Meta-analysis: hydroxychloroquine therapy approach with or without azithromycin against covid-19

Objective: identify and analyse the evidences about the use of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in covid-19. Methods: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis using posted articles in December 2019 until May 2020. The research was formulated by a question structured using PICO strategy, in these data bases: BVS, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF e SCIELO. Results and discussion: Resulted in 9 articles founded by the PRISMA, approaching 4182 patients. PICO strategy selected and analysed 5 articles projected in Forest plots. Resulting in tree clinical trials (RR: 1.15; IC95%, 0.76 a 1.73), which did not found big differences in the outcome in the groups of patients who used HCQ with or without AZT, comparing with the control group. Two studies analysed the number of deaths/intubations in comparative group, experimental group and control (RR:1.86; IC: 95%, 1.54 a 2.26) resulting in more chance of death /intubation in patients who used HCQ. Conclusion: It was found that is not possible to prove the efficacy of these drugs, due to the limited number of randomized and controlled clinical trials. Therefore, the encourage of scientific production about the HCQ and AZT against Covid-19 is more than necessary

Diagnóstico pré-natal de doenças genéticas / Pré natal diagnostic of genetic disease

O diagnóstico pré-natal de doenças genéticas envolve exames invasivos, testes de rastreamento e métodos de triagem, para acompanhamento da viabilidade fetal durante o período gestacional. Neste artigo de revisão foram enfatizadas as principais indicações, contra-indicações, complicações, diferenças entre cada um dos procedimentos. Idade materna, período gestacional, presença de anomalia genética na família são os principais pré-requisitos para a escolha do método mais adequado a ser utilizado, sendo de caráter obrigatório o prévio conhecimento dos pais a respeito do risco-benefício do mesmo. O aconselhamento genético para este tipo de exame diagnóstico é de fundamental importância uma vez que o resultado pode mudar completamente as perspectivas de uma família. Esse tema é rodeado de questionamentos éticos visto que a vida de um concepto encontra-se em questão.

Resistência a antibióticos mediada por plasmídeos / Plasmide-mediated resistance to antibiotics

Resistência bacteriana à agentes antimicrobianos é um problema mundial sério, e entendendo a base molecular de como os genes responsáveis  pela resistência são adquiridos  e transmitidos, pode-se  contribuir com a criação de novas estratégias antimicrobianas. Um mecanismo eficiente para a aquisição e disseminação de determinantes de resistência é a transmissão por elementos genéticos móveis (plasmídeos). Verificou-se que plasmídeos, transposons através de conjugação, são responsáveis pela expansão horizontal de genes de resistência ao longo das gerações de bactérias. Recentemente, elementos de expressão gênica foram denominados “integrons” que são veículos para aquisição de genes de resistência levada por plasmídeos. Os integrons também estão envolvidos na recombinação genética de determinantes de resistência e foram observados em patógenos bacterianos múltiplo-antibiótico-resistentes

Manejo Terapêutico do Paciente Queimado: Revisão de Literatura

Burns are traumatic wounds resulting from thermal, chemical, electrical or radioactive agents that compromise vital skin functions. In Brazil, they constitute one of the main external causes of death, alongside transport accidents and homicides. An integrative review was carried out, using the Google Scholar database with the following descriptors “Burn”, “Pain Management”, “Therapeutic Indication”. In which 8 articles were selected from 1,710, published in English and Portuguese from 2019 to 2024. The main author conducted the analysis, with disagreements resolved between the authors. WHO estimates indicate 300,000 annual deaths from burns globally. In Brazil, one million people suffer burns annually, with young adults being the most vulnerable, mainly in domestic or work environments. The classification of burns, extent of the affected area and treatment are fundamental for the best therapeutic management, given that pain is a prevalent complaint that is difficult to control in these patients. Protocols vary, and wound care, hydration, and pain management are challenges. Different therapies, including agents such as silver sulfadiazine and essential fatty acids, show promising results. Surgical treatment aims to remove compromised tissues, contributing to effective healing. The study reinforces the importance of medical knowledge in the management of burns and its relevance to public health.As queimaduras são feridas traumáticas resultantes de agentes térmicos, químicos, elétricos ou radioativos que comprometem funções vitais tanto da pele, como dos demais órgãos internos. No Brasil, constituem uma das principais causas externas de morte, disputando com acidentes de transporte e homicídios. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, utilizando a base de dados Google Acadêmico com os seguintes descritores “Queimadura”, “Manejo da Dor”, “Indicação Terapêutica”. Nos quais foram selecionados 8 artigos entre 1.710, publicados em inglês e português de 2019 a 2024. O autor principal conduziu a análise, com discordâncias resolvidas entre os autores. Estimativas da OMS indicam 300 mil mortes anuais por queimaduras globalmente. No Brasil, um milhão de pessoas anualmente sofrem queimaduras, sendo adultos jovens mais vulneráveis, principalmente em ambientes domésticos ou laborais. A classificação das queimaduras, extensão da área afetada e o tratamento são fundamentais para o melhor manejo terapêutico, haja vista que a dor é uma queixa prevalente e de difícil controle nesses pacientes. Protocolos variam, e o cuidado da ferida, hidratação e manejo da dor são desafios. Diferentes terapias, incluindo agentes como sulfadiazina de prata e ácidos graxos essenciais, apresentam resultados promissores. O tratamento cirúrgico visa a remoção de tecidos comprometidos, contribuindo para a cicatrização eficaz. O estudo reforça a importância do conhecimento médico na abordagem de queimaduras e sua relevância para a saúde pública

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Número Completo, vol 40, n. 2, Jul/JDez 2014

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the epidemiological profile of drowning victims in the State of Pará from 2010 to 2019. Objective: To trace the epidemiological profile of drowning deaths in the State of Pará from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Analysis of data obtained through the online platform of the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DataSus). Results: In the period, 3,144 deaths were registered due to accidental drowning and submersion, of which 82.6% were male and self-declared brown (82.54%). The age group with the highest number of cases was 20 to 29 years old, followed by the age group 1 to 4 years old. The municipalities that registered the highest number of deaths were Belém, Marabá and Santarém. Conclusion: There is a need for further discussions on the subject, as data on the characterization of the epidemiological profile of drowning victims will allow specific preventive actions for certain age groups in locations and populations where these numbers are more expressive.Introducción: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el perfil epidemiológico de las víctimas de ahogamiento en el Estado de Pará de 2010 a 2019. Objetivo: Trazar el perfil epidemiológico de las muertes por ahogamiento en el Estado de Pará de 2010 a 2019. Métodos: Análisis de datos obtenidos mediante la plataforma en línea del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DataSus). Resultados: En el período se registraron 3.144 muertes por ahogamiento accidental e inmersión, de las cuales el 82,6% fueron varones y se declararon pardos (82,54%). El grupo de edad con mayor número de casos fue el de 20 a 29 años, seguido del grupo de 1 a 4 años. Los municipios que registraron el mayor número de muertes fueron Belém, Marabá y Santarém. Conclusión: Es necesario profundizar en el debate sobre el tema, ya que los datos sobre la caracterización del perfil epidemiológico de las víctimas de ahogamiento permitirán acciones preventivas específicas para determinados grupos de edad en localizaciones y poblaciones donde estos números son más expresivos.Introdução: Este trabalho teve o intuito de identificar o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de afogamento do Estado do Pará entre o ano de 2010 a 2019. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por afogamento no estado do Pará no período de 2010 a 2019. Métodos: Análise dos dados obtidos através da plataforma online do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DataSus). Resultados: No período, foram registrados 3.144 óbitos por afogamento e submersão acidentais, desses, 82,6% eram do sexo masculino e autodeclarados pardos (82,54%). A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi de 20 a 29 anos seguida pela faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos. Os municípios que registraram maior número de mortes foram Belém, Marabá e Santarém. Conclusão: Há necessidade de maiores discussões sobre o assunto, pois dados sobre a caracterização do perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de afogamento permitirá ações preventivas específicas para determinadas faixas etárias em localidades e populações onde estes números são mais expressivos

Characterization, Biocompatibility and Antioxidant Activity of Hydrogels Containing Propolis Extract as an Alternative Treatment in Wound Healing

Hydrogels consist of a network of highly porous polymeric chains with the potential for use as a wound dressing. Propolis is a natural product with several biological properties including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This study was aimed at synthesizing and characterizing a polyacrylamide/methylcellulose hydrogel containing propolis as an active ingredient, to serve as a wound dressing alternative, for the treatment of skin lesions. The hydrogels were prepared using free radical polymerization, and were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, swelling capacity, mechanical and rheological properties, UV-Vis spectroscopy, antioxidant activity by the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays and biocompatibility determined in Vero cells and J774 macrophages by the MTT assay. Hydrogels showed a porous and foliaceous structure with a well-defined network, a good ability to absorb water and aqueous solutions simulating body fluids as well as desirable mechanical properties and pseudoplastic behavior. In hydrogels containing 1.0 and 2.5% propolis, the contents of total polyphenols were 24.74 ± 1.71 mg GAE/g and 32.10 ± 1.01 mg GAE/g and those of total flavonoids 8.01 ± 0.99 mg QE/g and 13.81 ± 0.71 mg QE/g, respectively, in addition to good antioxidant activity determined with all three methods used. Therefore, hydrogels containing propolis extract, may serve as a promising alternative wound dressing for the treatment of skin lesions, due to their anti-oxidant properties, low cost and availability

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data