Cataluña y el Real Patronato en el siglo XVIII

Detallada descripción del Real Patronato en el Principado de Cataluña durante el siglo XVIII. El autor divide el marco de esta regalía en tres atribuciones: el nombramiento de beneficios eclesiásticos, la disposición de una parte de las rentas para la concesión de pensiones y la protección de la Iglesia catalana de cualquier forma de abuso.Al llarg d'aquest article, es fa una detallada descripció del funcionament del Reial Patronat a Catalunya durant el segle XVIII. L'autor divideix aquesta regalia en tres atribucions: el nomenament de beneficis eclesiàstics, la disposició d'una part de les rendes per a la concessió de pensions i la protecció a l'Església catalana de qualsevol forma d'abús.Focusing on ecclesiastic benefices, royal uses of ecclesiastic revenues and the pretext of royal protection of the Church, this article describes how the so-called Real Patronato - Royal Patronage - functioned in Catalonia during the eighteenth century

Performance evaluation of space-time block coding using a realistic mobile radio channel

This paper presents a performance evaluation of space-time block coding (STBC) employing a realistic mobile radio channel model in macrocellular and urban environments. The bit error rate (BER) is computed by Monte-Carlo simulations in the down-link to evaluate its sensitivity to channel correlation. We consider a horizontal uniform linear array at the base station (BS) formed by up to four antenna elements, and one and two uncorrelated antenna elements at the mobile station (MS). The channel model includes the probability density function (pdf) of the azimuth and delay of the impinging waves and their expected power conditioned on the azimuth and delay. The statistical properties of the model are extracted from macrocellular measurements made in urban environments. Simulation results show that the use of STBC can provide significant gains with acceptable sensitivity to the channel correlation under realistic conditions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Are Socially Responsible Behaviors Paid Off Equally? A Cross‐cultural Analysis

Based on the strong influence that national culture has on corporate social and responsibility (CSR) actions (institutional theory), it is necessary to study how the financial outcomes of CSR actions could be affected by these cultural characteristics. This fact is particularly interesting for managers whose companies operate in different cultures given that they have to deal with this aspect. The aim of this paper is to analyze the moderator role that national culture could have on the CSR and firm performance (CSR‐FP) relationship through a meta‐analysis, hence helping to clarify the debate existing about this relationship in the literature. The results show that this relationship is greatly affected by national culture. In this sense, countries with a high assertiveness and gender egalitarianism show a very negative relationship. Nevertheless, those with a higher future orientation, institutional collectivism, and a humane orientation reveal a positive correlation which reaches its maximum value in those countries with a high uncertainty avoidance

Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

Based on the geographic limitations of previous meta-analysis made about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Financial Performance (FP) and on the evidence found in previous work on the country's influence in this relationship, the aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between these two variables studying the possible moderating effect that the country variable may have on it. By the use of the cultural dimensions of GLOBE (2004), we classify the countries, and test the hypothesis through the statistical technique of meta-analysis. The results show that the country where the companies are home-based moderates the relationship between CSR and FP. In particular from the results, we can conclude that while in Australia, Canada, USA and the United Kingdom the relationship is stronger and larger, in some countries, such as Japan, there is no relationship

The impact of the economic crisis on the environmental responsibility of the companies

The severe economic crisis is affecting significantly to the environment in which companies have to continue with their business. Consequently, academicians and managers are worried about what is going to happen with the Social Responsibility and particularly with the Environmental Responsibility, due to the decrease in the financial performance of the companies. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of the crisis on the environmental behavior of the Spanish companies through an explicative study, deepening in the comparison between the years 2006 and 2010. As a result, Spanish companies continue carrying out behaving in an environmentally friendly way because their Environmental Scores are growing, despite the decline of the Financial Performance. Moreover, it is identified a change in the factors that affect to the environmental behavior due to the identification of less dependence on corporate financial performance

Frequency doubling of femtosecond pulses in walk-off compensated npp

Summary form only given. N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-prolinol (NPP) is an organic molecular crystal developped by molecular engineering, that exhibits one of the highest phase-matchable second-order susceptibilities reported so far in the near-infrared spectral range (d/sub eff//spl ap/56 pm/V). However, the large spatial and temporal walk-off existing in NPP can limit severely the usefulness of the material away from the noncritical phase-matching (ncpm) wavelength and for shorter pulses. Here we show that subpicosecond pulses can be efficiently frequency-doubled and mixed in NPP with moderate pump intensities, by employing tilted pulse techniques. These techniques make use of the large Poynting vector walk-off exhibited by NPP crystals outside the ncpm. Such techniques are based on the diffraction of the input pump wave by a grating so that each spectral component is dispersed in a different direction, thus the resulting signal is a tilted pulse.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

La protección social de los inmigrantes no comunitarios

The presence in Spain of nearly three million inmigrants, the vast majority of them coming from poor developing countries, creates social challenges of considerable scope. One of them is their integration into our current social protection system. In other words how their social rights are being materialized and how are taking place possible ways of social exclusion. This paper analyses the theoretic and institutional setting in order to understand the integration of non European immigrants on our Spanish Welfare State with special reference to the process of accessibility to health system and personal social services. Lastly, it evaluates any possible breaks and exclusion on this process of social integration.La presencia en España de casi tres millones de inmigrantes, en su gran mayoría procedentes de países pobres o en vías de desarrollo, plantea retos sociales de amplia envergadura. Uno de ellos es la integración en el actual sistema de protección social de España o lo que es lo mismo cómo se está teniendo lugar la materialización de los derechos sociales de este colectivo y los procesos de exclusión que se producen en dicho proceso. En este trabajo se analiza el marco teórico e institucional en el que analizar y comprender la integración de los inmigrantes no comunitarios en el Estado de Bienestar en España, el desarrollo concreto del proceso de accesibilidad en los sistemas de protección social con referencia especial al sistema sanitario y los servicios sociales. Finalmente, se hace una evaluación de las lagunas protectoras y los procesos de exclusión que tienen lugar en la integración de los inmigrantes en nuestro sistema de bienestar

Proyecto Red Visibilia, un nuevo enfoque en la difusión del patrimonio artístico andaluz

Actas del Segundo Congreso Internacional sobre Imagen, Cultura y Tecnología celebrado del 20 al 22 de octubre de 2010 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridLas nuevas herramientas de información se han convertido en el escaparate en el todo está expuesto, por ello y tras analizar las deficiencias con que el patrimonio cultural andaluz está siendo presentado al gran público, hemos considerado replantear la estrategia de promoción de unos bienes que presentan varias deficiencias, bien en la accesibilidad a la información, en la calidad de la misma o en su actualización. Al hablar de patrimonio, tradicionalmente se recurre a dos enfoques bien delimitados: a) Turístico, en el que el gran público accede a varios nivel de conocimiento homogéneos. b) Científico, circunscrito al ámbito de la investigación y pensado para un público restringido.Publicad

Characterization of Cattle Farms for Rural Extension Work in Ecuador I. Determination of the main heterogeneities

ABSTRACTEighty-two cattle farmers were surveyed to determine the main variables involved in cattle farm heterogeneity for rural extension work in Chunchi canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador. The dimension reduction method suggested by Cabrera  et al.  (2004) was applied. Eight factors derived from the study: PCA (4) was made  to variables invest-ment in pastures and monthly milk income (F1); cattle fattening time (F2); total area (F3), and related farm members (F4). Whereas MCA (4) included variables missing indispensable service and applicability of state of the art techno l-ogy on the farm (D1); personnel in emergency situations (D2); breed or crossbreds (D3), and farm technology (D4)