1,036 research outputs found
Surface ruptures on cross-faults in the 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquake sequence
Left-lateral slip occurred on individual surface breaks along northeast-trending faults associated with the 24 November 1987 earthquake sequence in the Superstition Hills, Imperial Valley, California. This sequence included the M_s = 6.2 event on a left-lateral, northeast-trending “cross-fault” between the Superstition Hills fault (SHF) and Brawley seismic zone, which was spatially associated with the left-lateral surface breaks. Six distinct subparallel cross-faults broke at the surface, with rupture lengths ranging from about Formula to 10 km and maximum displacements ranging from 30 to 130 mm. About half a day after the M_s = 6.2 event, an M_s = 6.6 earthquake nucleated near the intersection of the cross-faults with the SHF, and rupture propagated southeast along the SHF. Whereas right-lateral slip on the SHF occurred dominantly on a single trace in a narrow zone, the cross-fault surface slip was distributed over several stands across a 10-km-wide zone. Also, whereas afterslip accounted for a large proportion of total slip on the SHF, there is no evidence for afterslip on the cross-faults. We present documentation of these surface ruptures. A simple mechanical model of faulting illustrates how the foreshock sequence may have triggered the main rupture. Displacement on other cross-faults could trigger an event on the southern San Andreas fault by a similar mechanism in the future
Temperature dependence of strain in ZnSe(epilayer)/GaAs(epilayer)
doi:10.1063/1.360477A study of biaxial strain as a function of temperature in a ZnSe epilayer grown on a GaAs substrate is presented. The strains are determined by measuring the heavy‐ and light‐hole related excitonic transitions via photomodulated spectroscopy. The strain is found to increase with increasing temperature. The data are compared with a calculation using a previously determined elastic constant and thermal expansion coefficients. The temperature dependence determined here allows a comparison of various other optical measurements performed at different temperatures.The work by H. R. C. was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-89ER45402. M. C. acknowledges the support from the U.S.
Army Research Office DAAL-03-92-G0381. A. K.. R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (Materials Research Group No. DMR89-13706) and R. L. G.
from AFOSR-89-0438; both A. K. R. and R. L. G. also acknowledge support from DARPA-URI Grant No. 218-25015. We thank Lok C. Lew Yan Voon and L. R. Ram-Mohan for many stimulating discussions
What a difference a term makes:the effect of educational attainment on marital outcomes in the UK
Abstract In the past, students in England and Wales born within the first 5 monthsof the academic year could leave school one term earlier than those born later inthe year. Focusing on women, those who were required to stay on an extra termmore frequently hold some academic qualification. Using having been required tostay on as an exogenous factor affecting academic attainment, we find that holding alow-level academic qualification has no effect on the probability of being currentlymarried for women aged 25 or above, but increases the probability of the husbandholding some academic qualification and being economically active.33 Halama
A Tonnetz Model for pentachords
This article deals with the construction of surfaces that are suitable for
representing pentachords or 5-pitch segments that are in the same class.
It is a generalization of the well known \"Ottingen-Riemann torus for triads of
neo-Riemannian theories. Two pentachords are near if they differ by a
particular set of contextual inversions and the whole contextual group of
inversions produces a Tiling (Tessellation) by pentagons on the surfaces. A
description of the surfaces as coverings of a particular Tiling is given in the
twelve-tone enharmonic scale case.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure
Development of a Premixed Combustion Capability for Scramjet Combustion Experiments
Hypersonic air-breathing engines rely on scramjet combustion processes, which involve high speed, compressible, and highly turbulent flows. The combustion environment and the turbulent flames at the heart of these engines are difficult to simulate and study in the laboratory under well controlled conditions. Typically, wind-tunnel testing is performed that more closely approximates engine testing rather than a careful investigation of the underlying physics that drives the combustion process. The experiments described in this paper, along with companion data sets being developed separately, aim to isolate the chemical kinetic effects from the fuel-air mixing process in a dual-mode scramjet combustion environment. A unique fuel injection approach is taken that produces a nearly uniform fuel-air mixture at the entrance to the combustor. This approach relies on the precombustion shock train upstream of the dual-mode scramjet combustor. A stable ethylene flame anchored on a cavity flameholder with a uniformly mixed combustor inflow has been achieved in these experiments allowing numerous companion studies involving coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) to be performed
Development of a Premixed Combustion Capability for Dual-Mode Scramjet Experiments
Hypersonic airbreathing engines rely on scramjet combustion processes, which involve high-speed, compressible, and highly turbulent reacting flows. The combustion environment and the turbulent flames at the heart of these engines are difficult to simulate and study in the laboratory under well-controlled conditions. Typically, wind-tunnel testing is performed that more closely approximates engine development rather than a careful investigation of the underlying physics that drives the combustion process. The experiments described in this paper, along with companion datasets, aim to isolate the chemical kinetic effects and turbulencechemistry interaction from the fuelair mixing process in a dual-mode scramjet combustion environment. A unique fuel-injection approach is adopted that produces a uniform fuelair mixture at the entrance to the combustor and results in premixed combustion. This approach relies on the mixing enhancement of a precombustion shock train upstream of the dual-mode scramjets combustor. For the first time, a stable flame, anchored on a cavity flameholder, is reported for a scramjet combustor operating in premixed fuelair mode. The new experimental capability has enabled numerous companion studies involving advanced diagnostics such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, particle image velocimetry, and planar laser-induced fluorescence
Measurement of the Boson Mass
A measurement of the mass of the boson is presented based on a sample of
5982 decays observed in collisions at
= 1.8~TeV with the D\O\ detector during the 1992--1993 run. From a
fit to the transverse mass spectrum, combined with measurements of the
boson mass, the boson mass is measured to be .Comment: 12 pages, LaTex, style Revtex, including 3 postscript figures
(submitted to PRL
Measurement of the Top Quark Mass Using Dilepton Events
The D0 collaboration has performed a measurement of the top quark mass based
on six candidate events for the process t tbar -> b W+ bbar W-, where the W
bosons decay to e nu or mu nu. This sample was collected during an exposure of
the D0 detector to an integrated luminosity of 125 pb^-1 of sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV
p-pbar collisions. We obtain mt = 168.4 +- 12.3 (stat) +- 3.7 (sys) GeV/c^2,
consistent with the measurement obtained using single-lepton events.
Combination of the single-lepton and dilepton results yields mt = 172.0 +- 7.5
GeV/c^2.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Probing BFKL Dynamics in the Dijet Cross Section at Large Rapidity Intervals in ppbar Collisions at sqrt{s}=1800 and 630 GeV
Inclusive dijet production at large pseudorapidity intervals (delta_eta)
between the two jets has been suggested as a regime for observing BFKL
dynamics. We have measured the dijet cross section for large delta_eta in ppbar
collisions at sqrt{s}=1800 and 630 GeV using the DO detector. The partonic
cross section increases strongly with the size of delta_eta. The observed
growth is even stronger than expected on the basis of BFKL resummation in the
leading logarithmic approximation. The growth of the partonic cross section can
be accommodated with an effective BFKL intercept of
a_{BFKL}(20GeV)=1.65+/-0.07.Comment: Published in Physical Review Letter
Direct Measurement of the Top Quark Mass at D0
We determine the top quark mass m_t using t-tbar pairs produced in the D0
detector by \sqrt{s} = 1.8 TeV p-pbar collisions in a 125 pb^-1 exposure at the
Fermilab Tevatron. We make a two constraint fit to m_t in t-tbar -> b W^+bbar
W^- final states with one W boson decaying to q-qbar and the other to e-nu or
mu-nu. Likelihood fits to the data yield m_t(l+jets) = 173.3 +- 5.6 (stat) +-
5.5 (syst) GeV/c^2. When this result is combined with an analysis of events in
which both W bosons decay into leptons, we obtain m_t = 172.1 +- 5.2 (stat) +-
4.9 (syst) GeV/c^2. An alternate analysis, using three constraint fits to fixed
top quark masses, gives m_t(l+jets) = 176.0 +- 7.9 (stat) +- 4.8 (syst)
GeV/C^2, consistent with the above result. Studies of kinematic distributions
of the top quark candidates are also presented.Comment: 43 pages, 53 figures, 33 tables. RevTeX. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
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