Evolución del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación en adultos hospitalizados que experimentaron un trauma músculo esquelético por accidentes de tránsito

Objective: Exploring the evolution of coping and adaptation strategies by 11 cases of adults who had suffered traffic accident-related musculoskeletal trauma during their stay in hospital at Clínica Universidad de la Sabana during 2015.Methods: Studying the aforementioned cases enabled describing and comparing the 11 patients’ coping and adaptation strategies. The abridged Spanish version of Roy’s Coping Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS) was used for measuring such strategies; it was used on patient admission to and discharge from hospital. This research took the relevant ethical principles into account; the patients gave their written informed consent and the Universidad de la Sabana and its hospital where the study was carried out authorised the study (i.e. the Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation’s Research Subcommittee). Results: This study’s findings showed that eight of the eleven cases maintained a high coping ability, or improved from moderate (on admission to hospital) to high level ability (on discharge).Conclusion: Problem-centred coping and adaptation strategies were involved in most cases. Patients approached this through resolving situation-related questions before acting, using past experiences considered useful, adopting new skills to cope with difficult situations and using alternative solutions and resources.Objetivo: Explorar la evolución del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación de 11 casos de adultos que experimentaron un trauma músculo esquelético, por accidentes de tránsito, durante la estancia hospitalaria en la Clínica Universidad de la Sabana en 2015. Método: Estudio de casos que permitió describir y comparar el proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación en 11 personas. Se aplicó la Escala de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación versión abreviada en español, al ingreso y al egreso hospitalario. En esta investigación se tuvo en cuenta los principios éticos correspondientes, se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de los participantes y las autorizaciones de la Subcomisión de Investigación de la Facultad de Enfermería y Rehabilitación de la Universidad de la Sabana y de la Clínica donde se llevó a cabo el estudio. Resultado: Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran para ocho de los once casos una tendencia a mantenerse en nivel alto de afrontamiento o a pasar de nivel medio a alto desde el ingreso hasta el egreso hospitalario. Conclusión: La mayoría de los casos tuvo un proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación dirigido al problema, donde se encontró interés por resolver dudas relacionadas con la situación antes de actuar, utilización de experiencias pasadas consideradas como útiles, adopción de nuevas habilidades para afrontar las situaciones difíciles y el uso de soluciones alternativas y recursos

Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Intervention in the First 1000 Days of Life to Prevent Obesity and Overweight in Childhood: Study Protoco

(1) Background: Obesity is a global health problem, and its prevention must be a priority goal of public health, especially considering the seriousness of the problem among children. It is known that fetal and early postnatal environments may favor the appearance of obesity in later life. In recent years, the impact of the programs to prevent obesity in childhood has been scarce. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on the concept of early programming. (2) Methods: Non-randomized controlled trial design. Inclusion criteria are: two-year-old infants whose gestational period begins in the 14 months following the start of the intervention, and whose mothers have made the complete follow-up of their pregnancy in the same clinical unit of the study. The intervention will be developed over all the known factors that affect early programming, during pregnancy up to 2 years of life. Data will be collected through a data collection sheet by the paediatricians. A unibivariate and multivariate analysis of the data will be carried out. (3) Ethics and dissemination: The trial does not involve any risk to participants and their offspring. Signed informed consent is obtained from all participants. Ethical approval has been obtained. (4) Results: It is expected that this study will provide evidence on the importance of the prevention of obesity from the critical period of the first 1000 days of life, being able to establish this as a standard intervention in primary care

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Diagnostic labels of NANDA-I in a southern region of Spain

Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de las etiquetas diagnósticas de la NANDA-I (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International) y establecer la distribución de los episodios asistenciales y de sus respectivas etiquetas, en función de variables sociodemográficas (edad y sexo). Método: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y de corte transversal de las etiquetas de la NANDA-I, bajo diseño ecológico. Se analizó la distribución de las etiquetas según sexo y edad, se calcularon las frecuencias correspondientes y se computaron las tasas de incidencia con datos agregados para los episodios asistenciales por etiqueta. Resultados: el número total de episodios asistenciales del estudio fue de 9.928 (41,65% hombres y 58,35% mujeres). Las etiquetas identificadas en los episodios fueron 16.456 (7.084 hombres y 9.372 mujeres), con un promedio de 1,7 etiquetas por episodio; de las 216 etiquetas propuestas por la NANDA-I, en su clasificación 2012-14, se utilizaron 152, lo que representó 70,4%. Las etiquetas con mayores tasas de incidencia por mil habitantes fueron: Ansiedad, Disposición para mejorar los conocimientos y Riesgo de infección. Conclusiones: el estudio permitió detectar, a través de la NANDA-I, las respuestas a los problemas de salud de mayor incidencia en los usuarios atendidos.Objective: to determine the incidence of NANDA-I diagnostic labels (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International) and to establish the distribution of cases of assistance and the associated labels, according to sociodemographic variables (age and sex). Method: descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study of labels of NANDA-I, under ecological design. The distribution of labels was analyzed according to sex and age; the corresponding frequencies were calculated and for each label the incidence were calculated rates with aggregate data from the attended cases. Results: the total number of cases of care under study was 9,928 (41.65% men and 58.35% women). The identified labels were 16,456 (7,084 men and 9,372 women); average of 1.7 labels per case of care; Out of 216 labels proposed by NANDA-I, in its 2012-14 classification, 152 were used, representing 70.4%. The labels with the highest incidence rates per thousand inhabitants were: Anxiety, Willingness to Improve Knowledge and Risk of Infection. Conclusions: the study allowed detecting, through NANDA-I, the answers to the health problems of greater incidence in the users attended.Objetivo: determinar a incidência das etiquetas diagnósticas da NANDA-I (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association - International) e estabelecer a distribuição dos episódios assistenciais e de suas respectivas etiquetas em função de variáveis sociodemográficas (idade e sexo). Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivo, de corte transversal, das etiquetas da NANDA-I, de desenho ecológico. A distribuição das etiquetas segundo sexo e idade foi analisada; as frequências correspondentes foram calculadas e as taxas de incidência com dados agregados para os episódios assistenciais por etiqueta foram computadas Resultados: o número total de episódios assistenciais do estudo foi de 9.928 (41,65% homens e 58,35% mulheres). As etiquetas identificadas nesses episódios foram 16.456 (7.084 de homens e 9.372 de mulheres), com uma média de 1,7 etiquetas por episódio; das 216 etiquetas propostas pela NANDA-I, na sua classificação 2012-14, foram utilizadas 152, o que representou 70,4%. As etiquetas com maiores taxas de incidência por mil habitantes foram: Ansiedade, Disposição para melhorar os conhecimentos e Risco de infecção Conclusões: o estudo permitiu detectar, por meio da NANDA-I, as respostas aos problemas de saúde de maior incidência nos usuários atendidos

Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study

Periodic toothbrushing is the most common, effective, and reliable way to mechanically remove biofilm from oral tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between toothbrushing frequency and socioeconomic position for schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age in four cities in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 Mexican schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age from public schools in four Mexican cities. Questionnaires were administered to the parents/guardians of the schoolchildren to obtain the variables included in the study. The dependent variable was toothbrushing frequency, dichotomized as: 0 = less than twice a day and 1 = at least twice a day. The analysis was performed in Stata. The average age of the schoolchildren was 8.9 1.9 years; 50.4% were female. The prevalence of toothbrushing was 52.8% (at least twice a day) (95% CI = 48.457.1). In the multivariate model, the variables associated (p < 0.05) with toothbrushing frequency were older age of the schoolchild (OR = 1.14); younger age of the mother (OR = 0.93); being a girl (OR = 1.70); being enrolled in Seguro Popular (OR = 0.69); being in a household that was owned (OR = 2.43); and being a schoolchild who lived in a home that owned a car (OR = 1.31). The prevalence of toothbrushing at least twice a day was just over 50% in these Mexican children. We found demographic and socioeconomic variables to be associated with toothbrushing. Based on socioeconomic variables that were associated with toothbrushing frequency—such as health insurance, home ownership and the household owning a car—the results of the present study confirm the existence of health inequalities in toothbrushing frequency