Neuroglial Involvement in Abnormal Glutamate Transport in the Cochlear Nuclei of the Igf1−/− Mouse

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a powerful regulator of synaptic activity and a deficit in this protein has a profound impact on neurotransmission, mostly on excitatory synapses in both the developing and mature auditory system. Adult Igf1−/− mice are animal models for the study of human syndromic deafness; they show altered cochlear projection patterns into abnormally developed auditory neurons along with impaired glutamate uptake in the cochlear nuclei, phenomena that probably reflect disruptions in neuronal circuits. To determine the cellular mechanisms that might be involved in regulating excitatory synaptic plasticity in 4-month-old Igf1−/− mice, modifications to neuroglia, astroglial glutamate transporters (GLTs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) were assessed in the cochlear nuclei. The Igf1−/− mice show significant decreases in IBA1 (an ionized calcium-binding adapter) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA expression and protein accumulation, as well as dampened mGluR expression in conjunction with enhanced glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) expression. By contrast, no differences were observed in the expression of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) between these Igf1−/− mice and their heterozygous or wildtype littermates. These observations suggest that congenital IGF-1 deficiency may lead to alterations in microglia and astrocytes, an upregulation of GLT1, and the downregulation of groups I, II and III mGluRs. Understanding the molecular, biochemical and morphological mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity in a mouse model of hearing deficits will give us insight into new therapeutic strategies that could help to maintain or even improve residual hearing when human deafness is related to IGF-1 deficiency

Neuroglial involvement in abnormal glutamate transport in the cochlear nuclei of the Igf1—/— mouse

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a powerful regulator of synaptic activity and a deficit in this protein has a profound impact on neurotransmission, mostly on excitatory synapses in both the developing and mature auditory system. Adult Igf1—/— mice are animal models for the study of human syndromic deafness; they show altered cochlear projection patterns into abnormally developed auditory neurons along with impaired glutamate uptake in the cochlear nuclei, phenomena that probably reflect disruptions in neuronal circuits. To determine the cellular mechanisms that might be involved in regulating excitatory synaptic plasticity in 4-month-old Igf1—/— mice, modifications to neuroglia, astroglial glutamate transporters (GLTs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) were assessed in the cochlear nuclei. The Igf1—/— mice show significant decreases in IBA1 (an ionized calcium-binding adapter) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA expression and protein accumulation, as well as dampened mGluR expression in conjunction with enhanced glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) expression. By contrast, no differences were observed in the expression of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) between these Igf1—/— mice and their heterozygous or wildtype littermates. These observations suggest that congenital IGF-1 deficiency may lead to alterations in microglia and astrocytes, an upregulation of GLT1, and the downregulation of groups I, II and III mGluRs. Understanding the molecular, biochemical and morphological mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity in a mouse model of hearing deficits will give us insight into new therapeutic strategies that could help to maintain or even improve residual hearing when human deafness is related to IGF-1 deficiencyThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO; SAF2016-788898-C2-1R) to JJ and VF-S; Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)-HEALTH- 2012-INNOVATON (#304925) to JJ; CIBERER/FEDER ACCI-ER16P5AC7091 and ER17P5AC7612 to LR-R; and Spanish MINECO/FEDER (SAF2014-53979-R), FP7- PEOPLE-2013-IAPP TARGEAR, CIBERER/FEDER (ACCIER16P5AC7091 and ER17P5AC7612) to IV-N. LR-R holds a contract supported by CIBERER (Institute of Health Carlos III) co-financed with FEDER fund

A Comparative Study of Age-Related Hearing Loss in Wild Type and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Deficient Mice

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) belongs to the family of insulin-related peptides that fulfils a key role during the late development of the nervous system. Human IGF1 mutations cause profound deafness, poor growth and mental retardation. Accordingly, Igf1−/− null mice are dwarfs that have low survival rates, cochlear alterations and severe sensorineural deafness. Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is a common disorder associated with aging that causes social and cognitive problems. Aging is also associated with a decrease in circulating IGF-I levels and this reduction has been related to cognitive and brain alterations, although there is no information as yet regarding the relationship between presbycusis and IGF-I biodisponibility. Here we present a longitudinal study of wild type Igf1+/+ and null Igf1−/− mice from 2 to 12 months of age comparing the temporal progression of several parameters: hearing, brain morphology, cochlear cytoarchitecture, insulin-related factors and IGF gene expression and IGF-I serum levels. Complementary invasive and non-invasive techniques were used, including auditory brainstem-evoked response (ABR) recordings and in vivo MRI brain imaging. Igf1−/− null mice presented profound deafness at all the ages studied, without any obvious worsening of hearing parameters with aging. Igf1+/+ wild type mice suffered significant age-related hearing loss, their auditory thresholds and peak I latencies augmenting as they aged, in parallel with a decrease in the circulating levels of IGF-I. Accordingly, there was an age-related spiral ganglion degeneration in wild type mice that was not evident in the Igf1 null mice. However, the Igf1−/− null mice in turn developed a prematurely aged stria vascularis reminiscent of the diabetic strial phenotype. Our data indicate that IGF-I is required for the correct development and maintenance of hearing, supporting the idea that IGF-I-based therapies could contribute to prevent or ameliorate age-related hearing loss

Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) Has a Central Role in Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation in the Mouse Cochlea.

Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) are associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) of multiple etiologies. Their activity is tightly regulated by dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), whose loss of function leads to sustained SAPK activation. Dusp1 gene knockout in mice accelerates SNHL progression and triggers inflammation, redox imbalance and hair cell (HC) death. To better understand the link between inflammation and redox imbalance, we analyzed the cochlear transcriptome in Dusp1-/- mice. RNA sequencing analysis (GSE176114) indicated that Dusp1-/- cochleae can be defined by a distinct profile of key cellular expression programs, including genes of the inflammatory response and glutathione (GSH) metabolism. To dissociate the two components, we treated Dusp1-/- mice with N-acetylcysteine, and hearing was followed-up longitudinally by auditory brainstem response recordings. A combination of immunofluorescence, Western blotting, enzymatic activity, GSH levels measurements and RT-qPCR techniques were used. N-acetylcysteine treatment delayed the onset of SNHL and mitigated cochlear damage, with fewer TUNEL+ HC and lower numbers of spiral ganglion neurons with p-H2AX foci. N-acetylcysteine not only improved the redox balance in Dusp1-/- mice but also inhibited cytokine production and reduced macrophage recruitment. Our data point to a critical role for DUSP1 in controlling the cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation

DESARROLLO DE UN SISTEMA DE REGISTRO DE ASISTENCIAS PARA MEJORAR LAS PRÁCTICAS DE TRABAJO DEL CAADI YURIRIA

ResumenEl Centro de Auto Aprendizaje de Idiomas del Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios de la Universidad de Guanajuato en la Sede de Yuriria es un espacio dirigido a los estudiantes con el fin de promover su autonomía en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés. El registro de asistencia en este centro es necesario para ser reportado a los profesores que incluyen en sus criterios de evaluación la asistencia al mismo. En este trabajo se reporta el desarrollo, puesta en marcha, y mantenimiento de un Sistema de Registro de Asistencia desarrollado bajo algunos de los principios de la metodología de administración de proyectos Scrum y usando herramientas que permiten un desarrollo ágil como Meteor.js y el manejador de base de datos NoSQL Mongo DB. Se discute el impacto que esta herramienta ha tenido en las prácticas de trabajo de la administradora del centro, y de las oportunidades de crecimiento y trabajo futuro del mismo.Palabras Claves: Desarrollo de Software, Prácticas de Trabajo, Meteor.js, MongoDB. AbstractThe Self-Access Language Learning centre of the Department of Multidisciplinary Studies of the University of Guanajuato in Yuriria aims to provide the tools for students to become autonomous learners in English learning. Student attendance reports need to be generated for teachers that include attendance to this centre as part of their evaluation criteria. In this work we report the development, installation and support for an Attendance Management System developed based on the SCRUM methodology and using tools that support agile development such as Meteor.js and the NoSQL database manager system MongoDB.  We discuss about the impact that this tool has had in the working practices of the manager and the opportunities and future work for this project.Keywords: Software development, Work practices, Meteor.js, MongoDB

DESARROLLO DE UN SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE JUEGOS DIDÁCTICOS DEL CENTRO DE AUTO-APRENDIZAJE DIRIGIDO DE IDIOMAS

ResumenEl Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios de la Universidad de Guanajuato en la sede de Yuriria (DEM), cuenta con un Centro de Auto-Aprendizaje Dirigido de Inglés (CAADI) donde el estudiante puede mejorar las habilidades de lectura, escritura y comprensión auditiva de una lengua extranjera, primordialmente inglés, de manera autónoma. El CAADI cuenta con diversos materiales, entre los que se encuentran los juegos didácticos diseñados por estudiantes de la Licenciatura en la Enseñanza del Inglés (LEI), para desarrollar aspectos específicos de cada una de estas habilidades. Sin embargo, el uso de estos juegos no ha sido tan difundido en las clases de Inglés impartidas en la Sede. En este trabajo, se reporta el proceso de ingeniería de software de un sistema de información capaz de administrar el inventario y préstamo de juegos didácticos. El sistema se ha puesto en operación en el CAADI y se encuentra en evaluación, se espera que este trabajo impacte de manera positiva en la administración de los recursos del CAADI y en promover su uso.Palabra(s) Clave: CAADI, Enseñanza de idiomas, Juegos educativos, Scrum. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF DIDACTIC GAMES OF THE CENTER OF SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING OF LANGUAGESAbstractThe Department of Multidisciplinary Studies at the University of Guanajuato at Yuriria (DEM) has a Self-Access Language Learning Centre (CAADI) where a student can improve autonomously reading, writing, and listening skills in a foreign language, primarily English. CAADI has several materials, including didactic games designed by students of the English Teaching Degree (ETD), to develop specific aspects of each of these skills. However, the use of these games has not been so widespread in English classes taught at the Institution. In this paper, we report the software engineering process of an information system designed for managing the inventory and loan of didactic games. The system has been release to a production stage at CAADI and its evaluation is in progress. It is expected that this work will impact positively into the management activities of CAADI resources and will help to disseminate their use.Keywords: CAADI, Educational Games, Learning Centre, Scrum

Valoración del Patrón de la Sexualidad: atención integral de la salud de las personas

Background: Sexuality is an important component of life and health. Also of severe conflicts related to physical or psychological events, including the transmission of diseases, negative experiences, sexual patterns, violence and cultural or religious determinants. Nevertheless, the information collected in the nurse’s files is frequently limited to the reproductive and/or marital status of the patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of information on issues related to sexuality, its determinants and the iof the data obtained can have on people's health Methods: Observational study conducted in the respiratory medicine department of a provincial referral hospital where initial assessments (IA) were revised 250 medical charts and interviewed 292 consecutively admitted patients by questionnaire focused. In a first step, the information collected and the nature of the data about the information related to sexuality in 250 IA of medical records of patients admitted in the year before the study. In a second step, a questionnaire was developed, based on the evaluation criteria of functional patterns Gordon and focused on assessing the pattern of sexuality and applied to 292 patients hospitalized. The influence of different aspects of this pattern using the Chi-square test. Results: In the first step of the 250 IA reviewed, it was found that in the IA data were recorded breeding in 75% of the IA. In the second phase, 292 subjects were included, 46.9% men and 53.1% women, mean age 57 years, and the response rate to the questionnaire in patients was 100%, with a higher response rate 95% in all questions. Was collected: reviews by the specialist, use of contraceptives methods, STD condition, quality of relationship with partner, perceived sense of your partner, the importance of sex in his life, a history of sexual violence, stable partner relationships outside. In the development labor Diagnoses were identified relevant to the evolution of the overall health of people in 70.2% of cases. Conclusions: The response rate to the questionnaire was high. The differences in the pattern of sexuality influenced most health conditions requiring full of people. The information collected was relevant to the overall health of people in a large number of cases. Problems are identified risk practices and abuse in a large number of people, indicating the need for assessment. Do not ask about this pattern or do only referred to the reproduction, it is biased for the information, often with serious implications for the health of people. Nurses have expertise on sexual health of people and should be the scientific knowledge to determine the suitability of the decision making in this regard.Resumen Antecedentes: La sexualidad es un componente importante de la vida y la salud. Puede ser origen de graves conflictos relacionados con la salud física, psicológica, incluyendo la transmisión de enfermedades, las experiencias negativas, las pautas sexuales, la violencia y los determinantes culturales o religiosos. Sin embargo, la información recogida en los Registros Enfermeros con frecuencia se limita a la reproducción y / o el estado civil de los pacientes.Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la información sobre aspectos relacionados con la sexualidad, los factores que la determinan y la relevanciaque los datos obtenidos puedan tener sobre la salud de las personas. Métodos: Estudio Observacional realizado en la Unidad de Neumología de un Hospital de referencia provincial en el que se revisaron 250 Valoraciones Iniciales (VI) Historias Clínicas y se entrevistó de forma consecutiva a 292 pacientes ingresados mediante cuestionario.En una primera etapa, se evaluó la información recogida y la naturaleza de los datos obtenidos acerca de la información relacionada con la sexualidad en 250 VI de las Historias Clínicas de pacientes ingresados el año anterior a la realización del estudio.En un segundo paso, se elaboró un cuestionario, basado en los criterios de valoración de los Patrones Funcionales de Gordony centrado en la valoración del Patrón de la sexualidad y se aplicó a292 pacientes hospitalizados. Se investigó la influencialos diferentes aspectos de este patrón mediante el empleo de la prueba de Chi-cuadrado.Resultados:De las 250 VI que se revisaron, se constatóqueen la VIse registraban los datos de reproducción en el 75% de las VI.En la segunda fase, se incluyeron 292 sujetos, 46.,9% hombres y 53,1% mujeres, con edad mediade 57 años, y la tasa de respuesta al cuestionario en los pacientes fue del 100%, siendo el porcentaje de respuesta superior al 95% en todas las preguntas.Se recogió: revisiones por el especialista, utilización de métodos conceptivos, padecimiento de ETS, calidad de relación con la pareja, percepción del sentimiento de su pareja, importancia de las relaciones sexuales en su vida, antecedentes de violencia sexual, relaciones fuera de pareja estable.En el desarrollo del trabajo se identificaron Diagnósticos Enfermeros relevantes para la evolución de la salud integral de las personas en el 70,2% de los casos.Conclusiones: El porcentaje de respuesta a las preguntas del cuestionario fue elevado. Las diferencias en el Patrón de la sexualidad influyeron en la mayoríade las condiciones que requieren la salud integral de las personas. La información recogida tuvo relevancia para la salud integral de las personas en un número elevado de casos.La calidad de la información recogida fue buena, ya que las personas informaron sin reserva y naturalidad, como del resto de los patronesalas preguntas formuladas sobre su sexualidad. Se identifican problemas de prácticas de riesgo y maltrato en un número elevado de personas, que indican la necesidad de su valoración. No preguntar sobre este Patrón o hacerlo solo referido a la reproducción, hace que quede sesgada la información al respecto, en muchas ocasiones con serias repercusiones sobre la salud de las personas. Las enfermeras tienen competencias sobre la salud sexual de las personas y han de ser sus conocimientos científicos las que determinen la idoneidad de la toma de decisiones a este respecto.     

Factores de riesgo de los trastornos hipertensivos inducidos por el embarazo en mujeres atendidas en una entidad de salud de Santa Marta

The Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a public health problem, is the first cause of maternal death in the developed countries and the third in developing countries. Objective: To identify the riskfactors those determine the occurrence of the hypertensive disorders in pregnant women attending in a health institution of Santa Marta, Colombia, in the months of January 2011 to January 2012. Materials and Methods: descriptive study, quantitative retrospective, executed in a group of 51 pregnant patients who had hypertensive disorders. The collection techniques of information used were based on the documentary review (medical history) and the application of an inquest previously validated by experts. Through these methods found variables which allowed identifying the risk factors in the hypertensive disorders of pregnant women. Results: The age distribution was ubicated in the range 26-34 years old / 54.8%), risk factors present were: underweight (45.0%), not attending antenatal care (11.8%), multiparous (56.9%), socioeconomic status medium high (45.1), family history related hypertensive disorder of the mother (39.2%), medical history of urinary tract infections (83.3%) and alcohol consumption (58.8%). Conclusions: The risk factors of medical history of urinary tract infections occurred in a high percentage (83.3%), alcohol consumption, and family history multiparity, occupied an important place, while the significant level of assistance to prenatal care not prevent the appearance of hypertensive disorder.Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, son un problema de salud pública, la primera causa de muerte materna en países desarrollados y la tercera en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgos que determinan la aparición de los trastornos hipertensivos, en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en una entidad de salud de Santa Marta, Colombia, en los meses de enero de 2011 a enero 2012. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo retrospectivo, realizado a un grupo de 51 pacientes gestantes que presentaron trastornos hipertensivos. Las técnicas de recolección de información se basaron en la revisión documental (historias clínicas) y la aplicación de una encuesta previamente validada por expertos. A través de estos métodos se consignaron variables que permitieron identificar los factores en los trastornos hipertensivos de las gestantes. Resultados: la distribución por edad se ubicó en el rango 26 a 34 años (54.8%), los factores de riesgos presentes fueron: bajo peso (45.0%), no asistencia a controles prenatales (11,8%), multiparidad (56.9%), nivel socioeconómico medio-alto (45.1), antecedentes familiares relacionados con alteración hipertensiva de la madre (39.2%), antecedentes personales patológicos de infecciones urinarias (83.3%) y consumo de alcohol (58.8%). Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo de antecedentes personales patológicos de infecciones urinarias se presentaron en un alto porcentaje (83,3%), el consumo de alcohol, multiparidad y antecedentes familiares, ocuparon un lugar importante; mientras que el nivel significativo de asistencia a controles prenatales, no evitó la aparición del trastorno hipertensivo. (DUAZARY 2013 No. 2, 119 - 126

Estudio para la mejora de la calidad del Máster en Trabajo Social Comunitario, Gestión y Evaluación de Servicios Sociales en atención a las necesidades del alumnado egresado

Se presenta el informe sobre el desarrollo del proyecto de innovación en calidad llevado a cabo por un equipo interdisciplinar en la Facultad de Trabajo Social. A través de la creación de un cuestionario y un grupo de discusión se analiza la inserción laboral y satisfacción con la titulación de nuestros egresados