreso

Analysis of polarized 16 O ( → e , e ′ → p ) observables within the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation

Recoil nucleon transferred polarization observables in coincidence quasielastic electron scattering are studied within the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation. Results for response functions and polarization asymmetries are discussed for proton knockout from p 1 ∕ 2 , p 3 ∕ 2 , and s 1 ∕ 2 shells in 16 O . The impact of spinor distortion is examined by comparing the fully relativistic calculation with results obtained by projecting out the negative-energy components. In particular, a careful analysis of effects linked to the description of the bound and scattered relativistic nucleon wave functions is presented. The high sensitivity of some polarization observables to the dynamical enhancement of the lower components, already shown within the relativistic plane wave impulse approximation, is proven to be maintained in the relativistic distorted wave approach. Semi-relativistic approaches based on the effective momentum approximation are also studied. Finally, comparison with experimental data and a brief analysis of effects linked to medium modified form factors is presented.Dirección Genera de Investigación de España (DGI) y Fondos FEDER. BFM2002-03315, BFM2002-03562, FPA2002-04181-C04- 04, y BFM2000-0600Junta de Andalucía, España y Department of Energy de los EE.UU. DE-FC02-94ER4081