Causality and the Power Spectrum

We find constraints on the generation of super-causal-horizon energy perturbations from a smooth initial state, under a simple physical scheme. We quantify these constraints by placing the upper limit $\lambda_c = 3.0 d_H$ on the wavelength at which the power spectrum turns over to $k^4$ behavior. This means that sub-horizon processes can generate significant power on scales further outside the horizon than one might naively expect. The existence of this limit may have important implications for the interpretation of the small scale power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background.Comment: uuencoded postscript file, 12 pages, 1 figure. Latex and postscript versions also available at http://euclid.tp.ph/Papers/index.htm

Economists\u27 Publication Patterns

The results presented in this paper give a comprehensive picture of the extent of publishing by economists. While it is obvious that the traditional emphasis on refereed journal articles captures only a part of economists\u27 research output, to date it has been difficult to determine how large a part of that output was not being measured. This note provides the necessary perspective and presents information on the relative productivity of faculty at different institutional types and with different years of experience

Report of the Citizens\u27 Dickey-Lincoln Project Impact Review Committee to Governor James B. Longley

The construction of the Dickey-Lincoln Hydroelectric Project. To examine, in depth, the proposal and its impact as seen by various segments of our society. The report will identify the factors that must carry the main weight in making a final determination

Aerobic Capacity and Postprandial Flow Mediated Dilation

The consumption of a high-fat meal induces transient vascular dysfunction. Aerobic exercise enhances vascular function in healthy individuals. Our purpose was to determine if different levels of aerobic capacity impact vascular function, as measured by flow mediated dilation, following a high-fat meal. Flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery was determined before, two- and four-hours postprandial a high-fat meal in young males classified as highly trained (n = 10; VO2max = 74.6 ± 5.2 ml·kg·min-1) or moderately active (n = 10; VO2max = 47.3 ± 7.1 ml·kg·min-1). Flow mediated dilation was reduced at two- (p \u3c 0.001) and four-hours (p \u3c 0.001) compared to baseline for both groups but was not different between groups at any time point (p = 0.108). Triglycerides and insulin increased at two- (p \u3c 0.001) and four-hours (p \u3c 0.05) in both groups. LDL-C was reduced at four-hours (p = 0.05) in highly trained subjects, and two- and four-hours (p ≤ 0.01) in moderately active subjects. HDL-C decreased at two- (p = 0.024) and four-hours (p = 0.014) in both groups. Glucose increased at two-hours postprandial for both groups (p = 0.003). Our results indicate that a high-fat meal results in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in highly trained and moderately active individuals with no difference between groups. Thus, high aerobic capacity does not protect against transient reductions in vascular function after the ingestion of a single high-fat meal compared to individuals who are moderately active

Adult life stage and crisis as predictors of curiosity and authenticity: Testing inferences from Eriksons lifespan theory

During periods of developmental crisis, individuals experience uncomfortable internal incongruence and are motivated to reduce this through forms of exploration of self, other and world. From this, we inferred that crisis would relate positively to curiosity and negatively to a felt sense of authenticity. A quasi-experimental design using self-report data from a nationally representative UK sample (N = 963) of adults in early life (20-39 yrs.), midlife (40-59 yrs.) and later-life (60+) showed a pattern of findings supportive of the hypotheses. Three forms of curiosity (intrapersonal, perceptual and epistemic D-type) were significantly higher, while authenticity was lower, among those currently in crisis that those of the same age group not in crisis. Crisis was also related to curiosity about particular book genres; early adult crisis to self-help and spirituality, midlife to self-help and biography, and later life to food and eating

Intrapersonal curiosity: Inquisitiveness about the inner self

Intrapersonal Curiosity (InC) is the desire to learn more about one’s inner-self. A pool of 39 experimental InC items were administered to 988 participants (498 women), along with other measures of curiosity and personality. Three InC factors with acceptable model fit were identified, from which three internally consistent (alphas > .89) 4-item subscales were developed: “Understanding Emotions and Motives”, “Reflecting on the Past”, and “Exploring Identity and Purpose”. The InC scales correlated positively with other curiosity measures, evidencing convergent validity; divergent validity was demonstrated on the basis of weak relations to other constructs. The InC scales were positively associated with less self-awareness, poorer self-regulation, and experiences of distress, suggesting that InC tends to be higher in individuals who lack, but seek, new intrapersonal knowledge to reduce uncertainty about the self

Optimisation of Retrofit Wall Insulation: An Irish case study

Ireland has one of the highest rates of emissions per capita in the world and its residential sector is responsible for approximately 10% of total national CO2 emissions. Therefore, reducing the CO2 emissions in this sector will play a decisive role in achieving EU targets of reducing emissions by 40% by 2030. To better inform decisions regarding retrofit of the existing building stock, this study proposes Optimum Insulation Thicknesses (OIT) for typical walls in 25 regions in Ireland. The calculation of OIT includes annual heat energy expenditure, CO2 emissions, and material payback period. The approach taken is based on Heating Degree Day (HDD) and life cycle cost analysis methods for different combinations of insulation material, heat energy type, and Irish wall configuration. Results indicate that OIT increases with increased HDD and varies up to 30% from lower to higher HDD regions in Ireland. The type of wall materials, configuration, insulation type, and heat energy type all have a significant impact on annual cost saving potential (up to 170 €/m2) and carbon emission (up to 50 kg/m2). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique is used to compare the significant mean difference between combinations under OIT and cost savings