Combined healthy behaviors and healthcare services use in older adults

Data on the combined impact of healthy behaviors on healthcare use in older adults are limited. Methods Study with community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years from the Spanish Seniors-ENRICA cohort, recruited in 2008–2010, followed through 2012–2013, and analyzed in 2016 (N=2,021). At baseline, the following healthy behaviors were self-reported: three traditional (never smoking, being physically active, having a healthy diet) and three emerging (sleeping 7–8 hours/day, sitting < 8 hours/day, not living alone). Outcomes were self-reported polypharmacy (five or more drugs per day), primary care physician visits (one or more per month), medical specialist visits (more than one per year), and hospitalization (one or more in the last year). The associations between baseline healthy behaviors and healthcare services used in 2012–2013 were summarized with ORs and 95% CIs from multiple logistic regression, adjusting for demographics, lifestyles, comorbidities, and baseline health services used. Results Most single healthy behaviors were associated with lower use of most health services. Compared with participants with zero or one healthy behavior, those with five or six healthy behaviors showed lower risk of polypharmacy (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.24, 0.85, p-trend=0.001), visits to the primary care physician (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26, 0.96, p-trend=0.013), and hospitalization (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.24, 1.01, p-trend=0.016). No association was found with visits to the medical specialist. Conclusions The combination of five to six healthy behaviors in older adults is associated with half the risk of polypharmacy and using several healthcare services. In an era of constrained resources in most countries, this information may help inform health policy to control healthcare spending in the futureSpecific funding for this study was obtained from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS) grant PI13/02321 and PI16/ 01460 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER/FSE). RFP-T was supported by the National Government of Ecuador through the National Institution of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT

Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep, sedentary and active behaviors with mental health in older people: a compositional data analysis from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study

Abstract Background Most studies on the effects of sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), and physical activity (PA) on mental health did not account for the intrinsically compositional nature of the time spent in several behaviors. Thus, we examined the cross-sectional and prospective associations of device-measured compositional time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with depression symptoms, loneliness, happiness, and global mental health in older people (≥ 65 years). Methods Data were taken from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study, with assessments in 2015–2017 (wave 0) and 2018–2019 (wave 1). Time spent in sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA was assessed by wrist-worn accelerometers. Depression symptoms, loneliness, happiness, and global mental health were self-reported using validated questionnaires. Analyses were performed using a compositional data analysis (CoDA) paradigm and adjusted for potential confounders. Results In cross-sectional analyses at wave 0 (n = 2489), time-use composition as a whole was associated with depression and happiness (all p < 0.01). The time spent in MVPA relative to other behaviors was beneficially associated with depression (γ = -0.397, p < 0.001), loneliness (γ = -0.124, p = 0.017) and happiness (γ = 0.243, p < 0.001). Hypothetically, replacing 30-min of Sleep, SB or LPA with MVPA was beneficially cross-sectionally related with depression (effect size [ES] ranged -0.326 to -0.246), loneliness (ES ranged -0.118 to -0.073), and happiness (ES ranged 0.152 to 0.172). In prospective analyses (n = 1679), MVPA relative to other behaviors at baseline, was associated with favorable changes in global mental health (γ = 0.892, p = 0.049). We observed a beneficial prospective effect on global mental health when 30-min of sleep (ES = 0.521), SB (ES = 0.479) or LPA (ES = 0.755) were theoretically replaced for MVPA. Conclusions MVPA was cross-sectionally related with reduced depression symptoms and loneliness and elevated level of happiness, and prospectively related with enhanced global mental health. Compositional isotemporal analyses showed that hypothetically replacing sleep, SB or LPA with MVPA could result in modest but significantly improvements on mental health indicators. Our findings add evidence to the emerging body of research on 24-h time-use and health using CoDA and suggest an integrated role of daily behaviors on mental health in older people

Socioeconomic determinants of sarcopenic obesity and frail obesity in community-dwelling older adults: The Seniors-ENRICA Study

Information on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) throughout life and sarcopenic obesity is scarce, whereas no study has been focused on the association between SES and frail obesity. This analysis estimated the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and frail obesity, and their associations with SES in older adults. Data were collected in 2012 from 1,765 non-institutionalized individuals aged ≥65 participating in the Seniors-ENRICA study in Spain, by using standardized techniques and equipment. SES throughout life was evaluated with the father's occupation, participant's educational level, former own occupation, and current poor housing condition. Overall, 17.2% of participants had sarcopenic obesity, and 4.0% frail obesity. No association was found between SES and sarcopenic obesity. In contrast, the prevalence of frail obesity was higher in those with lower education, having worked in manual job, and currently having poor housing condition. Having ≥1 social disadvantages throughout life was associated with higher prevalence of frail obesity. The prevalence of this disorder increased by 1.49 (95% CI: 1.21-1.85) times for each social disadvantage added. The OR (95% CI) of frail obesity was 3.13 (1.71-5.7) for those having 3 or 4 vs. 0 or 1 social disadvantages, implying a more complex process beginning early in life.Data collection was funded by the following grants: PI13/0288; PI14/0009; PI16/01460; PI16/01512; and PI16/00609 (State Secretary of R+D and FEDER/FSE). BM-F was supported by a CIBERCV contract, RFP-T was supported by the National Government of Ecuador through the National Institution of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation-SENESCYT, and ML research activity is funded by Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID

gh/igf axis gene expression profile in developing atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus).

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT), Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), is a large migratory oceanic top predator, considered as an important worldwide fishery source and a key species in pelagic ecosystems. Survival during the early life stages is crucial for future recruitment success, with larval growth being a determining process. Fish growth and development are mainly controlled by the GH/IGF axis, being involved in skeletal and soft tissue growth, as well as in immune function, appetite control, behavior (including foraging, aggression, and predator avoidance). To characterize the ontogenetic development profile of the GH/IGF axis at the level of gene expression, an ABFT larval rearing experiment (under controlled feeding conditions) was performed in the aquaculture facilities of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), in Mazarrón during June 2019. Eggs and larvae from 3 replicates were collected regularly every 2-3 days from 0 until 30 days post-hatching (dph). In a total of 14 sampling points (n = 6-12 larvae) along the ontogeny, growth hormone (gh) and two forms of insulin growth factor (igf1 and igf2) were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. A sigmoidal gh expression profile was observed, with higher values at 5 and 23 (maximum) dph, and lower values at 0 (minimum), 12 and 30 dph. Nevertheless, igf1 and igf2 showed a gradual increase from early days, also with lower values at 0 and 12 dph, but with maximum levels at 30 dph. Results are discussed considering growing rates and transition from larvae to juvenile, underlining the importance of gh/ igf axis during the ABFT early development and growth

Histogenesis and cell differentiation in the retina of Thunnus thynnus: a morphological and immunohistochemical study

This study examines the anatomical development of the visual system of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, during the first 15 days of life at histological level, with emphasis in the immunohistochemical characterization of different cell types. As an altricial fish species, the retina was not developed at hatching. The appearance of eye pigmentation and the transformation of the retina from an undifferentiated neuroblastic layer into a laminated structure occurred during the first two days of life. At 16 days after hatching (DAH), the ganglion cells were arranged in a single row in the central region of the retina and the outer segments of the photoreceptors were morphologically developed. Furthermore, at this age, all the retinal cell types were immunohistochemically characterized. The presence of ganglion cell axons was confirmed with the TUJ1 antibody and the existence of functional synapses in the plexiform layers with antibodies against SV2. Cone opsins were immunostained with antibodies against visinin and CERN-922 immunoreactive rods were also identified. Different subpopulations of amacrine cells were immunostained with antibodies against αTH and PV. Highly GS-immunoreactive Müller cells were also detected at this age. These observations suggested that the T. thynnus retina was fully functional at the end of the second week of life. Basic studies on early morphology of the visual system and larval behaviour are necessary to support applied research on larval rearing. Furthermore, they may have implications for understanding larval ecology in the wild.Versión del edito

Chocolate and health-related quality of life: A prospective study

Background Chocolate consumption has been associated with a short-term reduction in blood pressure and cholesterol, and improvement of insulin sensitivity; however, participants could not be aware of presenting hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, the effect of chocolate on mental health is uncertain. This study assessed the association of regular chocolate consumption with the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of health-related quality of life (HRQL). Materials and methods We analyzed data from a cohort of 4599 individuals recruited in 2008–2010 and followed-up once prospectively to January 2013 (follow-up mean: 3.5 years). Regular chocolate consumption was assessed at baseline with a validated diet history. HRQL was assessed with the SF-12 v.2 at baseline and at follow-up. Analyses were performed with linear regression and adjusted for the main confounders, including HRQL at baseline. Results At baseline, 72% of the study participants did not consume chocolate, 11% consumed 10 g/day and 17% >10 g/day. Chocolate consumption at baseline did not show an association with PCS and MCS of the SF-12 measured three years later. Compared to those who did not consume chocolate, the PCS scores were similar in those who consumed 10g/day (beta: -0.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -0.94 to 0.80) and in those who consumed >10g/day (beta: 0.02; 95% CI:-0.71 to 0.75); corresponding figures for the MCS were 0.29; 95% CI: -0.67 to 1.26, and -0.57; 95%CI: -1.37 to 0.23. Similar results were found for sex, regardless of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes or depression Conclusions No evidence was found of an association between chocolate intake and the physical or mental components of HRQLBaseline data collection (ENRICA study) was funded by Sanofi-Aventis. Data collection during follow-up was funded by FIS grant 09/162 (Ministry of Health of Spain). Funding specific for this analysis was obtained from FIS grants PI11/01379 and PI12/ 1166 (Ministry of Health of Spain), and from the "Cátedra UAM de Epidemiología y Control del Riesgo Cardiovascular

GH/IGF AXIS GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN DEVELOPING ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus thynnus)

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT), Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), is a large migratory oceanic top predator, considered as an important worldwide fishery source and a key species in pelagic ecosystems. Survival during the early life stages is crucial for future recruitment success, with larval growth being a determining process. Fish growth and development are mainly controlled by the GH/IGF axis, being involved in skeletal and soft tissue growth, as well as in immune function, appetite control, behavior (including foraging, aggression, and predator avoidance). To characterize the ontogenetic development profile of the GH/IGF axis at the level of gene expression, an ABFT larval rearing experiment (under controlled feeding conditions) was performed in the aquaculture facilities of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), in Mazarrón during June 2019. Eggs and larvae from 3 replicates were collected regularly every 2-3 days from 0 until 30 days post-hatching (dph). In a total of 14 sampling points (n = 6-12 larvae) along the ontogeny, growth hormone (gh) and two forms of insulin growth factor (igf1 and igf2) were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. A sigmoidal gh expression profile was observed, with higher values at 5 and 23 (maximum) dph, and lower values at 0 (minimum), 12 and 30 dph. Nevertheless, igf1 and igf2 showed a gradual increase from early days, also with lower values at 0 and 12 dph, but with maximum levels at 30 dph. Results are discussed considering growing rates and transition from larvae to juvenile, underlining the importance of gh/ igf axis during the ABFT early development and growth

Las representaciones artísticas de los «Cuetos Pardos» (Cabrales, Asturias): identificación, estudio preliminar, y planteamientos para resolver un enigma

The aim of this paper is to describe a group of engravings and paintings discovered in a rocky outcrop of eastern Asturias. This first analysis of the panel allowed us to know the main features of the art motifs that, nowadays, don’t have an absolute dating associated. Apart from the analysis of the rock art the text addresses the prehistoric context, as well as the landscape in the surroundings of the rock. These are key data for a comprehensive view of the site, as well as for understanding the long roots of the prehistoric communities in this space.El presente texto da noticia detallada de la localización de un conjunto de motivos pintados y grabados en una formación rocosa de la zona oriental de Asturias. El estudio preliminar del panel permite conocer en detalle las características de las muestras artísticas que, de momento, carecen de referencias cronológicas absolutas. Acompañando el análisis del panel se incluye una contextualización prehistórica y paisajística que permite entender no solo el paraje en el que se encuentran las figuras, sino también el largo anclaje prehistórico al lugar