Desde África a Latinoamérica : encuentro diacrónico de mujeres pintoras

In this article, we propose to explain a situation that presents some complexity because it refers to different levels, all of which are given off to relate the work of women painters which, despite being produced in different times and contexts such geographically distant between them, they share certain biographical circumstances. All in all, we aim to link here all the limitations that they found in their respective artistic paths, it means, exposing their lives, something crucial in the path taken by each of them, from Peru in Latin America, via Canary Islands until South Africa. To this purpose we find appropriate the feminist theory. Which theory is now plural, heterogeneous, once the scheme has exceeded monolithic Eurocentric, of the initial feminism new codes and change the hegemonic discourse. Opens the way for minorities in particular, we are interested in highlighting the importance of autobiography to legitimize marginalized spaces, mostly in the domestic field. What we want, taking into account diversity, is to meet the specific testimony to trace the traits that unifies the experience of a Latin American painter, one of the Canary Islands and Africa

Bending collapse analysis for thin and medium-thin-walled square and rectangular hollow shapes

Thin-walled hollow shapes are of great interest in many industries with weight constraints due to their availability, low price, and strength to weight ratio. However, they are also prone to localized bending collapse, which can be used as an energy absorption mechanism during deformation. Up until now, industrial applications have relied on numerical simulations, non-standardized tests, and a handful of theories to address the bending collapse behavior. In this paper, a modification to the most widely used theory is presented and adapted for hollow shapes with greater thickness that cannot be considered. To verify the accuracy of the proposed modification, a comparison with a detailed FEM model, validated through various three-point bending collapse experimental tests, has been performed. The results seem to show that the proposed modifications can predict the maximum load and collapse stage behavior of hollow shapes with more accuracy than the original analytical model. Thus, the proposed modification may be used to predict the collapse behavior of commercially available square and rectangular hollow shapes in different fields of application.D. Lavayen would like to recognize the financial support providedby CONCYTEC (Peru) and The World Bank, through the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and FONDECYT (Peru): Funding Contract;10-2018-FONDECYT/WB PhD programs in strategic and generalareas. Part of this work has also been supported by Comunidad de Madrid - multiannual agreement with UC3M (Excelencia para el Profesorado Universitario - EPUC3M21 ) - Fifth regional research plan2016-202

Molecular characterization of autophagic and apoptotic signaling induced by sorafenib in liver cancer cells

Sorafenib is the unique accepted molecular targeted drug for the treatment of patients in advanced stage of hepatocellular carcinoma. The current study evaluated cell signaling regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) leading to autophagy and apoptosis induced by sorafenib. Sorafenib induced early (3–12 hr) ER stress characterized by an increase of Ser51P-eIF2α/eIF2α, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IRE1α, and sXBP1, but a decrease of activating transcription factor 6 expression, overall temporally associated with the increase of Thr183,Tyr185P-JNK1/2/JNK1/2, Thr172P-AMPKα, Ser413P-Foxo3a, Thr308P-AKt/AKt and Thr32P-Foxo3a/Foxo3a ratios, and reduction of Ser2481P-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR and protein translation. This pattern was related to a transient increase of tBid, Bim EL, Beclin-1, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, autophagy markers, and reduction of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression. The progressive increase of CHOP expression, and reduction of Thr308P-AKt/AKt and Ser473P-AKt/AKt ratios were associated with the reduction of autophagic flux and an additional upregulation of Bim EL expression and caspase-3 activity (24 hr). Small interfering-RNA (si-RNA) assays showed that Bim, but not Bak and Bax, was involved in the induction of caspase-3 in sorafenib-treated HepG2 cells. Sorafenib increased autophagic and apoptotic markers in tumor-derived xenograft model. In conclusion, the early sorafenib-induced ER stress and regulation of JNK and AMPK-dependent signaling were related to the induction of survival autophagic process. The sustained drug treatment induced a progressive increase of ER stress and PERK-CHOP-dependent rise of Bim EL, which was associated with the shift from autophagy to apoptosis. The kinetic of Bim EL expression profile might also be related to the tight balance between AKt- and AMPK-related signaling leading to Foxo3a-dependent BIM EL upregulation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2016‐75352‐PInstituto de Salud Carlos III PI15/00034, PI13/ 00021, PI16/00090, PI14/01349Ministerio de Educación FPU16/05127, FPU12/01433, FPU13/01237Junta de Andalucía CTS-6264, PI-00025-2013, PI-0127-2013, PI-0198-201

Estudio de la etiología de meningitis aséptica y meningoencefalitis en el Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, mediante estrategias de virología molecular

Antecedentes: La meningitis aséptica y la meningoencefalitis constituyen problemas de gran importancia clínica. Sus agentes etiológicos más frecuentes son los enterovirus (ECHOvirus, Coxsackievirus, Enterovirus no-polio), Togavirus, Flavivirus, Bunyavirus y otros grupos antes conocidos como ARBOvirus (Arthopod-borne viruses) y el virus del herpes humano. Objetivo: En este trabajo nos propusimos identificar, mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, los genomas virales de los virus del herpes simple (VHS tipos 1 y 2), del enterovirus y del virus del oeste del Nilo (VON) como causantes de meningitis aséptica y de meningoencefalitis. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 30 pacientes que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González durante el período de febrero de 2005 a junio de 2008. Se analizaron muestras de líquido cefalorraquídeo (2 mL) para buscar, mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, el genoma del enterovirus, del VHS tipos 1 y 2, y del virus del oeste del Nilo, siguiendo protocolos estandarizados. Resultados: Ninguno de los pacientes estudiados fue positivo para los virus buscados mediante amplificación por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Entre los datos clínicos relevantes encontramos que la presencia de estupor o el coma se relacionó significativamente con la muerte (p = 0.005). Encontramos, además, que tres muertes ocurrieron en el grupo de pacientes con meningoencefalitis (p = 0.021). Conclusiones: No encontramos el genoma de los virus analizados en el líquido cefalorraquídeo de los pacientes estudiados, probablemente debido al tamaño limitado de la muestra, a su calidad, o a diversos factores epidemiológicos en nuestra región. La información clínica y del laboratorio de los pacientes estudiados es similar a la que está publicada en estudios anteriores. Es necesario realizar estudios más amplios, incluyendo a un mayor número de pacientes que nos permitan conocer la etiología de este tipo de enfermedades en nuestra comunidad. Esto hará posible mejorar la metodología para el diagnóstico en los pacientes con patología del sistema nervioso central

Foundations, description and analysis of the situational questionnaire of strategies and goals for school conflicts resolution

[ES] El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un instrumento para evaluar las estrategias de re-solución utilizadas y las metas planteadas por el alumnado y el profesorado en los conflictos es-colares. Se optó por un cuestionario situacional porque conecta con las experiencias reales de ambos colectivos y facilita el diseño de programas para la resolución positiva de los conflictos en función de las necesidades detectadas. El instrumento (en sendas versiones para alumnado y profesorado) está conformado por seis tipos de conflictos escolares presentados en situaciones hipotéticas, adaptadas en cada versión. En cada situación se solicita la frecuencia de ocho estra-tegias (negociación, mediación, persuasión, adaptación con comprensión,afirmación de poder, violencia, evasión y aceptación con sumisión) y el grado de acuerdo con siete metas (relacional, cambio con internalización, cumplimiento de normas, valor académico, compensación, evitacióny punición) de resolución de conflictos. En cuanto a los análisis estadísticos, antes de realizar el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), se exploraron los datos obtenidos de 1143 estudiantes de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y 166 de sus profesores y profesoras en sus respectivas versiones del cuestionario, confirmando su adecuación. Los análisis factoriales identificaron en ambas versiones tres factores de estrategias (integrador, dominador y evi-tadordel malestar) y dos de metas (a largo y a corto plazo). Además, se realizaron diversos análisis de fiabilidad y validez de los datos, obteniéndose valores adecuados. Por tanto, se aporta una herramienta rigurosa, realista y sensible para evaluar la gestión del conflicto, tanto del alumnado como del profesorado, proporcionando claves para diseñar una intervención ajustada a las necesidades de ambos colectivos y de la escuela. [EN] The objective of this article is to offer an instrument to evaluate the resolution strategies used and the goals set by students and teachers in school conflicts. A situational questionnaire was chosen because it connects with the real experiences of both groups and facilitates the design of programs for the positive resolution of conflicts based on the needs detected. The instrument (in both versions for students and teachers) is made up of six types of school conflicts presented in hypothetical situations, adapted in each version. In each sit-uation the frequency on eight conflict resolution strategies is requested (negotiation, media-tion, persuasion, adaptation with understanding, affirmation of power, violence, evasion andacceptance with submission) and the degree of agreement with seven goals (relational, be-haviour change, rules fulfilment, academic value, compensation, avoidance and punishment). Regarding the statistical analyses, before carrying out the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the databases from the responses of 1143 ESO (Compulsory Secondary Education) students and 166 from their teachers to their respective versions of the questionnaire, were explored confirming their adequacy. The factor analyses identified in both versions three factors of strategies (integrating, dominating and avoiding discomfort) and two factors of goals (longand short term). In addition, various data validity and reliability analyses were carried out, ob-taining adequate values. Therefore, an accurate, realistic and sensitive instrument is provided to assess conflict management, both in students and teachers, supplying guides to design an intervention adjusted to needs of both groups and the school itself

Optical Temperature Sensor Capabilities of the Green Upconverted Luminescence of Er3+ in La3NbO7 Ceramic Powders

We present a study of the Er3+ upconverted luminescence in erbium doped Lanthanum Niobium Oxide, La3NbO7, ceramic powder, prepared by solid state reaction. This study focuses on the analysis of the feasibility of this system as a temperature sensor. Efficient UC luminescence was observed under the 975 nm excitation showing intense green, red and NIR (850 nm) emission bands. The NIR luminescence centred at about 850 nm and lying on the first biological window is mainly insensitive to the temperature. In contrast, the upconverted green bands, associated with the (2H11/2,4S3/2) !4I15/2 transitions, showed a high sensibility to temperature. Their temperature dependence was studied from RT up to 525 K, paying special attention to the physiological range of temperature (303–318 K). The high thermal sensitivities obtained, in comparison with other Er3+ and Er3+-Yb3+ based optical temperature sensors in such ranges, suggest the potential application of this phosphor in thermal sensing, suitable for both biological systems and other industrial applications requiring higher temperatures.This research has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN) through the Spanish projects RTI2018-101020-B-100 and PID2019- 106383GB-C44, by the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3Min the line of Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3MXX) and in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation) by the Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI) (ProID2017010078). M.A.H.-R. thanks MINECO for the FPI grant (BES-2014-068666). U.R.R.-M. thanks Gobierno de Canarias and EU-FEDER for grant ProID2020010067

Transversalidad de las técnicas de modelado matemático en Farmacia con la ayuda de una hoja de cálculo

The implementation of the EHEA in Pharmacy studies will lead to foster student self-learning. This way the student abilities to apply knowledge, learned in some subjects, to search knowledge in any other will be tested. Among such applicative knowledge, we can consider the mathematical modelling techniques, included in the field of Mathematics. This article draws attention to the usefulness of popular spreadsheets for Pharmacy students interested in the application of mathematical modelling techniques. Roughly speaking, a pharmacy student will probably have to perform mathematical calculations and experimental data visualizations, especially in the practice syllabus of some of his subjects. The use of software is important in this respect, not only in the learning step of the mathematical concepts in the corresponding math subject, but also in its application to other Pharmacy subjects. What application software can be chosen for the students? Although there are many candidates, a spreadsheet offers some capabilities that make it ideal for a Pharmacy student: short learning time, wide availability on different computer platforms and flexibility to carry out a variety of computational tasks. Finally, we present a Web page which provides self-learning material to Pharmacy students for harnessing the potential offered by the spreadsheets Excel (Microsoft Office) and Calc (OpenOffice.org) in the study of their subjects in Pharmacy.La implantación del EEES en las titulaciones en Farmacia va a significar la potenciación del autoaprendizaje por parte del alumno. Esto va a poner a prueba la capacidad de aplicar conocimientos adquiridos en unas materias, para entender y conocer otras. Entre dichos conocimientos, se encuentran las técnicas de modelado matemático, incluidas en el campo de las Matemáticas. El presente artículo reflexiona acerca de la utilidad de las populares hojas de cálculo como software dirigido al alumno. Un alumno de Farmacia, probablemente, tendrá que realizar cálculos matemáticos y representaciones gráficas con datos experimentales, muy especialmente en las prácticas de algunas de sus asignaturas. La utilización de un software es, en este sentido, especialmente importante, no sólo en la fase de aprendizaje de dichos conocimientos matemáticos en la correspondiente asignatura del título, sino a la hora de disponer de una herramienta que facilite su aplicación en otras. ¿Qué software podemos elegir para el alumno? A pesar de que existen multitud de candidatos, una hoja de cálculo reúne una serie de características que la hacen idónea para un alumno de Farmacia: corto tiempo de aprendizaje, amplia disponibilidad en distintas plataformas y flexibilidad para poder realizar una gran diversidad de tareas, entre otras propiedades. Finalmente, como ejemplo se presenta una página Web, http://www.ugr.es/~focana/farmaspreadsheet.htm, que facilita material para ayudar al alumno de Farmacia a aprovechar las posibilidades que ofrecen las hojas de cálculo Excel (Microsoft Office) y Calc (OpenOffice.org) en el estudio de sus asignaturas en Farmacia

The Conditions Needed for a Buffer to Set the pH in a System

It is a known fact that buffer systems are widely used in industry and in diverse laboratories to maintain the pH of a system within desired limits, occasionally narrow. Hence, the aim of the present work is to study the buffer capacity and buffer efficacy in order to determine the useful conditions to impose the pH on a given system. This study is based on the electroneutrality and component balance equations for a mixture of protons polyreceptors. The added volume equations were established, V, for strong acids or bases, as well as the buffer capacity equations with dilution effect, β dil, and the buffer efficacy, ε, considering that the analyte contains a mixture of the species of the same polyacid system or of various polyacid systems. The ε index is introduced to define the performance of a buffer solution and to find out for certain, whether the buffer is adequate or not to set the pH of a system, given the proper conditions and characteristics

Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "Pepe Portilla". Un recorrido por su historia / "Pepe Portilla" Children Provincial Teaching Hospital: a journey around its history

Se puede ser buen alumno, trabajador, técnico o profesional sin conocer la historia, pero evidentemente, se puede ser aún mejor conociéndola. Con el fin de impedir se ignore o el paso del tiempo borre la significación de los acontecimientos que son pilares de la medicina de la provincia, se realizó la búsqueda de datos sobre la historia del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente Pepe Portilla, de los centros que le antecedieron, aspectos fundamentales de la docencia, acorde a la evolución del Sistema Nacional de Salud, hasta la actualidad y la razón de su nombre. Se empleó como instrumento en la investigación la entrevista personal a trabajadores del centro y otros datos vinculados con su evolución histórica, obtenidos de buscadores electrónicos. La evolución de la Pediatría en la provincia estuvo relacionada con los cambios sociales en las diferentes épocas; fue notable el desarrollo alcanzado al triunfo de la Revolución en la preparación de profesionales y técnicos. El hospital "Pepe Portilla" constituye un pilar fundamental en la atención de la población infantil y se distingue por la formación de recursos humanos de reconocida certificación en la especialidad, para la atención infantil en la provincia de Pinar del Río y otros países, con una historia acumulada digna de ser divulgada.Palabras clave: HISTORIA DE LA MEDICINA, ENSEÑANZA.ABSTRACTBeing a good pupil, worker, technician or professional without history knowledge could be possible, but it is obvious, that one can better knowing about the history. This study was aimed at preventing ignorance or that the pass of time erases the significance of the events which are considered mainstays of medicine in the province. A search of data about the history of "Pepe Portilla" Children Provincial Teaching Hospital was carried out, about the predecessor institutions, and the fundamental aspects of teaching activity considering the evolution of Health National System, till present times and the reason for its name. Personal interview to workers and other data linked to its historical evolution through electronic search engines were used. The evolution of Pediatrics in the province was related to the social changes in different periods of time; the triumph of Revolution marked a development in the training of health professionals and technicians. "Pepe Portilla" hospital constitutes a fundamental pillar in children medical care, standing out for training human resources of recognized certification in the specialty, to the medical care of children from all over the province and other countries, which history is worthy of being spread.Key words: HISTORY OF MEDICINE, TEACHING