El lenguaje de Clitemnestra en el Agamenón de Esquilo

Este artículo analiza el lenguaje femenino en la tragedia clásica del siglo v a.C. estudiando las claves del lenguaje femenino y sus características más destacadas, como el canto, la suplica o las expresiones propias. Nos centraremos en el estudio de uno de los personajes femeninos más conocidos del teatro clásico, la Clitemnestra esquilea, cuya paradigmática puesta en escena y condicionantes de género han pervivido a lo largo de los siglos gracias a su mito.This article analyzes the female language in the classical tragedy of the 5th century BC studying its keys and its main verbal modes (such as song, plea or silence). Particularly, I shall focus on the study of one of the most popular female characters in classical tragedy, the Aeschylean Clytemnestra, whose paradigmatic staging, including issues of gender, has survived over the centuries

Do best and worst innovative companies differ in terms of intellectual capital, knowledge and radicalness?

This paper differentiates “best innovative companies” from “worst innovative companies” and it takes into account three separate bodies of literature— intellectual capital, knowledge-based view, and innovation literatures. Based on a sample of 181 firms which belong to manufacturing and services industries, our findings show that best innovative performers companies (considering both financial and non-financial dimensions of innovation success) present systematically higher scores for all dimensions of intellectual capital: human, organizational and social capital) than worst innovation performers. Knowledge exchange and combination seems to be characteristic of most successful innovators, but no differences in systemic, tacit, complex and not observable knowledge have been found for these companies. Finally, regarding radicalness, firms with more innovation success provide new products or services that incorporates a new technology and new customer benefits (uniqueness), while firms with less innovation success laughs new products or services which are unfamiliar or difficult to understand by customers.Mobile-shopping

Social capital and knowledge in interorganizational networks: Their joint effect on innovation

This research analyzes the effects of interorganizational links on innovation using a comprehensive framework that integrates three research streams: social capital, knowledge based view and innovation. Using data from 143 R&D and/or marketing departments of innovative manufacturing and service companies, our results show that while knowledge complexity, per se, exerts a clear influence on the degree of innovations radicalness, the effect of knowledge tacitness appears only when it is combined with social capital. Similarly, the mere existence of strong cooperation agreements (relational social capital) does not guarantee more radical innovations. It is only when this social capital is combined with tacit knowledge that it really produces more innovative products. We also find that such radical products have an important impact on firm performance.: Innovation; radicalness; social capital; knowledge complexity; knowledge tacitness; firm performance

Do best and worst innovative companies differ in terms of intellectual capital, knowledge and radicalness?

This paper differentiates “best innovative companies” from “worst innovative companies” and it takes into account three separate bodies of literature— intellectual capital, knowledge-based view, and innovation literatures. Based on a sample of 181 firms which belong to manufacturing and services industries, our findings show that best innovative performers companies (considering both financial and non-financial dimensions of innovation success) present systematically higher scores for all dimensions of intellectual capital: human, organizational and social capital) than worst innovation performers. Knowledge exchange and combination seems to be characteristic of most successful innovators, but no differences in systemic, tacit, complex and not observable knowledge have been found for these companies. Finally, regarding radicalness, firms with more innovation success provide new products or services that incorporates a new technology and new customer benefits (uniqueness), while firms with less innovation success laughs new products or services which are unfamiliar or difficult to understand by customers.Mobile-shopping

Cinética peritoneal en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria

Fac. de MedicinaTRUEProQuestpu

Getting the right patient on the right renal replacement therapy

[Abstract] Adequate selection of the modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT), ideally based on well-planned predialysis care, informed decision by the patient and timely initiation of dialysis, is essential to optimize the outcome of patients with chronic kidney disease. However, there are important practical limitations to the success of this process. A major consequence is the underutilization of home-based dialysis therapies, including peritoneal dialysis (PD). A wide array of medical and social factors have been invoked as contraindications to PD, but well-designed studies have shown that most patients (probably >70%) starting dialysis are suitable for this technique. PD is feasible and may be preferred by a significant proportion of patients in many claimed unfavorable settings. The practicing nephrologist should be able to: disclose which are insurmountable barriers to PD, clarify the significance of relative contraindications in individual cases, and identify favorable and unfavorable settings for home dialysis. These abilities will permit quality education, justified advice, well-targeted informed decision and, predictably, successful selection of the modality of RRT. This article provides some clues to approach these issues in three different settings: planned start of RRT after predialysis care, unplanned start of dialysis and programmed changes of modality during follow-up

Peritoneal water transport characteristics of diabetic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: a longitudinal study

[Abstract] Background: Volume overload is frequent in diabetics undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), and may play a significant role in the excess mortality observed in these patients. The characteristics of peritoneal water transport in this population have not been studied sufficiently. Method: Following a prospective, single-center design we made cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of peritoneal water transport in 2 relatively large samples of diabetic and nondiabetic PD patients. We used 3.86/4.25% glucose-based peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) with complete drainage at 60 min, for these purposes. Main Results: We scrutinized 59 diabetic and 120 nondiabetic PD patients. Both samples showed relatively similar characteristics, although diabetics were significantly more overhydrated than nondiabetics. The baseline PET disclosed lower ultrafiltration (mean 439 mL diabetics vs. 532 mL nondiabetics, p = 0.033) and sodium removal (41 vs. 53 mM, p = 0.014) rates in diabetics. One hundred and nine patients (36 diabetics) underwent a second PET after 12 months, and 45 (14 diabetics) underwent a third one after 24 months. Longitudinal analyses disclosed an essential stability of water transport in both groups, although nondiabetic patients showed a trend where an increase in free water transport (p = 0.033) was observed, which was not the case in diabetics. Conclusions: Diabetic patients undergoing PD present lower capacities of ultrafiltration and sodium removal than their nondiabetic counterparts. Longitudinal analyses disclose an essential stability of water transport capacities, both in diabetics and nondiabetics. The clinical significance of these differences deserves further analysis

Comprehensive approach to peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis by enteric microorganisms: comparison between single organism and polymicrobial infections

[Abstract] Background: Peritoneal infections of enteric origin (EntP) have been classically investigated using partial strategies, focused on particular subgroups of microorganisms. A more comprehensive approach may facilitate the definition of the nomenclature and clinical presentation of these infections. Objectives: To investigate the clinical presentation and outcomes of a full spectrum of EntP, with a particular interest in the comparison between single-organism and polymicrobial infections. Method: Following an observational design, we investigated 165 single-organism and 83 polymicrobial peritonitis episodes with isolation of at least 1 enteric bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp. and/or intestinal anaerobics). We compared the risk of treatment failure for these 2 types of infection and explored the significance of the isolation of specific microorganisms and of their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. Results: Polymicrobial EntP was associated with higher rates of hospitalization, more changes to initial antibiotic therapy, more surgical explorations, and higher mortality and treatment failure rates than monobacterial EntP. However, stratified and multivariate analyses revealed that the burden of these differences rested on the isolation of intestinal anaerobics (odds ratio [OR] 12.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.53–31.09, p < 0.001) and/or Enterococcus faecium (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.02–11.30, p = 0.046), while other polymicrobial infections were more comparable with single-organism peritonitis, except for even higher mortality rates in the former group. Lower antibiotic susceptibility of the isolations (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.51–2.70, p = 0.70) did not perform as a predictor of treatment failure. Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to peritoneal infections by intestinal microorganisms may provide a focused perspective of the clinical presentation and outcomes of these complications of peritoneal dialysis