Aproximación histórica a la crisis de la codificación del Derecho Internacional

El presente artículo ofrece una aproximación histórica inicial al tema de la crisis de la codificación del derecho internacional. Incluye una periodización realizada por las autoras, donde se esbozan las características de este fenómeno en cada etapa. Así mismo, se aborda el rol jugado por la Comisión de Derecho Internacional (CDI) en el proceso codificador del derecho internacional

Aproximación histórica a la crisis de la codificación del Derecho Internacional

This article provides an initial historical approach to the issue of the crisis of international codification of international law. It includes a periodization made by the authors, outlining the characteristics of the international codification process at each stage. It also addresses the role played by the ILC in the process of codification of international law.El presente artículo ofrece una aproximación histórica inicial al tema de la crisis de la codificación del derecho internacional. Incluye una periodización realizada por las autoras, donde se esbozan las características de este fenómeno en cada etapa. Así mismo, se aborda el rol jugado por la Comisión de Derecho Internacional (CDI) en el proceso codificador del derecho internacional

Calidad de atención de enfermería y satisfacción del paciente en el servicio de emergencia de un hospital nacional de Lima-Perú

The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between the quality of nursing care with the satisfaction of patients in the emergency service of a national hospital in the city of Lima, Peru. Regarding the methodology, a study of the hypothetical deductive method was developed, with a quantitative approach, of an applied type, of a non-experimental design, of a correlational level and of a cross section; in a sample 105 patients; the instruments that allowed data collection were two questionnaires, the first called Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire and the second modified SERVQUAL Questionnaire. According to the results; Regarding the quality of nursing care, 53.3% presented a high level of quality of care and 46.7% reached a medium level of quality of nursing care. Regarding the level of satisfaction in patients of the emergency service; 86.7% were satisfied and 13.3% were dissatisfied. On the other hand, when relating the dimensions of the nursing care quality variable, a relationship was found between the technical/scientific, human, and environment dimensions. It is concluded by determining that there is a relationship between the quality of nursing care and patient satisfaction; with a p-value result equal to 0.001.La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la calidad de atención de enfermería con la satisfacción de los pacientes del servicio de emergencia de un hospital nacional en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. En cuanto a la metodología se desarrolló un estudio de método hipotético deductivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicado, de diseño no experimental, de nivel correlacional y de corte transversal; en una muestra 105 pacientes; los instrumentos que permitieron recoger los datos fueron dos cuestionarios, el primero denominado Cuestionario de la calidad de atención en enfermería y el segundo Cuestionario SERVQUAL modificado. Según los resultados; en lo que respecta a la calidad de cuidado de enfermería, el 53.3% presentaron un nivel alto de calidad de atención y el 46,7% alcanzaron un nivel medio de calidad de atención de enfermería. Respecto al nivel de satisfacción en pacientes del servicio de emergencias; el 86,7% presentaron satisfacción y el 13,3% evidenciaron insatisfacción. Por otra parte al relacionar las dimensiones de la variable calidad de cuidado enfermero, se encontró relación entre las dimensiones técnico/científico, humana y entorno. Se concluye determinando que existe relación entre la calidad de atención de enfermería y la satisfacción de los pacientes; con un resultado del valor de p igual a 0,001

Diagnostic Performance of a Fecal Immunochemical Test-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program According to Ambient Temperature and Humidity

Hemoglobin degradation can be affected by ambient temperature and humidity. How this modifies the advanced neoplasia detection rate and interval cancer rate remains understudied. We conducted a retrospective study and analyzed the impact of ambient temperature and humidity on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) positivity rate, detection rate for advanced neoplasia, and interval colorectal cancer (CRC). The results of our study indicated that at >24 degrees C, the positivity rate was lower, whereas the detection rate of the FIT for advanced neoplasia and the interval cancer detection rate were not affected, probably because we have adopted measures to minimize the impact of ambient temperature on FIT sensitivity. Humidity did not affect FIT sensitivity. The results emphasize the importance of organizational efforts on the procedures along the screening process (such as the cold chain) to minimize the effect of seasonal variations in temperature on the positivity rate. Exposure of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) to different ambient temperatures and humidity is unavoidable in population-based screening programs in Southern European countries, and it could lead to a decrease in target colorectal lesions. The objective was to evaluate the effect of ambient temperature and humidity on the FIT sensitivity in a population-based screening program for colorectal cancer (CRC) using an ecological design. The retrospective cohort included individuals aged 50-69 years who participated in CRC screening (Barcelona) from 2010-2015, and were followed until 2017 to identify interval CRCs. The positivity rate, and detection rates for advanced polyps and CRC were compared according to ambient temperature, humidity, and quarters of the year. A positive FIT was defined as the detection of >= 20 mu g Hb/g in feces. The monthly ambient temperature and humidity were recorded on the day that the FIT was performed. In total, 92,273 FIT results from 53,860 participants were analyzed. The FIT positivity rate was lower at >24 degrees C than at <= 24 degrees C (p = 0.005) but was not affected by humidity. The temperature's impact on positivity did not lead to a decrease in the FIT detection rate for advanced neoplasia or the interval cancer detection rate in a program where the samples were refrigerated until the analysis and screening invitations were discontinued in July and August

Accelerating magnetic induction tomography‐based imaging through heterogeneous parallel computing

Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) is a non‐invasive imaging technique, which has applications in both industrial and clinical settings. In essence, it is capable of reconstructing the electromagnetic parameters of an object from measurements made on its surface. With the exploitation of parallelism, it is possible to achieve high quality inexpensive MIT images for biomedical applications on clinically relevant time scales. In this paper we investigate the performance of different parallel implementations of the forward eddy current problem, which is the main computational component of the inverse problem through which measured voltages are converted into images. We show that a heterogeneous parallel method that exploits multiple CPUs and GPUs can provide a high level of parallel scaling, leading to considerably improved runtimes. We also show how multiple GPUs can be used in conjunction with deal.II, a widely‐used open source finite element library

Use of the Meganuclease I-SceI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to select for gene deletions in actinomycetes

The search for new natural products is leading to the isolation of novel actinomycete species, many of which will ultimately require genetic analysis. Some of these isolates will likely exhibit low intrinsic frequencies of homologous recombination and fail to sporulate under laboratory conditions, exacerbating the construction of targeted gene deletions and replacements in genetically uncharacterised strains. To facilitate the genetic manipulation of such species, we have developed an efficient method to generate gene or gene cluster deletions in actinomycetes by homologous recombination that does not introduce any other changes to the targeted organism's genome. We have synthesised a codon optimised I-SceI gene for expression in actinomycetes that results in the production of the yeast I-SceI homing endonuclease which produces double strand breaks at a unique introduced 18 base pair recognition sequence. Only those genomes that undergo homologous recombination survive, providing a powerful selection for recombinants, approximately half of which possess the desired mutant genotype. To demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the system, we deleted part of the gene cluster for the red-pigmented undecylprodiginine complex of compounds in Streptomyces coelicolor M1141. We believe that the system we have developed will be broadly applicable across a wide range of actinomycetes

Gestión universitaria del conocimiento y la innovación para el desarrollo local

Resultado de la vinculación de la sede universitaria municipal (SUM)-sede central-territorio del municipio de Aguada de Pasajeros, provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba, se desarrollaron cinco proyectos en: energía, desarrollo agrario sostenible, aplicación de modelos y técnicas cuantitativas en gestión empresarial, gestión integrada de la actividad científica, tecnológica y medioambiental y gestión de la capacitación y el posgrado desde la SUM. Se partió del banco de problemas del municipio y de la solicitud de su Consejo de Administración municipal, con el objetivo de fundamentar científicamente la estrategia de desarrollo local Aguada por la Calidad de Vida, con sus 8 subproyectos. Se perfeccionó la gestión del conocimiento, la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación universitaria en condiciones de universalización. Se capacitó a actores locales en diferentes áreas del saber; se estudió la interrelación entre procesos de la economía local, gestión del conocimiento, innovación y desarrollo del patrimonio social comunitario; se promovieron alternativas para articular una estrategia de desarrollo local a partir del potencial de recursos humanos; se diagnosticaron recursos locales, potencialidades, demandas, limitaciones y problemas del desarrollo. Los resultados reafirmaron la importancia de la SUM en el territorio como institución innovadora y el valor del trabajo unido de varios organismos