Growth, Distribution, Stability and Government Budget Surplus: The Extended Cambridge Equation Revisited

In the late 80’s Pasinetti showed that the essential feature of the Cambridge Equation is preserved in his model of growth and income distribution with balanced or unbalanced budget. He did not work out both the share of incomes and the conditions of stability and was not formally concerned with a permanent budget surplus. The present paper deals with the case of a closed economy in which, besides direct taxation, indirect taxation on government’s own expenditures is explicitly considered and the government saves permanently at a given rate. The extended Cambridge Equation and the share of profits are obtained. It is also shown that the stability result requires additional assumptions. Boundary conditions are introduced and the long-run local stability result is attained, thus corroborating the generality and robustness of Pasinetti’s original insight.Budget Surplus, Cambridge Equation, Growth, Distribution, Stability

Good fences make good neighbors: an investigation on the place of law and its limits in the context of the Brazilian private law movement Escola do Direito Civil-Constitucional

In this paper, an analysis of Robert Frost’s poem Mending Wall is presented as a hermeneutical key to investigate and criticize two examples of the oblivion of the reasonable distinction and the reasonable relationship between ethics and law proposed by a new Brazilian private law movement called Escola do Direito Civil-Constitucional (The Private-Constitutional School of Thought). Those examples of unreasonable relationship between ethics and law are: 1) the right to be loved and 2) the right to get a private education without paying for it

A multi-sector version of the Post-Keynesian growth model

With this inquiry we seek to develop a disaggregated version of the post-Keynesian approach to economic growth, by showing that indeed it can be treated as a particular case of the Pasinettian model of structural change and economic expansion. By relying upon vertical integration it becomes possible to carry out the analysis initiated by Kaldor (1956) and Robinson (1956, 1962), and followed by Dutt (1984), Rowthorn (1982) and later Bhaduri and Marglin (1990) in a multi-sectoral model in which demand and productivity increase at different paces in each sector. By adopting this approach it is possible to show that the structural economic dynamics is conditioned not only to patterns of evolving demand and diffusion of technological progress but also to the distributive features of the economy, which can give rise to different regimes of economic growth. Besides, we find it possible to determine the natural rate of profit that makes the mark-up rate to be constant over time.Post-Keynesian growth model, structural change, multi-sector models

Decisions on investment allocation in the post-Keynesian growth models

In this article the analysis developed by Feldman (1928) and Mahalanobis (1953) are incorporated to the Post-Keynesian Growth Model to consider the decisions of investment allocation on economic growth. By adopting this approach it is possible to study the interaction between distributive features and investment allocation which allows us to determine the rate of investment allocation according to the equilibrium decisions of investment and savings. Finally, an additional condition is added to the Post Keynesian Growth Model in order to fully characterise the equilibrium path in an extended version of this framework, where capital goods are also needed to produce capital goods.Post-Keynesian growth model, structural change, multi-sector models

Little-Parks oscillations near a persistent current loop

We investigate the Little-Parks oscillations caused by a persistent current loop set on the top edge of a mesoscopic superconducting thin-walled cylinder with a finite height. For a short cylinder the Little-Parks oscillations are approximately the same ones as the standard effect, as there is only one magnetic flux piercing the cylinder. For a tall cylinder the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field makes different magnetic fluxes pierce the cylinder at distinct heights and we show here that this produces two distinct Little-Parks oscillatory regimes according to the persistent current loop. We show that these two regimes, and also the transition between them, are observable in current measurements done in the superconducting cylinder. The two regimes stem from different behavior along the height, as seen in the order parameter, numerically obtained from the Ginzburg-Landau theory through the finite element methodComment: 13 pages, 12 figure

Paramagnetic excited vortex states in superconductors

We consider excited vortex states, which are vortex states left inside a superconductor once the external applied magnetic field is switched off and whose energy is lower than of the normal state. We show that this state is paramagnetic and develop here a general method to obtain its Gibbs free energy through conformal mapping. The solution for any number of vortices in any cross section geometry can be read off from the Schwarz - Christoffel mapping. The method is based on the first order equations used by A. Abrikosov to discover vortices.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Ground truth determination for segmentation of tomographic volumes using interpolation

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia BiomédicaOptical projection tomographic microscopy allows for a 3D analysis of individual cells, making it possible to study its morphology. The 3D imagining technique used in this thesis uses white light excitation to image stained cells, and is referred to as single-cell optical computed tomography (cell CT). Studies have shown that morphological characteristics of the cell and its nucleus are deterministic in cancer diagnoses. For a more complete and accurate analysis of these characteristics, a fully-automated analysis of the single-cell 3D tomographic images can be done. The first step is segmenting the image into the different cell components. To assess how accurate the segmentation is, there is a need to determine ground truth of the automated segmentation. This dissertation intends to expose a method of obtaining ground truth for 3D segmentation of single cells. This was achieved by developing a software in CSharp. The software allows the user to input a visual segmentation of each 2D slice of a 3D volume by using a pen to trace the visually identified boundary of a cell component on a tablet. With this information, the software creates a segmentation of a 3D tomographic image that is a result of human visual segmentation. To increase the speed of this process, interpolation algorithms can be used. Since it is very time consuming to draw on every slice the user can skip slices. Interpolation algorithms are used to interpolate on the skipped slices. Five different interpolation algorithms were written: Linear Interpolation, Gaussian splat, Marching Cubes, Unorganized Points, and Delaunay Triangulation. To evaluate the performance of each interpolation algorithm the following evaluation metrics were used: Jaccard Similarity, Dice Coefficient, Specificity and Sensitivity.After evaluating each interpolation method we concluded that linear interpolation was the most accurate interpolation method, producing the best segmented volume for a faster ground truth determination method