Diseño estructural : unidad 4

1 archivo PDF (77 páginas) ; 2a ediciónSe ilustra el análisis del equilibrio de estructuras sujetas a distintos tipos de acciones

Características sedimentológicas y paleogeográficas del fan-delta albiense de la Formación Monte Grande y sus relaciones con el Flysh Negro (Arminza-Górliz, Vizcaya)

La Fm. Monte Grande (Albiense inferior-medio, Vizcaya) posee más de 500 m de conglomerados, areniscas, lutitas y calizas urgonianas, sedimentadas en un «fan-delta» retrogradante. Importantes disconformidades limitando la unidad sugieren dos variaciones relativas bruscas del nivel del mar

Diseño estructural unidad 3 : acciones sobre las estructuras, sismos y vientos

1 archivo PDF (63 páginas); 2a ediciónSe presentan nociones sobre la naturaleza de los sismos y el viento y sobre la forma de tomar en cuenta estas acciones en el diseño de estructuras

Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter phase transition from finite temperature symmetry breaking of Klein-Gordon fields

In this paper the thermal evolution of scalar field dark matter particles at finite cosmological temperatures is studied. Starting with a real scalar field in a thermal bath and using the one loop quantum corrections potential, we rewrite Klein-Gordon's (KG) equation in its hydrodynamical representation and study the phase transition of this scalar field due to a Z_2 symmetry breaking of its potential. A very general version of a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is obtained. When introducing Madelung's representation, the continuity and momentum equations for a non-ideal SFDM fluid are formulated, and the cosmological scenario with the SFDM described in analogy to an imperfect fluid is then considered where dissipative contributions are obtained in a natural way.Additional terms appear compared to those obtained in the classical version commonly used to describe the \LambdaCDM model, i.e., the ideal fluid. The equations and parameters that characterize the physical properties of the system such as its energy, momentum and viscous flow are related to the temperature of the system, scale factor, Hubble's expansion parameter and the matter energy density. Finally, some details on how galaxy halos and smaller structures might be able to form by condensation of this SF are given.Comment: Substantial changes have been made to the paper, following the referees recommendations. 16 pages. Published in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Graphene Synthesis Using a CVD Reactor and a Discontinuous Feed of Gas Precursor at Atmospheric Pressure

The present work shows a new method in order to cost-effectively achieve the synthesis of graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Unlike most usual processes, where precursors such as argon, H2, CH4, and high purity copper foil are used, the proposed method has replaced the previous ones by N2, N2 (90%) : H2 (10%), C2H2, and electrolytic copper (technical grade) since the use of industrialized precursors helps reduce production costs. On the other hand, the process was modified from a continuous flow system with vacuum to a discontinuous one at atmospheric pressure, eliminating the use of vacuum pump. In addition, this modification optimized the consumption of gases, which reduced the waste and the emission of pollutant gases into the atmosphere. Graphene films were grown under different gas flowrates and temperatures. Then, the obtained material was characterized by TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and AFM, confirming the presence of few graphene layers. In brief, the growth time was reduced to six minutes with acetylene as a carbon precursor at 1000°C and at atmospheric pressure, with a flow rate of 30 sccm. Finally, the reported conditions can be used for the synthesis of good quality graphene films in industrial applications

Prácticas de física : laboratorio II

1 archivo PDF (86 páginas)Manual de laboratorio de prácticas de física

Phase II study of high-sensitivity genotyping of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA to ultra-select metastatic colorectal cancer patients for panitumumab plus FOLFIRI: the ULTRA trial

Background: Several studies show the importance of accurately quantifying not only KRAS and other low-abundant mutations because benefits of anti-EGFR therapies may depend on certain sensitivity thresholds. We assessed whether ultra-selection of patients using a high-sensitive digital PCR (dPCR) to determine KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA status can improve clinical outcomes of panitumumab plus FOLFIRI. Patients and methods: This was a single-arm phase II trial that analysed 38 KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA hotspots in tumour tissues of irinotecan-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received panitumumab plus FOLFIRI until disease progression or early withdrawal. Mutation profiles were identified by nanofluidic dPCR and correlated with clinical outcomes (ORR, overall response rate; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival) using cut-offs from 0% to 5%. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis was also performed. Results: Seventy-two evaluable patients were enrolled. RAS (KRAS/NRAS) mutations were detected in 23 (32%) patients and RAS/BRAF mutations in 25 (35%) by dPCR, while they were detected in 7 (10%) and 11 (15%) patients, respectively, by qPCR. PIK3CA mutations were not considered in the analyses as they were only detected in 2 (3%) patients by dPCR and in 1 (1%) patient by qPCR. The use of different dPCR cut-offs for RAS (KRAS/NRAS) and RAS/BRAF analyses translated into differential clinical outcomes. The highest ORR, PFS and OS in wild-type patients with their lowest values in patients with mutations were achieved with a 5% cut-off. We observed similar outcomes in RAS/BRAF wild-type and mutant patients defined by qPCR. Conclusions: High-sensitive dPCR accurately identified patients with KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. The optimal RAS/BRAF mutational cut-off for outcome prediction is 5%, which explains that the predictive performance of qPCR was not improved by dPCR. The biological and clinical implications of low-frequent mutated alleles warrant further investigations

ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Ophioviridae

The Ophioviridae is a family of filamentous plant viruses, with single-stranded negative, and possibly ambisense, RNA genomes of 11.3-12.5 kb divided into 3-4 segments, each encapsidated separately. Virions are naked filamentous nucleocapsids, forming kinked circles of at least two different contour lengths. The sole genus, Ophiovirus, includes seven species. Four ophioviruses are soil-transmitted and their natural hosts include trees, shrubs, vegetables and bulbous or corm-forming ornamentals, both monocots and dicots. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Ophioviridae, which is available at http://www.ictv.global/report/ophioviridae.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia MolecularFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale