2,963 research outputs found
Designing for the experiential body
The goal of this panel is to reflect on the past and discuss the present and future of designing for an experiencing body in HCI. The motivation is to discuss the full range of rich body/movement-based experiences and how the CHI community can embrace and extend these perspectives on designing for the body. The panelists and audience will be asked to share their perspectives on what has most influenced thought in designing for the body, how new sensing technologies are crafting the HCI perspective, and where they see this line of research and design heading in the next ten years
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Nitrogen stable isotopic composition of leaves and soil: Tropical versus temperate forests
Several lines of evidence suggest that nitrogen in most tropical forests is relatively more available than N in most temperate forests, and even that it may function as an excess nutrient in many tropical forests. If this is correct, tropical forests should have more open N cycles than temperate forests, with both inputs and outputs of N large relative to N cycling within systems. Consequent differences in both the magnitude and the pathways of N loss imply that tropical forests should in general he more 15N enriched than are most temperate forests. In order to test this hypothesis, we compared the nitrogen stable isotopic composition of tree leaves and soils from a variety of tropical and temperate forests. Foliar ÎŽ15N values from tropical forests averaged 6.5â° higher than from temperate forests. Within the tropics, ecosystems with relatively low N availability (montane forests, forests on sandy soils) were significantly more depleted in 15N than other tropical forests. The average ÎŽ15N values for tropical forest soils, either for surface or for depth samples, were almost 8â° higher than temperate forest soils. These results provide another line of evidence that N is relatively abundant in many tropical forest ecosystems
Therapeutic applications of the 'NPGP' family of viral 2As
The authors gratefully acknowledge the longâterm support of the Wellcome Trust and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).Oligopeptide â2Aâ and â2Aâlikeâ sequences (â2Asâ; 18â25aa) are found in a range of RNA virus genomes controlling protein biogenesis through ârecodingâ of the hostâcell translational apparatus. Insertion of multiple 2As within a single open reading frame (ORF) produces multiple proteins; hence, 2As have been used in a very wide range of biotechnological and biomedical applications. During translation, these 2A peptide sequences mediate a eukaryoteâspecific, selfââcleavingâ event, termed âribosome skippingâ with very high efficiency. A particular advantage of using 2As is the ability to simultaneously translate a number of proteins at an equal level in all eukaryotic systems although, naturally, final steadyâstate levels depend upon other factorsânotably protein stability. By contrast, the use of internal ribosome entry site elements for coâexpression results in an unbalanced expression due to the relative inefficiency of internal initiation. For example, a 1:1 ratio is of particular importance for the biosynthesis of the heavyâchain and lightâchain components of antibodies: highly valuable as therapeutic proteins. Furthermore, each component of these âartificial polyproteinâ systems can be independently targeted to different subâcellular sites. The potential of this system was vividly demonstrated by concatenating multiple gene sequences, linked via 2A sequences, into a single, long, ORFâa polycistronic construct. Here, ORFs comprising the biosynthetic pathways for violacein (five gene sequences) and ÎČâcarotene (four gene sequences) were concatenated into a single cistron such that all components were coâexpressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. In this review, we provide useful information on 2As to serve as a guide for future utilities of this coâexpression technology in basic research, biotechnology, and clinical applications.PostprintPeer reviewe
Guidance of Terahertz Wave over Commercial Optical Fiber
This work proposes a new flexible terahertz subwavelength fiber using commercial optical fiber as the core medium. The proposed dual-band fiber allows the optical signals to propagate in the innermost two layers and the THz signal to distributed over the optical fiber and mostly in the lossless foam cladding. The propagation loss at 1550 nm and 500 ÎŒm are 0.2 dB/km and 0.034 dB/mm, respectively. The proposed fiber is compact and cost-effective, making it a promising candidate for optical and terahertz fusion sensing, imaging, and nonlinear optoelectronics applications
Millimeter-wave Dual-Function Hollow Metal Waveguide to Microstrip Transition and Bandpass Filter based on ENZ Metamaterial
This paper presents a novel design of a millimeterwave dual-function in-plane hollow metal waveguide to microstrip transition and bandpass filter based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial. A hollow metallic rectangular waveguide (HMRW) that operates near its cut-off frequency of the fundamental TE 10 mode is used to mimic the ENZ metamaterial, allowing the wave to tunnel through the waveguide with an effectively infinite phase-velocity. As a waveguide transition, the ENZ waveguide directly interconnects HMRW and microstrip in the same plane with a minimum insertion loss of 0.7 dB at the 33.06 GHz, overcoming the significant impedance mismatch and geometry difference between HMRW and Microstrip. As a bandpass filter, the design has a near-flat passband with the minimum insertion loss of 0.7 dB and a bandwidth of 1.31 GHz centered at 32.96 GHz, which leads to a Q-factor of 25.17. The work offers a step towards a novel dual-function waveguide transition and bandpass filter that can be used in a variety of functional components for millimeter-wave multichip modules and hybrid integrated circuits
The distribution of dark matter and gas spanning six megaparsecs around the post-merger galaxy cluster MS0451-03
Using the largest mosaic of Hubble Space Telescope images around a galaxy cluster, we map the distribution of dark matter throughout an âŒ6 Ă 6âMpc2 area centred on the cluster MSâ0451â03 (z = 0.54, M200=1.65Ă1015Mââ ). Our joint strong- and weak-lensing analysis shows three possible filaments extending from the cluster, encompassing six group-scale substructures. The dark matter distribution in the cluster core is elongated, consists of two distinct components, and is characterized by a concentration parameter of c200 = 3.79 ± 0.36. By contrast, XMMâNewton observations show the gas distribution to be more spherical, with excess entropy near the core, and a lower concentration of c200=2.35+0.89â0.70 (assuming hydrostatic equilibrium). Such a configuration is predicted in simulations of major mergers 2â7âGyr after the first core passage, when the two dark matter haloes approach second turnaround, and before their gas has relaxed. This post-merger scenario finds further support in optical spectroscopy of the clusterâs member galaxies, which shows that star formation was abruptly quenched 5âGyr ago. MSâ0451â03 will be an ideal target for future studies of the growth of structure along filaments, star formation processes after a major merger, and the late-stage evolution of cluster collisions
Broadband Single-Mode Hollow Substrate Integrated Waveguide with Photonic Crystal Sidewalls for Multilayer System-in-Package Applications
We numerically and experimentally demonstrate a broadband single-mode hollow substrate integrated waveguide using one-dimensional photonic crystal as sidewalls in place of metallic via holes. By avoiding the vertical metallic walls, the waveguide can be easily fabricated as a photonic crystal structure on a single planar substrate sandwiched between two parallel metal plates. Such a hybrid flat waveguide can tightly confine the millimeter and terahertz waves in the low-loss air core. With the aid of the photonic crystal sidewalls, high-order competing modes in the waveguide are substantially suppressed based on the so-called modal-filtering effect, allowing the waveguide to be operated in a single-HE 01 -mode pattern over an octave bandwidth. Benefiting from the less use of metallic walls, the propagation loss of the proposed hybrid waveguide can be less than that of the classic hollow metallic rectangular waveguide at millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies according to our numerical simulation. A proof-of-concept experimental demonstration operating between 20 to 45 GHz is presented verifying the properties and the advantages of the proposed waveguide. This works offers a promising candidate for an octave-bandwidth single-mode transmission line for millimeter-wave and THz multilayer system-in-package applications
Efficient free-space-to-chip coupling of ultra-wideband sub-ps THz pulse for biomolecule fingerprint sensing
Wide bandwidth THz pulses can be used to record the distinctive spectral fingerprints related to the vibrational or rotational modes of polycrystalline biomolecules, and can be used to resolve the time-dependent dynamics of such systems. Waveguides, owing to their tight spatial confinement of the electromagnetic fields and the longer interaction distance, are promising platforms with which to study small volumes of such systems. The efficient input of sub-ps THz pulses into waveguides is challenging owing to the wide bandwidth of the THz signal. Here, we propose a sensing chip comprised of a pair of back-to-back Vivaldi antennas feeding into, and out from, a 90° bent slotline waveguide to overcome this problem. The effective operating bandwidth of the sensing chip ranges from 0.2 to 1.15 THz, and the free-space to on-chip coupling efficiency is as high as 51% at 0.44 THz. Over the entire band, the THz signal is âŒ42â
dB above the noise level at room temperature, with a peak of âŒ73â
dB above the noise. In order to demonstrate the use of the chip, we have measured the characteristic fingerprint of α-lactose monohydrate, and its sharp absorption peak at âŒ0.53 THz was successfully observed, demonstrating the promise of our technique. The chip has the merits of efficient in-plane coupling, ultra-wide bandwidth, ease-of-integration, and simple fabrication. It has the potential for large-scale manufacture, and can be a strong candidate for integration into other THz light-matter interaction platforms
Operators on the Fréchet sequence space ces(p+),
[EN] The FrĂ©chet sequence spaces ces(p+) are very different to the FrĂ©chet sequence spaces Âżp+,1Âżpp}\ell ^q â p + = â© q > p â q . Math. Nachr. 147, 7â12 (1990)PĂ©rez Carreras, P., Bonet, J.: Barrelled Locally Convex Spaces. North Holland, Amsterdam (1987)Pitt, H.R.: A note on bilinear forms. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 11, 171â174 (1936)Ricker, W.J.: A spectral mapping theorem for scalar-type spectral operators in locally convex spaces. Integral Equ. Oper. Theory 8, 276â288 (1985)Robertson, A.P., Robertson, W.: Topological Vector Spaces. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1973)Waelbroeck, L.: Topological vector spaces and algebras. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 230. Springer, Berlin (1971
Inheritance of Telomere Length in a Bird
Telomere dynamics are intensively studied in human ageing research and epidemiology, with many correlations reported between telomere length and age-related diseases, cancer and death. While telomere length is influenced by environmental factors there is also good evidence for a strong heritable component. In human, the mode of telomere length inheritance appears to be paternal and telomere length differs between sexes, with females having longer telomeres than males. Genetic factors, e.g. sex chromosomal inactivation, and non-genetic factors, e.g. antioxidant properties of oestrogen, have been suggested as possible explanations for these sex-specific telomere inheritance and telomere length differences. To test the influence of sex chromosomes on telomere length, we investigated inheritance and sex-specificity of telomere length in a bird species, the kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), in which females are the heterogametic sex (ZW) and males are the homogametic (ZZ) sex. We found that, contrary to findings in humans, telomere length was maternally inherited and also longer in males. These results argue against an effect of sex hormones on telomere length and suggest that factors associated with heterogamy may play a role in telomere inheritance and sex-specific differences in telomere length
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